scholarly journals Shunt Technology in Pediatric Neurosurgery: Current options and Scientific Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2(May-August)) ◽  
pp. e342020
Author(s):  
Luciano Lopes Furlanetti ◽  
Matheus Fernando Manzolli Ballestero ◽  
Ricardo Santos De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Training ◽  
Underlying Pathology

Introduction: Hydrocephalus is the most common neurosurgical condition among children worldwide and shunt diversion of the cerebral-spinal fluid (CSF) has been widely available. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review on types and models of shunt devices available and critically evaluate scientific evidence in favor of the usage of specific technologies. Methods: Searches of the PubMed database were performed for relevant articles published from until March 2020. Appropriate keywords were used to identify all studies, including: “shunt”, “technology”, “hydrocephalus”, “children”, “pediatric”. The indications and scientific evidence in favor of the usage of specific shunt technology for the treatment of hydrocephalus according to age, underlying pathology and other features of specific patients were discussed under the light of the current literature. Results: A total of 178 peer-reviewed papers were found. Out of them, only 21 matched our inclusion criteria and were finally selected. The papers were reviewed and described technology discussed below. A summary of the main types of shunts commercially available worldwide, including their respective working mechanism and construction was also included. Conclusion:Shunt technology has evolved during the last decades and continues to be intensively developed. Despite of the huge arsenal of different types of shunt systems currently available on the market, the treatment of hydrocephalus remains challenging. Investment in research, education and training, as well as prospective randomized multicentric controlled trials evaluating the role of specific valves in the treatment of individual group of hydrocephalic pediatric patients are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Audio Description from a discourse perspective: a socially relevant framework for research and training

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Braun
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Audio Description ◽  
Global Coherence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
Partially Sighted ◽  
And Training

The topic of this paper is Audio Description (AD) for blind and partially sighted people. I will outline a discourse-based approach to AD focussing on the role of mental modelling, local and global coherence, and different types of inferences (explicatures and implicatures). Applying these concepts to AD, I will discuss initial insights and outline questions for empirical research. My main aim is to show that a discourse-based approach to AD can provide an informed framework for research, training and practice.

scholarly journals The Role of Patient-Site Facilitators in Teleaudiology: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3S) ◽  
pp. 661-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Coco ◽  
Alyssa Davidson ◽  
Nicole Marrone
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Hearing Health ◽  
And Training ◽  
Improve Access ◽  
Site Facilitator

Purpose Teleaudiology helps improve access to hearing health care by overcoming the geographic gap between providers and patients. In many teleaudiology encounters, a facilitator is needed at the patient site to help with hands-on aspects of procedures. The aim of this study was to review the scope and nature of research around patient-site facilitators in teleaudiology. We focused on identifying the facilitators' background, training, and responsibilities. Method To conduct this scoping review, we searched PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase. To be included, studies needed to address teleaudiology; be experimental/quasi-experimental, correlational/predictive, or descriptive; be published in English; and include the use of a facilitator at the patient location. Results A total of 82 studies met the inclusion criteria. The available literature described a number of different individuals in the role of the patient-site facilitator, including audiologists, students, and local aides. Fifty-seven unique tasks were identified, including orienting the client to the space, assisting with technology, and assisting with audiology procedures. The largest number of studies ( n = 42) did not describe the facilitators' training. When reported, the facilitators' training was heterogenous in terms of who delivered the training, the length of the training, and the training content. Conclusions Across studies, the range of duties performed by patient-site facilitators indicates they may have an important role in teleaudiology. However, details are still needed surrounding their background, responsibilities, and training. Future research is warranted exploring the role of the patient-site facilitator, including their impact on teleaudiology service delivery. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12475796

A review of tele-dermatology during the COVID-19 pandemic and its future. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
The Future

BACKGROUND As the COVID-19 pandemic rages on worldwide, social distancing and minimising face-to-face interactions remain key to reducing the spread of disease. As a result of this change, the field of tele-dermatology has matured rapidly and has become widely adopted. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this paper are to review the literature on the use of tele-dermatology during the COVID-19 pandemic - to identify how tele-dermatology services were implemented, the benefits of tele-dermatology, its challenges and limitations, and the implications for tele-dermatology in the future. METHODS A literature search for articles on the PubMed database was conducted using the keywords “tele-dermatology” and “COVID”. Results were filtered for articles written in English and published in the years 2020 and 2021. We included articles that meet the following criteria: studies that describe the experiences of an institution that has implemented tele-dermatology during the COVID-19 pandemic or qualitative studies surveying the perceptions of patients and/or doctors after using tele-dermatology as a platform. We excluded articles that merely discussed tele-dermatology without describing any first-hand experience. To prevent duplication of findings, we also excluded system reviews. Relevant articles were identified by their title and abstracts. Full text, where available, were retrieved for the identified articles. RESULTS The results were retrieved on 26th May 2021. A total of 112 results were identified. 33 articles met the inclusion criteria, of which 30 articles had full text available for retrieval. The following themes were identified from the articles and discussed: implementation of tele-dermatology, the benefits of tele-dermatology during a global pandemic, the limitations of tele-dermatology, and the possible role of tele-dermatology in the future. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has certainly hastened the adoption of tele-dermatology worldwide. As we adapt to the increasing prevalence of this relatively new platform and overcome its various barriers and limitations, there is no doubt that tele-dermatology will play a significant role in the care of patients suffering from skin diseases in the post COVID-19 era.

Leadership in Counseling Psychology: Introduction to the Special Issue

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 742-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth E. Fassinger ◽  
Lydia P. Buki ◽  
Sandra L. Shullman
Keyword(s):  
Counseling Psychology ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Future Work ◽  
And Training ◽  
Scholarly Inquiry ◽  
Training Practice

In this article, we introduce a special two-part issue of The Counseling Psychologist focused on leadership in counseling psychology. Despite the critical role of leadership in the field’s development, current status, and future possibilities, the topic has received little attention as a focus of scholarly inquiry within counseling psychology. We first present a context and rationale for the creation of this special issue, noting the timeliness of this topic within psychology and in society more broadly. Next, we introduce the articles that comprise this two-part special issue as well as two closely related articles contained in the August issue. A brief concluding article at the end this two-part special issue will (a) review the scholarship presented, (b) discuss its relevance, and (c) consider implications and directions for future work in the areas of research, education and training, practice, advocacy, and social justice.

scholarly journals The Impact of Autoantibodies on IVF Treatment and Outcome: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Simopoulou ◽  
Konstantinos Sfakianoudis ◽  
Evangelos Maziotis ◽  
Sokratis Grigoriadis ◽  
Polina Giannelou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Central Database ◽  
The Impact

The role of autoantibodies in in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been discussed for almost three decades. Nonetheless, studies are still scarce and widely controversial. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive systematic review on the possible complications associated to autoantibodies (AA) impeding the chances of a successful IVF cycle. An Embase, PubMed/Medline and Cochrane Central Database search was performed on 1 December 2018, from 2006 until that date. From the 598 articles yielded in the search only 44 relevant articles ultimately fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were qualitatively analyzed. Five subsets of results were identified, namely, thyroid related AA, anti-phospholipid antibodies, anti-nuclear antibodies, AA affecting the reproductive system and AA related to celiac disease. It may be implied that the majority of auto-antibodies exert a statistically significant effect on miscarriage rates, whereas the effects on clinical pregnancy and live birth rates differ according to the type of auto-antibodies. While significant research is performed in the field, the quality of evidence provided is still low. The conduction of well-designed prospective cohort studies is an absolute necessity in order to define the impact of the different types of autoantibodies on IVF outcome.

scholarly journals Women care in situations of sexual violence: an integrative literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Trentin ◽  
Mara Ambrosina de Oliveira Vargas ◽  
Monica Motta Lino ◽  
Sandra Maria Cezar Leal ◽  
Micheli Leal Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Access To Services ◽  
Service Network ◽  
Professional Qualification ◽  
Health Team ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
And Training

Abstract Objective: to identify Brazilian and international scientific evidence about women in situation of sexual violence service by a multidisciplinary health team. Method: an integrative literature review carried out in four databases and in a digital library, with the following inclusion criteria: type of study, language and temporal cut. The final sample consisted of 34 studies. Results: nine categories emerged: service network; teamwork; health professional in the service network; qualification and training; comprehensiveness; protocols; services; access to services and support from managers. They were organized into potentialities, demands and weaknesses, constituting elements necessary for assistance effectiveness by the multidisciplinary team to women in situation of sexual violence. Conclusion an Implications for practice: despite the potential of providing women care in situations of sexual violence, weaknesses stand out as an incipient and inexistent articulation of the intersectoral care network, generating demands for the networks’ construction, articulation and sustainability. In addition, professional qualification and support of managers in the performance of public policies make possible care comprehensiveness, updates and service evidence.

scholarly journals Vermicompost Preparation from Plant Debris, Cattle Dung and Paper Waste by Using Three Varieties of Earthworms in Green Fields Institute of Agriculture, Research and Training, Vijayawada(AP), India

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Alla Manohar ◽  
Thota Tulasi ◽  
Lakshmi Gajjela ◽  
M.Devi Prasad ◽  
Nalajala Gopi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Paper Waste ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Training

Vermicomposts have higher level of available nutrients like carbon nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium, calcium and magnesium derived from the wastes. The paper has attempted to evaluate for development of efficacy vermicompost by using three varieties of earthworms. The use of earthworms in the degradation of different types of wastes is continuing from the past so many years. These wastes include industrial, agricultural of plant debris and domestic waste papers and cattle dung. In this study three varieties of earthworms used such as Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae and Perionyx excavates in the vermicomposting of plant debris, cattle dung and waste paper. As waste paper, cattle dung and plant debris are rich in carbon while deficient in nitrogen cow dung was mixed with it to make it suitable for three earthworms. A mixture of waste paper, plant debris and c dung in the ratio of 1:1:1 was found to be the best ratio than 3(paper waste): 2(cattle dung) and 5(plant debris). In 60 days time excellent quality and quantity of compost was produced by three earthworms. Physical and biochemical parameters were analyzed during this period of 60 days. Pre decomposition of 10 days and subsequent vermicomposting of 60 days indicates the role of this species in vermibiotechnology. Increase was found in all the parameters like, Total nitrogen (%), Available phosphorus (%) and Exchangeable potassium (%) while a decrease was found in pH and C:N ratio as the timing of vermicomposting increased from 0 days to 60 days.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and Acute Kidney Injury: A Two-Way Causality Relation and a Predictive, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Role of Vitamin D

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyridon Graidis ◽  
Theodosios S. Papavramidis ◽  
Maria Papaioannou
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Complex Relation ◽  
Treatment Agent

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) constitutes a multi-factorially caused condition, which significantly affects kidney function and can lead to elevated risk of morbidity and mortality. Given the rising scientific evidence regarding vitamin D's (VitD's) multisystemic role, the connection between AKI and VitD is currently being studied, and the complex relation between them has started to be unraveled.Methods: A systematic review had been conducted to identify the pathogenetic relation of VitD and AKI and the potential role of VitD as a biomarker and therapeutic–renoprotective factor.Results: From 792 articles, 74 articles were identified that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Based on these articles, it has been found that not only can VitD disorders (VitD deficiency or toxicity) cause AKI but, also, AKI can lead to great disruption in the metabolism of VitD. Moreover, it has been found that VitD serves as a novel biomarker for prediction of the risk of developing AKI and for the prognosis of AKI's severity. Finally, animal models showed that VitD can both ameliorate AKI and prevent its onset, suggesting its renoprotective effect.Conclusion: There is a complex two-way pathogenetic relation between VitD disorders and AKI, while, concomitantly, VitD serves as a potential novel predictive–prognostic biomarker and a treatment agent in AKI therapy.

scholarly journals John Spears, a life in forestry: an introduction to the Special Issue

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
P. Dewees ◽  
N. Kishor ◽  
L. Ivers
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Research Education ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Plantation Development ◽  
And Training ◽  
International Forestry

This article introduces the Special Issue of the International Forestry Review published to honour the legacy, impact and career of the late John Spears, who was for many years the Senior Forestry Adviser at the World Bank. It outlines the long arc of his career and draws on some of the key themes which motivated John, and to which he returned throughout his life. In particular, it focuses on why he came to advocate for social and community forestry, the involvement of the private sector in forest plantation development, forestry research, education and training, the role of forests in reducing poverty, the challenges of conserving and managing tropical forests, and the potential of small and medium forest-based enterprises to contribute to job creation and economic growth. It closes with a reflection on some of the processes which were launched in parallel with his career and to which he contributed.

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