scholarly journals MARINE CONSERVATION AREAS AND PROBLEMS OF NATURE MANAGEMENT IN THE KARKINITSKY BAY (THE BLACK SEA)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Milchakova ◽  
V.V. Alexandrov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Conservation Areas

scholarly journals LANDSCAPE AND GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BLACK SEA COAST OF RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
I.Y. Matasova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Geochemical Landscapes ◽  
Sea Coast

The article is devoted to the use of landscape-geochemical mapping to study the spatial structure of the Black sea coast of Russia. Landscape-geochemical map of Black sea coast of Russia is done as a result of a complex study of the South of Russia summarizing large volume of various materials geological, soil, geobotanical, geological trends and the official in the field work process. Topographical and geological maps of scale 1:200000–1:500000 were the basis for drawing up the map of geochemical landscapes. Using these data, it was possible to establish the main factors of landscape differentiation and make auxiliary maps that characterize the taxonomic parameters: 1-plant communities and types of nature management developed in the region; 2 – types of geochemical conditions in soils; 3 – geomorphological features; 5-soil-forming rocks. All these factors are taken into account at various taxonomic levels and are clearly shown on the map of geochemical landscapes. The area of the research area is approximately 8,300 km2 . The variety of natural conditions and the wide development of anthropogenic activities caused the complex landscape and geochemical structure of the studied territory Most of the territory of the Black sea coast of Russia is occupied by biogenic landscapes (5717.2 km2 or 69 %). Technogenic landscapes on the black sea coast of Russia are developed everywhere, but their largest area is on the Taman Peninsula and the area from Anapa to Novorossiysk. The map made it possible to assess the natural differentiation and specifics of the technogenic transformation of the studied territory. The objectivity of using the landscape-geochemical map as a basis for a comprehensive study of the territory is confirmed by the results of studying the features of migration and concentration of chemical elements in soils and rocks.

scholarly journals Mapping of ecosystem services in the Kolkheti National park (Georgia) based on their ecological-economic assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-125
Author(s):  
Sergey Kozlov ◽  
Tatiana Krasovskaya ◽  
Tengiz Gordeziani ◽  
Robert Maglakelidze
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Ecological Economic

The research area—the Kolkhety National park (Georgia)—is situated in the western part of the Kholhida lowland and includes coastal waters of the Black Sea. It was established in 1998, but its economic value was not assessed. The purpose of the work was to identify the ecosystem services of the park’s geosystems, to carry out an ecological-economic assessment of part of the ecosystem services, and to create map of ecological-economic assessment, which is necessary for its nature management regulation, including its buffer zones, as well as nature conservation and recreation activities. Using our field data and thematic publications we compiled a map, presenting 4 large areas of ecosystems: the Kolkhida woodlands, wetlands, the lake Paleostomi, the Black Sea water area. 25 ecosystem services were identified within them. The following were among them: resource ecosystem services—provision of feed for cattle, commercial products of water bodies, etc.; regulating—creation of the coastal line, wetlands water filtration, etc.; supporting—carbon deposition by terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; information—recreation services. Information data base was compiled for several of them and used for assessments based on the widely used international methods. The assessment result of only seven ecosystem services demonstrated their cost—10.5 mln dollars annually. The results of ecological-economic assessments were used for compiling of an ecological-economic map presenting spatial distribution of different ecosystems services costs. The results may be used for the Georgian coastal area territorial planning and demonstrate the economic value of nature protected lands.

scholarly journals On the impact of local natural and climatic conditions of the North-West Caucasus on the vital activities of the population in the context of the observations of I.N. Klingen

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Людмила Васильевна Бурыкина ◽  
Лариса Дмитриевна Федосеева
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

В статье предпринят анализ сведений о климате Северо-Западного Кавказа на базе монографии И.Н. Клингена, основанной на материалах комиссии И.С. Хатисова - А.Д. Ротиньянца и других исследователей Причерноморья и содержавшей компетентную и ценную информацию по истории сельского хозяйства шапсугов и убыхов. Несмотря на благоприятные природно-климатические условия, данная территория очень специфична, но это была естественная среда обитания адыгских племен, разработавших самобытные приемы агротехники и особые орудия труда, позволившие им возделывать землю, как на склонах гор, так и в низинах, и собирать значительные урожаи. Адыгскими племенами были выработаны собственные формы адаптации к среде обитания, представлены оригинальные способы жизнедеятельности в сложных климатических условиях, позволившие поддерживать региональную модель стабильного социально-экономического развития со своей этнокультурной спецификой. Проблема воздействия локальных природно-климатических условий на антропогенную деятельность и его отражение на процесс формирования традиции природопользования, земледельческий опыт адыгских племен, изложенный в отчете И.С. Хатисова и монографии И.Н. Клингена, не утратили актуальности и в современных условиях, поскольку сходы селевых потоков, водная эрозия с разрушительными последствиями стали настоящим бичом для хозяйств, курортов и простых граждан. Культура земледелия причерноморских адыгов была и остается самой разумной для этой территории и имеет не только научно-познавательное, но и практическое значение. The paper undertakes an attempt to analyze information about the climate of the North-West Caucasus basing on a monograph by I.N. Klingen. This monograph was based on the materials of the Commission of I.S. Khatisov-A.D. Rotinyants and other researchers of the Black Sea region. It contains competent and valuable information on the history of agriculture of the Shapsugs and Ubykhs. Despite favorable natural and climatic conditions, this territory is very specific. In this natural habitat, the Adyghe tribes developed original techniques of agricultural machinery and special tools that allowed them to cultivate land both on the slopes of the mountains and in the lowlands, and take significant crops. The Adyghe tribes developed their own forms of adaptation to the habitat, presented original ways of living in difficult climatic conditions, which made it possible to maintain a regional model of stable socio-economic development with its ethnocultural specificity. The problem of the impact of local natural and climatic conditions on anthropogenic activity and its reflection on the process of forming the tradition of nature management, the agricultural experience of the Adyghe tribes, set out in the report of I.S. Khatisov and the monograph by I.N. Klingen, have not lost their relevance in modern conditions. Rural mudflows, water erosion with destructive consequences have become a real scourge for farms, resorts and simple citizens. The culture of agriculture of the Adyghes living in the Black Sea region was and remains the most reasonable for this territory and has not only scientific and cognitive, but also practical significance.

A database of Black Sea beaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahsin Görmüş ◽  
Berna Ayat ◽  
Burak Aydoğan
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Average Width ◽  
The Mean

<p>Beaches are not only one of the most beautiful natural entities the world coasts, they are also habitat for various species of living creatures, barrier against coastal hazards. Their conservation is crucially important, yet the efforts seem deficient. Geographic information systems are great tools towards this aim by incorporating coastal data and visually representing them. In this study, a database for all the beaches along the Black Sea coastline is created to help the efforts on marine conservation and coastal management. 1553 beaches have been digitized as polygons using satellite images between 2013 and 2016 covering the entire Black Sea coast. Geometric properties such as area, perimeter, width, central coordinates, UTM zone, shoreline length, and bound orientation are obtained through different data collection techniques. Information related to natural properties such as estuaries, coastal structures, and settlement densities have been gathered. Results indicated that Black Sea beaches are relatively narrow. Most of them are either experienced erosion or have a vulnerability to erosion. Among all 1553 beaches, only 28 beaches have an average width wider than 100 m. In the basin, the average width of the beaches is 26.04 m, the average beach area is 70384.2 m<sup>2</sup> and the total beach shoreline length is 2116.12 km, which covers 43% of the Black Sea coastline. The mean slope values of the beaches with a maximum width of greater than 100 m are calculated using ASTER Digital Elevation Model v2. According to this analysis, the mean slope of these 164 beaches is 7.28 degrees. An additional analysis is performed by creating a different layer for the South-western part of the basin, from approximately 5 years older satellite images. This analysis showed that, even in the short-term, beaches can experience significant area loss reaching up to 50% in a relatively high wave climate such as exists in the South-western part.</p>

scholarly journals LONG-TERM CHANGES IN THE AREA OF LAKES ON THE BAR OF THE TYLIGULSKYI LIMAN (BLACK SEA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1(38)) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
O. B. Murkalov ◽  
O. O. Stoyan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
A Chain

Problems Statement and Purpose. The estuarine area of Tyligulskyi Liman is located within the limits of north-western limans coastal area between the Odesa bay and Berezans’kyi Liman. Tyligulskyi Liman is separated from the sea by a wide sandy-shell bay-bar, in which an artificial liman-sea connecting channel is laid. The bay-bar of the Tyligulskyi liman is one of the most powerful sea-land contact zones in the region. The Tyligulskyi Liman and its bay-bar are officially recognized as Ramsar wetlands. The need to study and protect the bay-bar is associated with both its international status of the wetlands and the preservation of natural conditions and resources for the planning of nature management and sustainable development of the geosystem. The Lakes of the bay-bar were insufficiently studied in comparison with biota and hydrology of the adjacent part of the Black Sea, the Tyligulskyi Liman and the connecting channel. Data & Methods. The study of the water bodies of the Tyligulskyi Liman bay-bar was carried out by field and cameral methods. Field mapping and survey work were carried out, sediment samples were taken. The cartographic method made it possible to analyse the cartographic materials of 1793–1982 edition suitable for their decoding and analysis. GIS methods were used to process cartographic images, satellite images and field measurements. Cameral work was performed in ‘Saga Gis’ software. To study the numerical values of the dynamics and development of the water bodies at the Tyligulskyi Liman bay-bar, the total lake percentage is calculated. Results. The water bodies at the Tyligulskyi liman bay-bar exist and develop during all its forming time. In their development, they experienced significant changes along with changes of the bay-bar caused by the channel connecting the Black Sea with the Tyligulskyi Liman, individual lakes to an artificial channel. According to the genesis of the lake basin are presented on the bar the remaining coastal lakes, anthropogenic and anthropogenic-transformed. At the present stage, the water bodies’ development is determined by operation frequency of the artificial connecting channel, level fluctuations, up and down surges. The inflow of estuary water into the water bodies of the bay-bar is constant at all stages of their development, in contrast to its inflow from the sea. On the Tyligulskyi liman bay-bar, there are constantly three water bodies: the northern lake, a chain of central and eastern lakes, and the channel. Commissioning of the channel connecting the Black Sea with the Tyligulskyi liman has led to an increase in the total lake percentage of the bay-bar from 3.9–11.1% in its natural state to 20.4–26.5% at present. With all its insignificant parameters, the connecting channel performs a system-forming function – it provides water exchange and the functioning of the natural complexes of the inner part of the Tiligul bay-bar. Further research the lakes on sand bar will provide an understanding of the functioning of the Tyligulskyi Liman bay-bar from a geosystem point of view, which will contribute to sound rational nature management at the bay-bar, preservation of natural diversity and sustainable development of the territory.

scholarly journals Constructive-geographic foundations of nature management on the north-western coast of the Black Sea

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
North West ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
The North

The aim of the research is to analyze the problem of anthropogenic influence on the sea coasts, to develop and improve the constructive-geographical foundations of rational nature management for the conservation and possible renewal of natural resources on the north-west coast of the Black Sea. Methods. The main methods used in the preparation process and writing of the article are systematization methods, retrospective, analytical, comparative geographical and historical. Scientific novelty of the article. The fact that the coastal zone of the Black Sea coast is experiencing uncontrolled anthropogenic impacts; this research has improved and developed constructive-geographical foundations for their rational management. Practical value. Developed scientific recommendations are universal. They are very important for the implementation of integrated management of the coastal zone in the country, the optimization of nature management and the preservation of the natural systems on the north-west coast of the Black Sea, in particular, and the entire World Ocean, as a whole. Research results. Intensive development of the coast and consumer economic activity over the past decades has led to the degradation of natural systems. Rational use of natural resources of the coastal zone of the sea assumed the development of foundations that comprehensively take into account the physical-geographical and socio-economic processes, as well as the laws of their development that determine the current state and dynamics of changes in natural systems during their operation. On the basis of a detailed study of domestic and foreign publications related to this topic, the activities of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) in different countries of the world were analyzed. The foundations and principles for introducing ICZM in Ukraine are highlighted. It has been established that for the development of any projects in the coastal zone of the sea, it is necessary to have a scientific natural rationale from scientists obtained in the process of detailed research. These provisions can be the scientific basis of the relevant legislative framework for the optimization of nature management and spatial planning on the north-west coast of the Black Sea. Well-developed and improved scientific provisions are suitable for correcting the current situation in the direction of higher efficiency on coastаl control. These constructive-geographic foundations can become the basis and the main algorithm for practical implementation of environmental legislation in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic impact on the shores and the bottom of the Jebriyan bay in the Northwestern part of the Black Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-740
Author(s):  
Yuriy D. Shuisky ◽  
Galina V. Vykhovanetz ◽  
Ludmila V. Organ ◽  
Mukete Theophilus N. Moto
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Danube Delta ◽  
Average Depth ◽  
The Impact

The Jebriyan Bay is located in the northern part of the Kiliya Danube Delta, at a junction of the delta cone and the indigenous coast. This is a zone of very high anthropogenic impact on the Danube Biosphere Reserve. The two opposite shores of this bay are fundamentally different. Along the northern shore, the Northwest coastal sand sediment flows discharge from the Cape of the Great Fontanne to the Jebriyan Bay. That is why the northern coast of the bay is made up of sandy forms of coastal topography (marine accumulative terrace and spit). The southern coast is deltaic; composed of a mixture of muddy, siltstone and sandy sediments. The area of the bay is limited to isobaths –11 m and is about 80 km2. The bottom of the bay has a gentle relief, made up of smooth outlines, with an average depth of 6.2 m. The shape of the transverse profile of the underwater slope is mostly convex. The natural system of the bay was affected by fishing, recreation, shipping and industrial sand production on coastal accumulative landforms. Coastal fishing uses a system of fixed bottom seines and small motorized floating equipment. Recreational facilities are designed to serve about 350 thousand people during the warm period each year. The impact of shipping was expressed in the construction and operation of the seaport of Ust-Dunaysk, together with suitable canal and the technical canal between the sea and the branch of the delta breakthrough the system of the large Ochakov branch. The ladle port had an area of about 1.5 km2, a maximal depth of 16 m, and an average depth of 13.7 m. The trough was connected to the Ochakov branch of the Danube Delta by a technical canal with a depth of 4 m. Vessels could enter the harbor of Ust-Danube through an access navigation channel with a depth of 11–12 m and a bottom width of 125 m. The port was used for the transshipment of large containers, general forest cargo from ocean vessels (displacement of 60–100 thousand tons) on regular sea lines from the countries of Southeast Asia to the Black Sea, to the Danube and further to the countries of Central Europe and to the ports of the North and the Baltic Seas. But it was unfortunate that the port construction site did not last as expected. Between 1980–2010 the harbor and approach canal of Ust-Dunaysk were filled with Danube river sediments. The example of Jebriyan Bay has shown that when executing any type of sustainable nature management project, it is very important to take into account the natural milieu.

scholarly journals Comprehensive studies of different types of river mouths (on the example of the river mouths in the north-western part of the Black Sea)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.Ya. Minkovskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
The North ◽  
Estuarine Processes ◽  
River Mouths

The development of the concept of sea estuaries as separate geographic objects based on a strategy of interdisciplinary research and about 6 million non-equidistant observation data, subject to nonstationarity of estuarine processes and unstable anthropogenic load, made it possible to propose a universal structural and hydrological typification of estuaries; to establish their maritime boundaries in terms of the minimum values of water salinityas Cv, to regionalize water areas from river to maritime boundaries and, on the this basis, to improve scientific terminology. Modern distribution schemes have been obtained and general patterns have been established for the variability of the main characteristics of the state of estuaries, depending on the variability of the river runoff and the water level of estuarine seasides, and new methods for their calculation, invariant for similar estuaries, are proposed. 54 negative phenomena are included in the catalogue; their interrelationships, causes and consequences are established. The analysis of estuarine processes has been carried out, the patterns of variability of their main characteristics from natural and anthropogenic factors have been determined. The ways of solving the problems of nature management in the estuarine regions of the northwestern part of the Black Sea are proposed. The monograph is intended for oceanographers, hydrologists, hydrochemists, ecologists, workers of environmental protection, monitoring and control organizations, as well as teachers, graduate students and students of relevant specialties.

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