Electrocardiographic Pattern of Agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha)  Chemically Contained by the Association of Ketamine and Xylazine

Background: The agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha, Wagler, 1831) is an existing wild rodent in almost all of Brazil, used as a biological model in several scientific studies. Veterinary cardiology has showed great advances in the diagnostic area due to the possibility of cardiac evaluation by non-invasive methods. For the practice of scientific or handling procedures in wild animals, chemical containment is essential. Thus, it is important to know the effect of anesthetic protocols on the cardiovascular system, observed through complementary tests, such as the electrocardiogram. The objective of this study was to describe the computerized electrocardiographic tracing of agoutis chemically contained by the association of Ketamine and Xylazine.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen male and female clinically healthy animals, aged among 2 years, submitted to digital electrocardiographic examination, were used. The device used to obtain the tracing was the veterinary electrocardiograph (Electrocardiogram Acquisition Module for Computer) - Brazilian Electronic Technology (TEB). The analysis was always made from derivation II (DII). Chemical containment was performed by the combination of Ketamine and Xylazine, intramuscularly. The results showed that the heart rate for males was on average 113.25 bpm, while for females the value of 124.60 bpm was observed, and there was no significant difference between the genders (P > 0.05). The mean weight of males was 2.31 kg and for females 2.28 kg; there was no statistical difference for this variable (P > 0.05). For the QRS duration of 46.14 ± 5.05 ms (males) and 44.66 ± 5.94 ms (females) and PR interval of 79.94 ± 12.01ms (males) and 84.29 ± 12.37ms (females), there was no statistical difference (P > 0.05). The amplitude of the R wave of 0.42 ± 0.31 mV (males) and 0.36 ± 0.22 mV (females) showed no statistical difference (P > 0.05). The T wave showed itself both negative (10 animals) and positive (8 animals), with amplitude measured at 0.24 ± 0.16 mV for males and 0.25 ± 0.10 mV for females (P > 0.05). The anesthetic protocol was well tolerated by the animals of this experiment, and there were no episodes of arrhythmias during the time of their monitoring.Discussion: Wild animals, in general, need chemical containment, with a view to reducing stress during scientific and handling procedures. The protocols established in this work can be used in future experiments which require a longer handling time. The values found for heart rate (HR) of anesthetized agoutis were lower than those for non-anesthetized agoutis, proving the influence of the stress during retention and the depressant cardiovascular effect of the anesthetic drug used. The electrocardiographic parameters and the tracing morphology of the agoutis were like the results found for anesthetized small rodents. The QT interval was higher in males than in females, justifying the fact that it could be influenced by variations in HR, which also showed superior results for males. Taking into consideration the morphological similarity between different individuals, the QT interval in anesthetized agoutis did not present significant differences between the genders, a characteristic also found in ferrets. The animals of this experiment were submitted to food fasting, a fact that contributed to a better standardization of the experiment, preventing alterations in the morphology of the QRS complex, which could lead to changes in the measurements.

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Characteristic Electrocardiography Findings of COVID-19 Patients

Archives of Iranian Medicine ◽

10.34172/aim.2021.103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (9) ◽

pp. 706-712

Author(s):

Ali Gur ◽

Zeynep Ulutas

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Qt Interval ◽

Patient Management ◽

Sinus Tachycardia ◽

Control Group ◽

Acute Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pr Interval ◽

Bundle Branch Blocks

Background: Determining a relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the ECG findings of the patients with this disease can assist in early diagnosis and patient management based on these findings. This study aimed to investigate whether COVID-19 patients had characteristic ECG findings in the acute period. Methods: A total of 124 patients were divided into two groups as those diagnosed with COVID-19 and controls. The ECGs of these patients were evaluated in terms of rate, rhythm, presence of ST changes, PR interval, QRS width, QTc and QT interval, and presence of right and left bundle branch blocks. Results: On the ECG, the median heart rate of the COVID-19 patients was 104/min (IQR: 99–114), and there was a significant difference compared to the control group (P<0.001). The median PR interval was 157/ms, the QRS width was 86 ± 9/ms in the COVID-19 patients, with no significant difference compared to the controls (P = 0.161 and P = 0.631, respectively). The median QT interval of the COVID-19 patients was normal (400/ms), but a significant difference was detected compared to the controls (P = 0.005). The QTc, ST change, AF, and presence of right and left bundle branch blocks were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Considering the importance of ECG findings in order to diagnose COVID-19 disease early, we can state that sinus tachycardia is very common in COVID-19 patients, but there is no characteristic ECG finding for COVID-19, including tachycardia.

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Hypoxic Challenge Testing (Fitness to Fly) in children with complex congenital heart disease

Heart ◽

10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312753 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 104 (16) ◽

pp. 1333-1338 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nitha Naqvi ◽

Victoria L Doughty ◽

Luke Starling ◽

Rodney C Franklin ◽

Simon Ward ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Qt Interval ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Supplemental Oxygen ◽

Complex Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Challenge Testing ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fraction Of Inspired Oxygen

ObjectiveCommercial airplanes fly with an equivalent cabin fraction of inspired oxygen of 0.15, leading to reduced oxygen saturation (SpO2) in passengers. How this affects children with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) is unknown. We conducted Hypoxic Challenge Testing (HCT) to assess need for inflight supplemental oxygen.MethodsChildren aged <16 years had a standard HCT. They were grouped as (A) normal versus abnormal baseline SpO2 (≥95% vs <95%) and (B) absence versus presence of an actual/potential right-to-left (R–L) shunt. We measured SpO2, heart rate, QT interval corrected for heart rate and partial pressure of carbon dioxide measured transcutaneously (PtcCO2). A test failed when children with (1) normal baseline SpO2 desaturated to 85%, (2) baseline SpO285%–94% desaturated by 15% of baseline; and (3) baseline SpO275%–84% desaturated to 70%.ResultsThere were 68 children, mean age 3.3 years (range 10 weeks–14.5 years). Children with normal (n=36) baseline SpO2 desaturated from median 99% to 91%, P<0.0001, and 3/36 (8%) failed the test. Those with abnormal baseline SpO2 (n=32) desaturated from median 84% to 76%, P<0.0001, and 5/32 (16%) failed (no significant difference between groups). Children with no R–L shunt (n=25) desaturated from median 99% to 93%, P<0.0001, but 0/25 failed. Those with an actual/potential R–L shunt (n=43) desaturated from median 87% to 78%, P<0.0001, and 8/43 (19%) failed (difference between groups P<0.02). PtcCO2, heart rate and QT interval corrected for heart rate were unaffected by the hypoxic state.ConclusionsThis is the first evidence to help guide which children with CHD need a preflight HCT. We suggest all children with an actual or potential R–L shunt should be tested.

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Effect of Various Concentrations of Lignocaine & Adrenaline Combination as Local Anesthetic on ECG Parameters of Patients Undergoing Dental Procedures

International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research ◽

10.31878/ijcbr.2019.52.07 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 32-37

Author(s):

Sinare B R ◽

Annasaheb Gagare ◽

Chinmaye Batwal ◽

Liz Thaliath ◽

Prashant Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Systemic Absorption ◽

Qtc Interval ◽

Qtc Dispersion ◽

Rr Interval ◽

Dental Procedures ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pr Interval ◽

Group A

Background: Systemic absorption of local anesthetics occurs due to its local vasodilator effects. This leads to inhibitory action on the heart which is represented in the form of a decrease in conduction rate, the excitability of myocardium and force of contraction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Lignocaine and adrenaline combinations on electrocardiogram undergoing dental procedures. Methods: This was a prospective, observational clinical study done in collaboration with the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. All patients scheduled for oral surgeries under local anesthesia with Lignocaine 2% and adrenaline (1:80000 or 1:200000) combination of age 18 years or above 150 patients were included in the study. Patients with a history of hepatic, renal, cardiovascular and thyroid disorders were excluded from the study. A standard 12-lead ECG (25 mm/s) was recorded for each patient before administration of drugs (Basal), during the dental procedure (Intraoperative) and immediately after completion of surgical procedure. Results: There was no statistically significant difference seen between the Group A (Lignocaine 2% with 1:80000 adrenaline) and B (Lignocaine 2% with 1:200000 adrenaline) when the age, gender, PR interval, RR interval, mean QT & QTc dispersion, and heart rate were compared. Statistically significant difference was seen in comparing the mean QT & QTc interval, which was higher in Group A. ECG parameters in Group A and B showed a statistically significant decrease in PR interval, RR interval, QT interval, QTc interval, QT dispersion and QTc dispersion, with the basal, was compared with intraoperative and postoperative findings. The increase in heart rate although was statistically significant in both the groups, it was always within normal limits suggestive of no clinical significance. There was a statistically significant decrease in QT and QTc interval, QT and QTc dispersion. The change in all these parameters was within the physiologic range. All these relevant parameters for cardiac arrhythmias did not show any arrhythmogenic potential of lignocaine-adrenaline combination in both the groups. Both the combinations are comparable with each other in terms of ECG parameters with changes more with group A suggesting the effect of increased concentration of adrenaline. The change in the heart rate and ECG parameters in both the study group might be attributed to the presence of adrenaline in the combination. No cardiovascular morbidities were observed except palpitation. Conclusion: Thus it can be very well concluded that the effects of lignocaine-adrenaline combinations on electrocardiographic parameters are minimal and clinically irrelevant. Both the combination appears to be safe to use in healthy individuals. Keywords: Adrenaline; Lignocaine; ECG parameters; Dental procedures.

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24-hour Holter findings in infants with in utero exposure to Zika virus: a cross-sectional study.

10.21203/rs.2.14894/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Dulce Helena Gonçalves Orofino ◽

Sonia Regina Lambert Passos ◽

Sheila Moura Pone ◽

Marcos Silva Pone ◽

Elisa Barroso de Aguiar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Qt Interval ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Discharge Data ◽

Whitney Test ◽

Mann Whitney Test ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background : Antenatal exposure to the Zika virus (ZIKV) is related to severe neurological, ophthalmological and orthopedic manifestations called congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), but no changes in the electrical activity of the heart have been found. A higher prevalence of structural cardiac changes has been described in CZS patients when compared to the general population of live births. To describe 24-hour Holter findings in infants with confirmed antenatal exposure to ZIKV. Methods : Cross-sectional study of 24-hour Holter findings in infants with antenatal exposure to ZIKV confirmed by positive polymerase chain reaction(PCR) . Patients of the cohort of newborns and infants exposed intrautero to the ZIKV which began in November 2015 and continues to date and were hospitalized for clinical or surgical reasons were included. The 24-hour Holter monitoring was performed the day before discharge. Data analysis was descriptive and included subgroups of patients according to the presence of CZS and severe microcephaly. Heart rate, ST segment, QT interval and arrhythmias were evaluated. To evaluate heart rate variability (HRV) we used time domain analysis. The Mann-Whitney test was performed to verify significant differences between the subgroups of patients. Results : The sample consisted of 15 infants with average age of 16 months and 12 were diagnosed with CZS (8 had severe microcephaly). PCR at birth was positive in 8 newborn and 7 had positive maternal PCR during pregnancy. No arrhythmias or QT interval changes were observed. The Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference between patients with and without CZS and with and without severe microcephaly, with HRV being lower in the groups with severe microcephaly and CZS. Conclusions : The study suggests that the HRV evaluation can be used as a sentinel event to assess the possibility of progressive neurological impairment in newborns with antenatal exposure to ZIKV, allowing early initiation of stimulation therapies in addition to indicating that cardiovascular complications may arise in the medium and long term.

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Heart rate, PR‐interval and QT‐interval responses to 24hrs hyperoxia in Bmp2 and Bmp4 heterozygous mice

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.lb664 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Reuben Howden ◽

Ian Cooley ◽

Caitlin Van Dodewaard ◽

Susan Arthur ◽

Samantha Cividanes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Qt Interval ◽

Pr Interval

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ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IMAGES OF PIGS (Sus scrofa) ANESTHETIZED WITH A COMBINATION OF KETAMINE-MEDETOMIDIN AND KETAMINE-ACEPROMAZIN

Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan - Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v14i4.16984 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Anggun Safitri ◽

Gunanti Gunanti ◽

Deni Noviana ◽

Sus Derthi Widhyari

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Qt Interval ◽

Heart Rhythm ◽

Front Wall ◽

Average Heart Rate ◽

T Wave ◽

Group I ◽

St Segment ◽

Pr Interval ◽

Ecg Leads

This study aims to evaluate and compare the effects of the combination of ketamine-medetomidine and ketamine-acepromazine anesthesia on pig electrocardiogram (ECG) images. The study was conducted to see the ECG Leads II in six pigs which were divided into two groups. Group I (K1) was given a combination of ketamine (10 mg/kg BW) and medetomidine (0.08 mg/kg BW), while Group II (K2) was given a combination of ketamine (22 mg/kg BW) and acepromazine (1.1 mg/kg BW) intramuscularly. ECG recording was performed after the pigs were anesthetized at the surgical stage by attaching the recording electrodes to the front wall of the chest, front left and right ankles, and back right and left back ankles. The ECG recording used 1 voltage (1 cm = 1mV) with a speed of 25 mm/sec. The parameters observed were heart rate frequency, heart rhythm, P duration, P amplitude, PR interval, R amplitude, QRS interval, QT interval, ST segment, T wave, and Mean Electrical Axis (MEA). Data obtained from this study were analyzed by T-test. The results showed that K1 had an average heart rate of 100 x/minute, regular heart rhythm, P duration of 0.07 sec, P amplitude of 0.27 mV, PR interval of 0.17 sec, R amplitude of 0.75 mV, QRS interval of 0.05 sec, QT interval of 0.20 sec, ST segment of 0.17sec, T wave of 0.17 mV, and MEA of 83.60°; meanwhile, K2 had an average heart rate of 122 x/minute, regular heart rhythm, P duration of 0.06 mm/sec, P amplitude of 0.23 mV, PR interval of 0.14 sec, R amplitude of 0.80 mV, QRS interval of 0.04 sec, QT interval of 0.16 sec, ST segment of 0.14 sec, T wave of 0.12 mV, and MEA of 68.60. The ketamine-medetomidine combination produced good quality of anesthetics for the cardiovascular system.

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Electrocardiographic patterns of Mangalarga Marchador horses before and after implementation of the marcha gait

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20150873 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 915-920 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Clarisse Simões Coelho ◽

Gabriella Agra de Omena e Silva ◽

Luiz Antonio Trindade Oliveira Junior ◽

Vanessa Sartor Moraes ◽

Laura Monteiro de Castro Conti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Qt Interval ◽

P Wave ◽

Qrs Complex ◽

Sinus Arrhythmia ◽

Qt Intervals ◽

Pr Interval ◽

Before And After ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽

Electrocardiographic Parameters ◽

T Waves

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrocardiographic parameters in Mangalarga Marchador horses submitted to marcha exercise. Twenty-four Mangalarga Marchador horses, thirteen females and eleven males, 6.4±2.7 years old with a mean weight of 428.3±24.7kg, were used. Electrocardiograms were recorded in two different moments: rest and immediately after exercise (40 minutes of aerobic exercise, marcha gait). The electrocardiographic variables analyzed were cardiac rhythm, heart rate (HR), duration of P wave, QRS complex, PR and QT intervals, amplitudes of P, R and T waves, and analysis of QT corrected (QTc) according to Bazett's formula (QT/√RR). Variables were analyzed for normality with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and paired t-test, considering P<0.05. Rhythm analysis revealed 91.7% of sinus rhythm and 8.3% of sinus arrhythmia in rest, with mean HR of 45.7±12.7 beats minute-1, and 100% of sinus tachycardia, with mean HR of 77.3±13.5 beats minute-1 after exercise (P<0.0001). In post-exercise, it was possible to observe decreases in P wave duration (P=0.0121), PR interval (P=0.0007) and QT interval (P<0.0001) and increase of QTc (P=0.0039) and R wave amplitude (P=0.0033). There were no significant differences for amplitude of P and T waves and QRS complex related to atrioventricular enlargement. Although QT interval decreased after exercise, there was an increase on QTc after exercise, indicating changes in ventricular repolarization. It was possible to conclude that the imposed exercise (marcha gait) led to electrocardiographic alterations without causing pathological arrhythmias.

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Electrocardiographic profile of guinea pig heart submitted to Ginkgo biloba extract and its terpenoids

Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais ◽

10.1590/1983-084x/12_167 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 819-825

Author(s):

A.C.O. Santos ◽

J.A.S. Souza ◽

E.A. Conde-Garcia ◽

A.A. Souza ◽

J.E.R. Menezes-Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Qt Interval ◽

Ginkgo Biloba Extract ◽

Av Block ◽

Channel Block ◽

Guinea Pig Heart ◽

Pr Interval ◽

Arrhythmogenic Potential ◽

Electrocardiographic Parameters

Electrocardiographic effects produced by Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) and by ginkgolides A (GA) and B (GB), and bilobalide (BB) were investigated in guinea pig heart mounted in Langendorff apparatus (Tyrode, 34 ± 0.1 ºC, 95% O2, 5% CO2). Electrocardiographic parameters were evaluated in the conditions: 1) control with Tyrode and DMSO, 2) EGb (n=4), GA (n=5), GB (n=5) or BB (n=6), and 3) washout. The results showed that 0.1 and 1.0 mg/ml of EGb do not change the electrocardiographic parameters. However, 10 mg/ml of EGb increased the PR interval (PRi) at 21% (p<0.001). This increase was also observed for 50 mM GA (20%, p<0.001) and 70 mM BB (13%, p<0.001), which indicates Ca2+ channel block. However, the 50 mM GB reduced the PRi at 11 % (p<0.001). The GA (23%, p<0.001), GB (16%, p<0.001), and BB (40%, p<0.001) reduced the QT interval (QTi), which suggests the activation of the potassium channel. However, EGb increased QTi (6%, p<0.001). The EGb (28%, p<0.05) and GB (13%, p<0.05) reduced the heart rate. Atrioventricular (AV) block was observed with EGb, GA, and BB. We can conclude that EGb and its terpenoids alter the ECG parameters inducing AV block, which indicates possible arrhythmogenic potential.

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Gender-age features of cardiac electrophysiological changes IN patients with arterial hypertension.

Arterial’naya Gipertenziya (Arterial Hypertension) ◽

10.18705/1607-419x-2009-15-1-57-64 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 57-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Kh. Gimayev ◽

V. I. Ruzov ◽

V. A. Razin ◽

E. E. Yudina

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

High Frequency ◽

Qt Interval ◽

Qt Interval Prolongation ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Patients ◽

Age Features ◽

Qt Interval Duration

Aim. The research addresses gender-age features of cardiac electrophysiological changes in patients with arterial hypertension based on a standard electrocardiogram, high-frequency electrocardiogram and cardiointervalography data. Materials and methods. 171 patients with arterial hypertension (97 men and 74 women) aged between 30 -73 years were included. Standard 12- lead electrocardiogram, high-frequency electrocardiogram with the analysis of late potentials of atria (LPA) and ventricles (LPV), and cardiointervalography with an estimation of heart rate variability were performed in all patients. Results. It is stated, that in patients with arterial hypertension, processes of cardiac electrophysiological changes are gender-and-age dependent. In our study women showed a longer QT interval as compared to men, but QT interval prolongation did not depend on the stage of the disease. No essential sexual distinctions were found in QT interval dispersion. LPA were registered more often in male patients, while there was no significant difference in LPV registration. It is worth noting that discussed changes are observed in patients with arterial hypertension, while no significant difference was found in patients without cardiac pathology. Therefore, men show a higher sympathetic activity influencing heart rate in comparison with women. Increased QT interval duration and dispersion was found in older patients with arterial hypertension, while no distinctions in LPA and LPV registration were observed.

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ECG abnormalities among HIV infected children placed on ART at Enugu, South East of Nigeria

African Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ahs.v20i4.26 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 1742-8

Author(s):

Emeka Spiff Eleazar ◽

Clara Idara Eleazar ◽

Daniel Chukwu Nwachukwu ◽

Uchenna Ifeanyi Nwagha

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Control Group ◽

Qtc Interval ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Keywords Hiv ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pr Interval ◽

Qrs Duration

Background: Cardiovascular abnormalities are not much reported among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children especially in Africa where there is high HIV disease. In addition, the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in such children may have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system. Methods: Cross-sectional study of randomly selected eighty HIV infected and 80 aged matched non- HIV-infected chil- dren were used. HIV-infected children were on HAART for more than 5years and had steadily received the treatment for 6 months prior to the time of the tests. Heights and weights were measured and body mass index calculated. Cardiac indi- ces evaluated were heart rate (HR), PR interval, QRS duration, QT/QTC Interval, P/QRS/T Axis, RV5/SV1 voltage and RV5+SV1 voltage. Results: The average heart rate was significantly higher among HIV infected children on HAART than their non-infected counterparts (P= 0.019). At 0.05 significance level, their PR interval was significantly higher than those in the control group (P=0.050). The average QRS duration result also showed a significant difference between that of test and control subjects (P = 0.022) Conclusion: The HAART usage possibly improved the cardiovascular functioning in the infected children but the protective effects diminish with increase age and longer exposure. Keywords: HIV; cardiovascular; children; HAART.

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