EVALUATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SANDALWOOD (SANTALUM ALBUM, L.) IN ACEH, INDONESIA AND IT'S ESSENTIAL OIL CHARACTERISTICS

Abstract. Sandalwood is source of essential oil and as non-wood commodity of forest, which is potential and considered luxurious due to its distinctiveness hard wood and containing specific oil scent. Sandalwood oil can be produced from its wood by extracting from its tree trunks, twigs, brances, or root. The economic value of sandalwood plan is derived from its oil content (santalol) which has unique scent. A volatile oil contained in sandalwood is the sesquiterpenoid compound; among them are α-santalol dan b-santalol. Interaction between genetic factors of plant with its environment is a major factor that determines the growth and development of sandalwood plant that eventually affecting the volatile oil that can be produced. Engineering efforts are required against factors that related with oil extraction in order to obtain its maximum production in both in quantity and quality. Sandalwood oil has high functional value, some of them are as the material for aromatic therapy which is particularly beneficial for human health, as cosmetic material, and as material for medicines.Keywords : sandalwood, essential oil, santalol Sari. Cendana merupakan sumber penghasil minyak atsiri dan merupakan komoditi hasil hutan bukan kayu yang potensial dan tergolong mewah karena sifat kayu terasnya yang khas dan mengandung minyak dengan aroma yang spesifik. Pembuatan minyak cendana dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan batang kayu, ranting, cabang ranting, dan akar pohon cendana. Nilai ekonomi tanaman cendana didapat dari kandungan minyak (santalol) dalam kayu yang beraroma wangi yang khas. Minyak atsiri yang terkandung pada kayu cendana merupakan golongan senyawa sesquiterpenoid diantaranya α-santalol dan b-santalol. Interaksi antara faktor genetik tanaman dengan ling-kungan merupakan faktor utama yang menentukan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman cendana yang pada akhirnya berpengaruh terhadap produksi minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan. Diperlukan upaya rekayasa terhadap faktor-faktor yang terkait dengan ektraksi minyak cendana sehingga produksi maksimal dicapai baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas. Minyak cendana memiliki nilai fungsi yang tinggi diantaranya sebagai bahan aroma terapi yang sangat bermanfaat bagi kesehatan manusia, bahan kosmetik, dan bahan untuk obat-obatan.Kata kunci : tanaman cendana, minyak atsiri, santalol

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Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure of Santalum album L. in India by Genic and Genomic SSR markers

10.1101/2021.05.28.446175 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tanzeem Fatima ◽

Ashutosh Srivastava ◽

Vageeshbabu S Hanur ◽

M. Srinivasa Rao

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Germplasm Conservation ◽

Principal Component ◽

Santalum Album ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Information Index ◽

Genomic Ssr ◽

Santalum Album L

Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is highly valued aromatic tropical tree. It is known for its high quality heartwood and oil. In this study 39 genic and genomic SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of 177 S. album accessions from 14 populations of three states in India. High genetic diversity was observed in terms of number of alleles 127 expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.63-0.87 and the average PIC was 0.85. The selected population had relatively high genetic diversity with Shannons information index (I) >1.0. 0.02 mean coefficient of genetic differentiation (FST) and 10.55 gene flow were observed. AMOVA revealed that 92% of the variation observed within individuals. Based on cluster and Structure result individuals were not clustered as per their geographical origin. Furthermore the clusters were clearly distinguished by principal component analysis analysis and the result revealed that PC1 reflected the moderate contribution in genetic variation (6%) followed by PC2 (5.5%). From this study, high genetic diversity and genetic differentiation was found in S. album populations. The genetic diversity information of S. album populations can be used for selection of superior genotypes and germplasm conservation to promote the tree improvement of S. album populations.

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SANDALWOOD (SANTALUM ALBUM): ANCIENT TREE WITH SIGNIFICANT MEDICINAL BENEFITS

International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research ◽

10.47070/ijapr.v9i4.1895 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 90-99

Author(s):

Shailja Choudhary ◽

Gitika Chaudhary

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Red List ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Santalum Album ◽

Protective Properties ◽

East Indian ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Santalum Album L ◽

Herbal Plant

Santalum album L. is commonly known as East Indian sandalwood, Shrigandha, sandalwood and Chandana. The plant is considered as the oldest, precious and commercially significant herbal plant which is also used as timber in India. The plant is well known for its unique and distinctive fragrance. Also, this plant is considered sacred and its importance and usage are also mentioned in Vedas, Puranas, Buddhism, epics and scriptures. It is used in various religions like Hindu, Buddhism and Jainism culture for auspicious work. The heartwood of the plant is very expensive and is associated with great commercial value in the national and international market as it is enriched with fragranced essential oil. The aromatic essential oil of the plant is used in various perfumes, food products, cosmetics, aromatherapy and pharmaceutical industries. Traditionally, the plant is used in various medicinal systems such as Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha to cure diseases like jaundice, dysentery, gastric irritability and is used as a tonic for liver, heart, fever, memory improvement, anti-poison and for blood purifier. In Ayurveda, the sandalwood plant is used as an expectorant, diuretic, astringent, stimulant, coolant and sedative agent. Besides this, the plant is associated with reported therapeutic and pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, hepatoprotective and cardio-protective properties. Although, due to the overexploitation of the plant it is enlisted in the IUCN Red List. In this review, the traditional medicinal usage of the sandalwood plant and its pharmacological properties along with its modern view is briefly described.

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Assessment of morphological and genetic variability through genic microsatellite markers for essential oil in Sandalwood (Santalum album L.)

3 Biotech ◽

10.1007/s13205-019-1758-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tanzeem Fatima ◽

Ashutosh Srivastava ◽

P. V. Somashekar ◽

Vageeshbabu S. Hanur ◽

M. Srinivasa Rao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Santalum Album ◽

Santalum Album L

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Antioxidant and stress modulatory efficacy of essential oil extracted from plantation-grown Santalum album L.

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111623 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 140 ◽

pp. 111623 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohankumar A. ◽

Kalaiselvi D. ◽

Levenson C. ◽

Shanmugam G. ◽

Thiruppathi G. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Santalum Album ◽

Santalum Album L

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Histochemical basis of the distinct anatomical features and characterization of primary and secondary metabolites during somatic embryogenesis in Santalum album L.

Trees ◽

10.1007/s00468-021-02199-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Manokari M. ◽

Saurabhkumar R. Mehta ◽

Priyadharshini S. ◽

Mahesh Kumar Badhepuri ◽

Jayaprakash K. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Santalum Album ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽

Santalum Album L

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Optimization of Different Factors for Initiation of Somatic Embryogenesis in Suspension Cultures in Sandalwood (Santalum album L.)

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7050118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 118

Author(s):

Manoj Kumar Tripathi ◽

Niraj Tripathi ◽

Sushma Tiwari ◽

Gyanendra Tiwari ◽

Nishi Mishra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Suspension ◽

Nutrient Medium ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Cell Suspension Cultures ◽

Suspension Cultures ◽

Embryonic Axis ◽

Santalum Album ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Santalum Album L ◽

Embryogenic Tissues

Santalum album (L.) is a prized tropical tree species of high therapeutic and industrial importance. The wood of these naturally grown plants is extensively harvested to acquire therapeutically important metabolite santalol and be used for additional functions such as in wood statuette industries. Due to high demand, it is crucial to maintain a sufficient plant population. An easy protocol for establishing cell suspension culture initiated from the loose embryogenic callus mass of sandalwood was realized by shifting 6–8-week-old morphogenic calli acquired from the mature embryonic axis and cotyledon explant cultures in fluid media. The asynchronous embryogenic cultures were sloughed with clumps of flourishing cell clumps and embryos of various progressive phases along with diffident non-embryogenic tissues. The frequency of embryo proliferation was evidenced to determinethe expansion pace of embryogenic masses under diverse conditions. The intonation of initiation and creation of cell suspension was under the directive of the influence of exogenous plant growth regulators amended in the nutrient medium at different concentrations and combinations. Maximum relative growth rate (386%) and clumps/embryoids in elevated integers (321.44) were accomplished on MS nutrient medium fortified with 2.0 mg L−1 2,4-D in association with 0.5 mg L−1 BA and 30.0 g L−1 sucrose raised from mature embryonic axis-derived calli. Plantlet regeneration in higher frequency (84.43%) was evidenced on MS medium amended with 1.0 mg L−1 each of TDZ and GA3 in conjunction with 0.5 mg L−1 NAA and 20.0 g L−1 sucrose. Mature embryonic axis-derived calli were found to be constantly better than mature cotyledon-derived calli for raising profitable and reproducible cell suspension cultures. Regenerants displayed normal growth and morphology and were founded successfully in the external environment after hardening.

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