scholarly journals Lower incisor changes following non-extraction orthodontic decompensation in Class III surgical cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Nor Nadia Zakaria ◽  
Yasmin Kamarudin ◽  
Kah Shin Ong ◽  
Zi Qing Koo
Keyword(s):  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Moderate Positive Correlation ◽  
Lower Incisors

The amount of incisor decompensation during pre-surgical orthodontics may affect the outcome of Class III orthognathic cases. The purpose of this study was to assess the lower incisor changes post-orthodontic decompensation in Class III surgical cases and to investigate the amount of crowding as a predictive factor. This was a retrospective study reporting on 22 Class III orthognathic cases. The lower incisor angulation (LIA) and distance of the lower incisor edge to the A-Pogonion line (Li-APo) were measured on pre-treatment and pre-surgical lateral cephalograms whereas crowding was measured on digitised pre-treatment study models. Pearson’s correlation (p <0.05) was used to assess the correlation of crowding with LIA and Li-APo changes, and prediction of the lower incisor decompensation was conducted using linear regression analysis. Results showed lower incisors were retroclined at 79.84° ± 7.08° and positioned ahead of APo line by 6.52 mm ± 2.97 mm at the start of treatment. Pre-surgical LIA and Li-APo were found to increase following orthodontic decompensation to 90.43° ± 5.96° and 10.34 mm ± 3.25 mm, respectively. There was a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.592) between crowding and Li-APo changes which was statistically significant, p value = 0.004, and had a strong predictor with 31.8% predictability. However, LIA showed a weak correlation (r = 0.329) with crowding and was not statistically significant (p = 0.135). Li-APo changes during orthodontic decompensation can be predicted with 31.8% predictability using the formula; Li-APo change = 2.064 + 0.503 (crowding).

Class III Malocclusion: Surgery or Orthodontics?

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. S. Kerr ◽  
S. Miller ◽  
J. E. Dawber
Keyword(s):  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
The Other ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Incisor Inclination

The pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of two groups of 20 subjects with severe Class III malocclusions were compared. One group had been considered suitable for orthodontic correction by the diagnosing clinician and the other offered orthognathic surgery. The most significant differences between the groups were in angle ANB, M/M ratio (P < 0·001), lower incisor inclination and Holdaway angle (P < 0·01). Threshold values for angle ANB and lower incisor angulation below which surgery was almost always carried out were—4 and 83 degrees, respectively.

scholarly journals Differences in Pharyngeal Characteristics According to Angle Class of Malocclusion

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Diamantidou ◽  
N. Topouzelis ◽  
S. Sidiropoulou-Hadjigianni ◽  
N. Gkantidis
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Pre Treatment

SUMMARYObjectives: To investigate potential differences in the pharynx, the soft palate, the pharyngeal tonsil, and the tongue between patients with different Angle Classes of malocclusion.Study Design: Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of 116 normal breathing individuals aged between 9 and 12 years were analyzed. 20 linear and 4 angular measurements, as well as 5 variables concerning the surface area of the pharynx and the soft palate were evaluated.Results: The angle formed by the palatal plane and the base of the skull had lower values in Class II groups. The soft palate height was smaller in Class II, div. 1 group. The angle between the soft and hard palates was smaller in Class III, followed by Class I, Class II, div. 2, and Class II, div. 1, with increasing values. The distance of the tongue from the palatal plane was larger in Class I and Class III groups. The surface area of the oropharynx was larger in Class III than in Class II groups. The total surface area of the pharynx had higher values in Class III than in Class II/1.Conclusion: Subjects with Class II malocclusion may be more prone to develop respiratory related disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, followed by Class I and Class III subjects.

scholarly journals Effect of Clark's twin-block appliance (CTB) and non-extraction fixed mechano-therapy on the pharyngeal dimensions of growing children

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batool Ali ◽  
Attiya Shaikh ◽  
Mubassar Fida
Keyword(s):  
Upper Airway ◽  
Mandibular Advancement ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Twin Block ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Introduction: Narrow airway dimensions due to mandibular deficiency can predispose an individual to severe respiratory distress. Hence, treatment with mandibular advancement devices at an early age might help improving the pharyngeal passage and reduce the risk of respiratory difficulties. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the mean changes in the pharyngeal dimensions of children with mandibular deficiency treated with Clark's twin-block appliance (CTB) followed by fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: Orthodontic records of 42 children with mandibular deficiency were selected. Records comprised three lateral cephalograms taken at the start of CTB treatment, after CTB removal and at the end of fixed appliance treatment, and were compared with 32 controls from the Bolton-Brush study. Friedman test was used to compare pre-treatment, mid-treatment and post-treatment pharyngeal dimensions. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the airway between pre-treatment and post follow-up controls. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to compare the mean changes in pharyngeal dimensions between treatment group and controls from T2 to T0. Post-hoc Dunnet T3 test was used for multiple comparisons of treatment outcomes after CTB and fixed appliances, taking a p-value of ≤ 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Superior pharyngeal space (p < 0.001) and upper airway thickness (p = 0.035) were significantly increased after CTB, and the change in superior pharyngeal space remained stable after fixed mechano-therapy. Conclusion: CTB can have a positive effect in improving pharyngeal space and the resultant increase in airway remains stable on an average of two and a half years.

scholarly journals A comparison of two different techniques for early correction of Class III malocclusion

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Seehra ◽  
P. S. Fleming ◽  
N. Mandall ◽  
A. T. DiBiase
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Maxillary Incisor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Mandibular Incisor ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Retrospective Comparative Study

Abstract Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Reverse Twin-Block therapy (RTB) and protraction face mask treatment (PFM) with respect to an untreated control in the correction of developing Class III malocclusion. Materials and Methods: A retrospective comparative study of subjects treated cases with either PFM (n  =  9) or RTB (n  =  13) and untreated matched controls (n  =  10) was performed. Both the PFM and control group samples were derived from a previously conducted clinical trial, and the RTB group was formed of consecutively treated cases. The main outcome variables assessed were skeletal and dental changes. Lateral cephalograms were taken at the start and end of treatment or during the observation period. Analysis of variance was used to compare changes in cephalometric variables arising during the study period in the lateral group. Linear regression analysis and an unpaired t-test were used to determine the impacts of treatment duration and gender, respectively. Results: Significantly greater skeletal changes arose with PFM therapy than with RTB therapy or in the control group (SNA, SNB, and ANB; P &lt; .001). The dentoalveolar effects of RTB therapy exceeded those of PFM treatment, with significantly more maxillary incisor proclination (P &lt; .001) and mandibular incisor retroclination (P &lt; .006) arising with treatment. Conclusions: Both appliances are capable of correction of Class III dental relationships; however, the relative skeletal and dental contributions differ. Skeletal effects, chiefly anterior maxillary translation, predominated with PFM therapy. The RTB appliance induced Class III correction, primarily as a result of dentoalveolar effects.

scholarly journals Mandibular symphysis morphology and lower incisor angulation in different anteroposterior jaw relationships and skeletal growth patterns – a cephalometric study

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Sandhya Jain ◽  
Prateek Puniyani ◽  
Arwa Saifee
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Class I ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Mandibular Symphysis ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Cephalometric Study

Objective. The purpose of the present study was to assess the symphyseal morphology and lower incisor angulation in different anteroposterior relationship and in different growth patterns and to investigate whether the symphyseal morphology had any correlation with dentofacial parameters. Method. Random Sampling method and lateral cephalograms of 90 subjects, age group 16-30 years, were divided into 30 in each group, i.e. Class I, Class II & Class III after calculating the following parameters (ANB angle, wits appraisal). After that, groups were again divided into 10 in each subgroup i.e. Average, Horizontal and Vertical growers. Results. Results showed the increase in actual symphysis width, inclination of the alveolar part, total height of symphysis and reduction in overall width along with retroclination of lower incisors in class III subjects as compared to class I and class II. Similarly actual and overall width of the symphysis were decreased and inclination of the alveolar part, symphyseal height and symphyseal ratio were increased in vertical growers. Conclusion. The dimensions and configuration of Mandibular Symphysis in class III was found to be different than those in Class I and Class II relationships; the alveolar part of Mandibular Symphyseal compensated for the skeletal relationship in the Class III pattern. Mandibualr Symphysis dimensions were strongly correlated to anterior facial dimensions. Similarly the dimensions and configuration of Mandibular Symphysis was also different in vertical growers as compared to horizontal and average growers, moreover symphyseal morphology and lower incisor angulation had a correlation with dentofacial parameters.

scholarly journals Treatment effects of myofunctional appliances in different jaw rotations in Class II division 1 malocclusion

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Kyumi V. Shethiya ◽  
Gauri S. Vichare ◽  
Ravindranath B. Sable
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
Myofunctional Therapy ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
One Year ◽  
Lower Incisors ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

Aim This retrospective study was conducted to determine skeletal, dentoalveolar changes in children treated with Twin Block or activator for the treatment of Class II Division 1 malocclusion with different jaw rotations. Materials and Methods Standardized lateral cephalograms of 32 patients (18 boys, 14 girls) between the ages of 11 and 14 years were chosen and divided into two groups, high angle (FMA >27) and low angle (FMA <20). Cephalograms were taken at T1 (pre-treatment) and T2 (after one year of myofunctional therapy).These were manually traced and analysed. Results The results showed statistically significant increase in SNB angle, VRP-Pog due to forward movement of the mandible. The overjet reduced significantly due to retroclination of upper incisors and proclination of lower incisors in both groups. Conclusion It was concluded that both high angle and low angle groups responded equally well to myofunctional therapy showing significant skeletal and dentoalveolar changes.

Long-term evaluation of lower incisors gingival recessions after orthodontic treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne Pernet ◽  
Cristina Vento ◽  
Nikolaos Pandis ◽  
Stavros Kiliaridis
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Long Term Retention ◽  
Lower Incisors

Summary Aim The development of gingival recessions has been associated with orthodontic treatment; however, a clear etiology is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to further clarify potential association between the development of labial and lingual recessions and inclination of the lower incisors during orthodontic treatment, vertical facial morphology, width of the alveolar bone process, height and width of their symphysis after orthodontic treatment and at long-term retention. Methods On dental casts and good quality lateral cephalograms of 126 orthodontically treated patients, relevant measurements were performed and gingival recessions were assessed and recorded before, immediately after treatment and at long-term retention. Results Taking into account the whole sample at three different occasions, on the buccal side, the lateral incisors have significantly less recessions than the central incisor. On the lingual side, tooth 32 presented with lower risk of recession compared to all other three incisors. No association was found between the width of the alveolar bone process at the apex (Wapex), at the level of the crest (Wcrest) and at mid of the root (Wmid), the width (D), the vertical skeletal pattern (AnsPns-Go’Me) and the onset of buccal or lingual recessions. Development of new recessions was clearly associated with males and with increasing age. The symphysis height (Me-Wcrest) was statistically related with the onset of lingual recessions on 32 and 42. The ratio between the symphysis height and the width at the crest level demonstrated a statistically significant association with the presence of buccal and lingual recessions. Excessive proclination (≥10°) of the lower incisors demonstrated an association with the onset of recessions in 25 per cent of the cases. Conclusion Based on the sample of this study, there is some evidence that increased symphysis height (Me-Wcrest), and ratio between the symphysis height and the width at the crest level as well as big change of lower incisor inclination during treatment are associated with the development of recessions.

scholarly journals Pre-treatment Factors Affecting Post-treatment Velopharyngeal Incompetency in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Treated with Maxillary Rigid External Distraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-232
Author(s):  
S. S. Agarwal ◽  
Sanjay Londhe ◽  
Rajat Mitra ◽  
Sanjeev Datana
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Velopharyngeal Function

Introduction: Maxillary advancement (MA) with rigid external distraction (RED) to correct mid-face deficiency in adult cases with cleft lip and palate (CLP) may trigger velopharyngeal incompetency (VPI) post-surgically. Aim and objectives: To determine pre-treatment factors affecting worsening of post-surgical VPI in patients with repaired unilateral CLP who underwent MA with RED. Material and methods: Treatment records of 10 patients with unilateral CLP who underwent MA with RED were selected from institutional archives. All patients underwent clinical evaluation of velopharyngeal function at T1 (1 week before surgery) and T2 (3 months after surgery). Based on post-surgical VPI status, patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (no change in VPI) and group 2 (worsened VPI). Lateral cephalograms were manually traced at T1 and T2 to determine the changes in length of soft palate (LSP) and pharyngeal depth (PD) at T2. The information regarding amount of MA and presence of pre-surgical VPI was obtained from case sheets of patients. Results: Mean LSP and PD at T2 were higher compared to T1 ( p-value < .001). No significant difference was observed in mean pre-surgical age, gender, pre-surgical LSP, and pre-surgical PD between the study groups ( p-value > .05 for all). The worsened VPI post-surgically was significantly associated with the presence of VPI pre-surgically and also with the amount of MA ( p-value < .05 for both). Conclusions: Amount of MA and presence of pre-surgical VPI are most important factors affecting post-surgical VPI. Prospective studies are recommended to validate the findings of this study.

scholarly journals Distribution of the Condylion-Gonion-Menton (CoGoMe^) Angle in a Population of Patients from Southern Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
D’Antò ◽  
Pango Madariaga ◽  
Rongo ◽  
Bucci ◽  
Simeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Beta Coefficient ◽  
Functional Appliances ◽  
Pre Treatment

The condylion-gonion-menton angle (CoGoMe^) is commonly used as a pre-treatment indicator of responsiveness in Class II patients treated with functional appliances. The distribution of this angle in the Caucasian population is still unknown. This study aimed to determine the distribution of the CoGoMe^ and its relationship with age, sagittal jaw relationship (ANPg^), and mandibular inclination (SN^GoGn) in patients from Southern Italy. The sample included 290 subjects (median14 years of age; Interquartile range, IQR, 12–17) with lateral cephalograms taken before the orthodontic treatment. The distribution of the CoGoMe^ was assessed with the Shapiro–Wilk test, and the differences according to the ANPg^ and the SN^GoGn were estimated using one-way ANOVA. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate how the CoGoMe^ varied according to age. The statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. The results showed that the CoGoMe^ was normally distributed (P = 0.290) with a mean value of 127.2° ± 7.7°. The distribution of the CoGoMe^ in groups with different SN^GoGn angles was significantly different (P < 0.001). These angles showed a positive association (Beta coefficient B = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.67; P < 0.001). In growing patients, the CoGoMe^ decreased every year by 0.6° (B = −0.6; 95% CI: −1.05, −0.12; P = 0.014). In conclusion, the CoGoMe^ was associated with mandibular inclination and could be considered to be a predictor of vertical growth patterns.

scholarly journals The assessment of resting tongue posture in different sagittal skeletal patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farheen Fatima ◽  
Mubassar Fida
Keyword(s):  
Study Groups ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Arch Form ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Cephalometric Radiograph ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Lateral Cephalometric Radiograph ◽  
Moderate Positive Correlation ◽  
Dental Casts

ABSTRACT Introduction: Resting tongue posture affects the surrounding structures and, theoretically, may result in altered arch form and jaw relationship. Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between resting tongue posture as observed in lateral cephalometric radiograph, sagittal jaw relationship and arch form. Methods: The study was conducted on pretreatment lateral cephalograms and dental casts of 90 subjects. Subjects were equally divided into three groups, based on sagittal jaw relationship (Class I, II and III). Tongue posture was determined in terms of tongue-to-palate distances at six different points (distances 1 to 6) using ViewPro-X software, according to the method described by Graber et al in 1997. The arch widths (intercanine and intermolar widths) were evaluated on pretreatment dental casts. Results: Tongue-to-palate distances were found to be comparable among different study groups. Significant differences were found in intercanine and intermolar widths at the cuspal and gingival levels among the study groups, except for intercanine width at cuspal level in maxilla and intermolar width at cuspal level in mandible. Moderate positive correlation was found between arch widths ratios at distances 3 and 4 in skeletal Class III group. Effect size was found to be moderate to large in different sagittal skeletal patterns and arch widths. Conclusion: The results of the current study showed no significant differences in the resting tongue posture among the groups, and moderate to weak correlation between tongue posture and dental arch widths.

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