scholarly journals Treatments of Eye Diseases in Malay Medical Manuscript Ramuan Obat EAP153/9/4

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
Mohd Affendi Mohd Shafri
Keyword(s):  
Data Extraction ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Medical Culture ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Riau Archipelago

The Malay medical manuscript Ramuan Obat EAP153/9/4 is a Malay medical manuscript from Riau Archipelago in today’s Indonesia. It appears to focus on eye diseases and treatments. This study aims to evaluate if the traditional medicines and interventions in the manuscript can be supported scientifically. Critical transliteration and data extraction were performed by applying philological method in identifying and categorising the diseases and interventions. The materia medica was analysed by comparing scientific reports presented in PubMed and Google Scholar, and matching each ingredient to the intended purpose as indicated in the manuscript. The manuscript contains both physical and spiritual interventions amounting to 28 formulations for 7 different types of eye disease. Half of the materia medica and their use in Ramuan Obat EAP153/9/4 could be supported by contemporary scientific evidence. The lack of contemporary scientific evidence for other materia medica, on the other hand, could be attributed to the lack of scientific research on them rather and not necessarily a deficiency in effectiveness. More scientific studies would need to be carried out to validate the safety and efficacy of formulations contained in Malay medical manuscripts as the content could potentially lead to new drug discovery. Apart from scientific gains, the study could also contribute to the preservation of Malay medical culture and heritage.

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: An update

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110221
Author(s):  
Daniele Giovanni Ghiglioni ◽  
Anna Maria Zicari ◽  
Giuseppe Fabio Parisi ◽  
Giuseppe Marchese ◽  
Cristiana Indolfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis ◽  
International Level ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Definition Of

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) are potentially severe and complex disease in its management among the various allergic eye diseases. In this regard, studies clarified the etiopathogenetic mechanisms. The workup should be multidisciplinary. The treatment includes topical and systemic medications with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant activity. However, a definition of nationally- and internationally-shared diagnostic protocols would also be needed and validated access to therapeutic options of proven safety and efficacy to avoid the use of galenic preparations, up to now still essential in the management of moderate-severe VKC. Finally, recognizing VKC and AKC, among rare diseases, at a national and international level would be an essential step to allow the management of VKC with adequate timings and settings within the National Health System.

scholarly journals The influence of orthodontic fixed appliances on the oral microbiota: A systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Osório Ayres de Freitas ◽  
Mariana Marquezan ◽  
Matilde da Cunha Gonçalves Nojima ◽  
Daniela Sales Alviano ◽  
Lucianne Cople Maia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Fixed Appliances

Objective: To investigate whether there is scientific evidence to support the hypothesis that the presence of orthodontic fixed appliances influences the oral microbiota. Methods: The search for articles was conducted in PubMed; ISI Web of Knowledge and Ovid databases, including articles published in English until May 17th, 2012. They should report human observational studies presenting the following keywords: "fixed orthodontic appliance" AND "microbiological colonization"; OR "periodontal pathogens"; OR "Streptococcus"; OR "Lactobacillus"; OR "Candida"; OR "Tannerella forsythia"; OR "Treponema denticola"; OR "Fusobacterium nucleatum"; OR "Actimomyces actinomycetemcomitans"; OR "Prevotella intermedia", OR "Prevotella nigrescens"; OR "Porphyromonas gingivalis". Articles were previously selected by title and abstract. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed and classified as having low, moderate or high methodology quality. A new detailed checklist for quality assessment was developed based on the information required for applicable data extraction for reviews. The study design, sample, follow-up period, collection and microbial analysis methods, statistical treatment, results and discussion were assessed. Results: The initial search retrieved 305 articles of which 33 articles were selected by title and abstract. After full-text reading, 8 articles met the inclusion criteria, out of which 4 articles were classified as having low and 4 as moderate methodological quality. The moderate methodological quality studies were included in the systematic review. Conclusions: The literature revealed moderate evidence that the presence of fixed appliances influences the quantity and quality of oral microbiota.

Treatment Options for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Celecoxib, Leflunomide, Etanercept, and Infliximab

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte T Luong ◽  
Barbara S Chong ◽  
Dionne M Lowder
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Pertinent Data

OBJECTIVE: To review new pharmacologic agents approved for use in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1966–January 2000) was conducted to identify English-language literature available on the pharmacotherapy of RA, focusing on celecoxib, leflunomide, etanercept, and infliximab. These articles, relevant abstracts, and data provided by the manufacturers were used to collect pertinent data. STUDY SELECTION: All controlled and uncontrolled trials were reviewed. DATA EXTRACTION: Agents were reviewed with regard to mechanism of action, efficacy, drug interactions, pharmacokinetics, dosing, precautions/contraindications, adverse effects, and cost. DATA SYNTHESIS: Traditional pharmacologic treatments for RA have been limited by toxicity, loss of efficacy, or both. Increasing discoveries into the mechanisms of inflammation in RA have led to the development of new agents in hopes of addressing these limitations. With the development of celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, the potential exists to minimize the gastrotoxicity associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Leflunomide has been shown to be equal to or less efficacious than methotrexate, and may be beneficial as a second-line disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). The biologic response modifiers, etanercept and infliximab, are alternatives that have shown benefit alone or in combination with methotrexate. However, they should be reserved for patients who fail to respond to DMARD therapy. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of these agents as well as their role in combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Celecoxib, leflunomide, etanercept, and infliximab are the newest agents approved for RA. Clinical trials have shown that these agents are beneficial in the treatment of RA; however, long-term safety and efficacy data are lacking.

Optimizing ETL by a Two-Level Data Staging Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-50
Author(s):  
Xiufeng Liu ◽  
Nadeem Iftikhar ◽  
Huan Huo ◽  
Per Sieverts Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Data Warehouse ◽  
Data Warehousing ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Data Staging ◽  
Staging Area ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Operational Systems ◽  
Early Late ◽  
Central Data

In data warehousing, the data from source systems are populated into a central data warehouse (DW) through extraction, transformation and loading (ETL). The standard ETL approach usually uses sequential jobs to process the data with dependencies, such as dimension and fact data. It is a non-trivial task to process the so-called early-/late-arriving data, which arrive out of order. This paper proposes a two-level data staging area method to optimize ETL. The proposed method is an all-in-one solution that supports processing different types of data from operational systems, including early-/late-arriving data, and fast-/slowly-changing data. The introduced additional staging area decouples loading process from data extraction and transformation, which improves ETL flexibility and minimizes intervention to the data warehouse. This paper evaluates the proposed method empirically, which shows that it is more efficient and less intrusive than the standard ETL method.

scholarly journals The Review of Chemistry, Pharmacology and Processing Method of Rhubarb (Rheum species)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwen He ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Hongxing Guo ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Jiachen Sun
Keyword(s):  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Toxic Materials ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Body Cooling

Rhubarb is one of the Chinese traditional medicines. About ninety-four compounds with five different types of skeletons (anthraquinone, anthrones, stilbenes, flavonoids and acylglucosides) have been isolated from rhubarb so far. These constituents are effective in purgative, clearing heat-fire, removing toxic materials from the body, cooling blood and promoting blood circulation. Recent studies have shown that the appropriate processing methods may directly impact on its nutraceutical activities and chemical compositions. Here, we summarize the update progress in the chemical compositions, pharmacological activities and processing methods of rhubarb.

scholarly journals Topical Ganciclovir in Herpetic Eye Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Khalid F Tabbara ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Herpetic Keratitis ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Corneal Blindness ◽  
Ocular Morbidity ◽  
Herpès Virus

Herpetic keratitis is a common cause of ocular morbidity and corneal blindness. The disease has a worldwide distribution. There are different types of Herpes virus with variable ocular and adnexal manifestations. Herpes virus stays dormant in the nerve ganglia following a primary infection. Topical antiviral agents include acyclovir and ganciclovir. Both agents may be used for the treatment and prophylaxis of herpetic keratitis. Antiviral prophylaxis is of crucial importance in the prevention of recurrent keratitis in patients with penetrating keratoplasty for herpes induced corneal scars. Recurrent herpetic keratitis in such patients frequently eventuate in the rejection of the graft. This article reviews topical ganciclovir 0.15% gel in the therapy and prophylaxis of herpetic keratitis.

scholarly journals Shunt Technology in Pediatric Neurosurgery: Current options and Scientific Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2(May-August)) ◽  
pp. e342020
Author(s):  
Luciano Lopes Furlanetti ◽  
Matheus Fernando Manzolli Ballestero ◽  
Ricardo Santos De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Training ◽  
Underlying Pathology

Introduction: Hydrocephalus is the most common neurosurgical condition among children worldwide and shunt diversion of the cerebral-spinal fluid (CSF) has been widely available. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review on types and models of shunt devices available and critically evaluate scientific evidence in favor of the usage of specific technologies. Methods: Searches of the PubMed database were performed for relevant articles published from until March 2020. Appropriate keywords were used to identify all studies, including: “shunt”, “technology”, “hydrocephalus”, “children”, “pediatric”. The indications and scientific evidence in favor of the usage of specific shunt technology for the treatment of hydrocephalus according to age, underlying pathology and other features of specific patients were discussed under the light of the current literature. Results: A total of 178 peer-reviewed papers were found. Out of them, only 21 matched our inclusion criteria and were finally selected. The papers were reviewed and described technology discussed below. A summary of the main types of shunts commercially available worldwide, including their respective working mechanism and construction was also included. Conclusion:Shunt technology has evolved during the last decades and continues to be intensively developed. Despite of the huge arsenal of different types of shunt systems currently available on the market, the treatment of hydrocephalus remains challenging. Investment in research, education and training, as well as prospective randomized multicentric controlled trials evaluating the role of specific valves in the treatment of individual group of hydrocephalic pediatric patients are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Alterações oculares em unidade de terapia intensiva: scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (34) ◽  
pp. 168-180
Author(s):  
Queila Faria dos Santos ◽  
Graciele Oroski Paes ◽  
Fernanda Garcia Bezerra Góes
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
Eye Damage ◽  
Terapia Intensiva ◽  
Ocular Changes ◽  
Determining Factor

Mapear as evidências científicas sobre alterações oculares em pacientesinternados em terapia intensiva. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, com adoção da estratégia PPC nas bases de dados PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE e a biblioteca virtual SCIELO. Adotou-se como elegiveis, estudos primarios, empiricos, quantitativos e qualitativos, publicados em três idiomas. Foram encontrados 204 artigos e após análise, selecionou-se 08 artigos para compor o estudo. A lagoftalmia apresenta-se como principal alteração ocular e fator determinante para o desenvolvimento de danos oftálmicos. Evidencia-se que o ambiente, a terapêutica instituída e as próprias comorbidades do paciente possuem associação com as alterações oculares. As doenças oculares são passíveis de prevenção. O diagnóstico precoce de alterações oculares e a rastreabilidade dos fatores de risco para doenças oculares são medidas necessária para evitar ocorrência de dano ocular aos pacientes internados em terapia intensiva.Descritores: Síndrome do Olho Seco, Doenças da Córnea, Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Eye changes in an intensive care unit: scoping reviewAbstract: To map the scientific evidence on ocular changes in patients in intensive care. Method: this is a scope review, with the adoption of the PPC strategy in the PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE databases and the SCIELO virtual library. Primary, empirical, quantitative and qualitative studies, published in three languages, were adopted as eligible. 204 articles were found and after analysis, 08 articles were selected to compose the study. Lagophthalmia is the main ocular alteration and a determining factor for the development of ophthalmic damage. It is evident that the environment, the instituted therapy and the patient's own comorbidities are associated with ocular changes. Eye diseases are preventable. The early diagnosis of eye changes and the traceability of risk factors for eye diseases are necessary measures to prevent the occurrence of eye damage to patients admitted to intensive care.Descriptors: Dry Eye Syndrome, Corneal Diseases, Intensive Care Unit. Cambios oculares en una unidad de cuidados intensivos: revisión del alcanceResumen: Mapear la evidencia científica sobre cambios oculares en pacientes en cuidados intensivos. Método: se trata de una revisión de alcance, con la adopción de la estrategia PPC en las bases de datos PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE y la biblioteca virtual SCIELO. Los estudios primarios, empíricos, cuantitativos y cualitativos, publicados en tres idiomas, se aprobaron como elegibles. Se encontraron 204 artículos y luego del análisis se seleccionaron 08 artículos para componer el estudio. La lagoftalmia es la principal alteración ocular y un factor determinante para el desarrollo de daño oftálmico. Es evidente que el entorno, la terapia instituida y las propias comorbilidades del paciente se asocian a cambios oculares. Las enfermedades oculares se pueden prevenir. El diagnóstico precoz de los cambios oculares y la trazabilidad de los factores de riesgo de enfermedades oculares son medidas necesarias para prevenir la aparición de daños oculares en los pacientes ingresados en cuidados intensivos.Descriptores: Síndrome del Ojo Seco, Enfermedades Corneales, Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos.

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