scholarly journals ECG abnormalities among HIV infected children placed on ART at Enugu, South East of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1742-8
Author(s):  
Emeka Spiff Eleazar ◽  
Clara Idara Eleazar ◽  
Daniel Chukwu Nwachukwu ◽  
Uchenna Ifeanyi Nwagha
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pr Interval ◽  
Qrs Duration

Background: Cardiovascular abnormalities are not much reported among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children especially in Africa where there is high HIV disease. In addition, the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in such children may have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system. Methods: Cross-sectional study of randomly selected eighty HIV infected and 80 aged matched non- HIV-infected chil- dren were used. HIV-infected children were on HAART for more than 5years and had steadily received the treatment for 6 months prior to the time of the tests. Heights and weights were measured and body mass index calculated. Cardiac indi- ces evaluated were heart rate (HR), PR interval, QRS duration, QT/QTC Interval, P/QRS/T Axis, RV5/SV1 voltage and RV5+SV1 voltage. Results: The average heart rate was significantly higher among HIV infected children on HAART than their non-infected counterparts (P= 0.019). At 0.05 significance level, their PR interval was significantly higher than those in the control group (P=0.050). The average QRS duration result also showed a significant difference between that of test and control subjects (P = 0.022) Conclusion: The HAART usage possibly improved the cardiovascular functioning in the infected children but the protective effects diminish with increase age and longer exposure. Keywords: HIV; cardiovascular; children; HAART.

scholarly journals Electrocardiographic Changes during Normal Pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 035-038
Author(s):  
Beeram Sumalatha ◽  
Maddury Jyotsna ◽  
Garre Indrani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cardiovascular Changes ◽  
Pr Interval ◽  
Qrs Duration ◽  
The Mean

Background Pregnancy is a physiologic condition which is unique in that it alters the physiology of each organ in the body. Cardiovascular changes during pregnancy are significant and start at 6 to 8 weeks of gestation. Physiologic cardiovascular changes during pregnancy suggest the chance of altered electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters during pregnancy. Study of variations in ECG in normal pregnant women serves as a basis to detect pathologic changes in pregnant women. Material and Methods This is a cross-sectional data of case series of pregnant women across all stages of gestation who attended antenatal clinic of our teaching hospital, on Women's Day (March 8, 2017). A 12-lead ECG was recorded in all the participants in supine position. The parameters noted from the ECG include heart rate, PR interval, QRS duration, QRS axis, corrected QT (QTc) interval, and ST-T changes. Results Total 151 pregnant women were studied. The average age was 23.38 ± 3.49 years. With respect to gestational age, 12 (7.94%), 48 (31.78%), and 91 (60.26%) women were in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. With respect to parity, 60 (39.7%) were primigravidae and 91 (60.26%) were multigravidae. The mean ECG heart rate was increased (100.15 ± 12.48 beats/min). The mean systolic blood pressure (109.67 ± 9.34 mm Hg) and the mean diastolic blood pressure (71.32 ± 6.89 mm Hg) were decreased. The mean of ECG intervals and durations (PR, QRS, QTc) were in normal range (0.14 ± 0.01, 0.08 ± 0.008, and 407.83 ± 11.98, respectively). There was no abnormal P-wave dispersion. Even though the QTc was in normal range in 63.56% of pregnant women, this parameter was in upper quadrant of the normal range. General linear regression demonstrated that systolic blood pressure and palpitations were the only variables to independently predict QTc in upper quadrant of normal range (p = 0.05, 0.03, respectively). Conclusion The cardiovascular hemodynamic adaptation to pregnancy is a well-established fact that is also seen in our study. There is shortening of PR interval and QRS duration. Even though QTc is with in normal range, in more than half (63.56%) of pregnant women, it is in the upper quadrant of the normal range.

scholarly journals Effect of Various Concentrations of Lignocaine & Adrenaline Combination as Local Anesthetic on ECG Parameters of Patients Undergoing Dental Procedures

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Sinare B R ◽  
Annasaheb Gagare ◽  
Chinmaye Batwal ◽  
Liz Thaliath ◽  
Prashant Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Systemic Absorption ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Qtc Dispersion ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pr Interval ◽  
Group A

Background: Systemic absorption of local anesthetics occurs due to its local vasodilator effects. This leads to inhibitory action on the heart which is represented in the form of a decrease in conduction rate, the excitability of myocardium and force of contraction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Lignocaine and adrenaline combinations on electrocardiogram undergoing dental procedures. Methods: This was a prospective, observational clinical study done in collaboration with the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. All patients scheduled for oral surgeries under local anesthesia with Lignocaine 2% and adrenaline (1:80000 or 1:200000) combination of age 18 years or above 150 patients were included in the study. Patients with a history of hepatic, renal, cardiovascular and thyroid disorders were excluded from the study. A standard 12-lead ECG (25 mm/s) was recorded for each patient before administration of drugs (Basal), during the dental procedure (Intraoperative) and immediately after completion of surgical procedure. Results: There was no statistically significant difference seen between the Group A (Lignocaine 2% with 1:80000 adrenaline) and B (Lignocaine 2% with 1:200000 adrenaline) when the age, gender, PR interval, RR interval, mean QT & QTc dispersion, and heart rate were compared. Statistically significant difference was seen in comparing the mean QT & QTc interval, which was higher in Group A. ECG parameters in Group A and B showed a statistically significant decrease in PR interval, RR interval, QT interval, QTc interval, QT dispersion and QTc dispersion, with the basal, was compared with intraoperative and postoperative findings. The increase in heart rate although was statistically significant in both the groups, it was always within normal limits suggestive of no clinical significance. There was a statistically significant decrease in QT and QTc interval, QT and QTc dispersion. The change in all these parameters was within the physiologic range. All these relevant parameters for cardiac arrhythmias did not show any arrhythmogenic potential of lignocaine-adrenaline combination in both the groups. Both the combinations are comparable with each other in terms of ECG parameters with changes more with group A suggesting the effect of increased concentration of adrenaline. The change in the heart rate and ECG parameters in both the study group might be attributed to the presence of adrenaline in the combination. No cardiovascular morbidities were observed except palpitation. Conclusion: Thus it can be very well concluded that the effects of lignocaine-adrenaline combinations on electrocardiographic parameters are minimal and clinically irrelevant. Both the combination appears to be safe to use in healthy individuals. Keywords: Adrenaline; Lignocaine; ECG parameters; Dental procedures.

scholarly journals Validation of a 6-lead smartphone ECG against 12-lead ECG in athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Orchard ◽  
JW Orchard ◽  
H Raju ◽  
A La Gerche ◽  
R Puranik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Complete Agreement ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Pr Interval ◽  
Qrs Duration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): JO is supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program scholarship. CS is the recipient of a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Practitioner Fellowship (#1154992). Background Athletes sometimes experience transient arrhythmias during intense exercise, which may be difficult to capture with traditional monitors. New highly portable technology, such as smartphone electrocardiogram (ECG) devices, may be useful in documenting and diagnosing exercise-induced arrhythmias. Accuracy of the Kardia single-lead ECG (1L) has been documented, but little data exists for the 6-lead device (6L). Purpose To examine the level of similarity between resting 6L and 12L readings to build evidence for the utility of the 6L as a practical diagnostic tool in athletes. Methods Participants (n = 30 healthy athletes, mean age 18.9 years, 57% male) had a resting supine 12-lead ECG (12L) as part of cardiac screening required by their sport. Within 1 hour, a 30 second 6L reading (leads I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF) was taken whilst seated. Data were analysed by 4 expert cardiologists. Manual measurements were taken for PR, QT and RR intervals and QRS duration using EPS digital calipers. To calculate mean 6L RR interval and QT prior to QTc, <10 sequential RR/QT measurements were taken from the middle 10 seconds. QTc was calculated using Bazett’s formula. ECGs were reviewed for rhythm and presence of atrial/ventricular ectopics. Continuous variables were expressed as the mean of 4 cardiologists’ values ± standard deviation. Two-tailed paired t-tests were used to compare continuous variables (p < 0.05 significant). Bland-Altman plots were used to assess quantitative agreement between QRS axis and mean values for QTc interval, QRS duration and PR interval for paired 6L and 12L ECGs. Results There were relatively high levels of agreement between the mean 6L and 12L measures for QTc and PR interval and QRS duration, with the 6L readings slightly but significantly shorter on average. The largest difference was seen in the QTc intervals (391ms vs 401ms, p = 0.003). The 6L QRS durations were shorter on average by 3ms (89ms vs 92ms, p = 0.025) and PR intervals were shorter on average by 6ms (163ms vs 169ms, p < 0.001). There was complete agreement for all cardiologists for sinus rhythm and the presence of ectopics for the 6L and 12L readings. Conclusions The 6L readings had relatively high agreement with the 12L. All 6L measures (except heart rate) were slightly shorter on average than 12L. These small differences are unlikely to have any clinical significance, and are similar to findings comparing the 1L to 12L. 6L heart rates were slightly higher, which is best explained by seated compared to lying position. The reading with the greatest variation was QT interval, some of which is explained by heart rate variation. These pilot data suggest the 6L is sufficiently accurate to be useful in an athletic population as an event monitor for exercise-induced arrhythmias. This may provide more useful diagnostic data than the 1L. Larger studies showing higher levels of agreement with 12L would be required to expand the role of 6L beyond an event monitor. Abstract Figure 1: 6L device, Bland-Altman plots

scholarly journals Characteristic Electrocardiography Findings of COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 706-712
Author(s):  
Ali Gur ◽  
Zeynep Ulutas
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Qt Interval ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Sinus Tachycardia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pr Interval ◽  
Bundle Branch Blocks

Background: Determining a relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the ECG findings of the patients with this disease can assist in early diagnosis and patient management based on these findings. This study aimed to investigate whether COVID-19 patients had characteristic ECG findings in the acute period. Methods: A total of 124 patients were divided into two groups as those diagnosed with COVID-19 and controls. The ECGs of these patients were evaluated in terms of rate, rhythm, presence of ST changes, PR interval, QRS width, QTc and QT interval, and presence of right and left bundle branch blocks. Results: On the ECG, the median heart rate of the COVID-19 patients was 104/min (IQR: 99–114), and there was a significant difference compared to the control group (P<0.001). The median PR interval was 157/ms, the QRS width was 86 ± 9/ms in the COVID-19 patients, with no significant difference compared to the controls (P = 0.161 and P = 0.631, respectively). The median QT interval of the COVID-19 patients was normal (400/ms), but a significant difference was detected compared to the controls (P = 0.005). The QTc, ST change, AF, and presence of right and left bundle branch blocks were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Considering the importance of ECG findings in order to diagnose COVID-19 disease early, we can state that sinus tachycardia is very common in COVID-19 patients, but there is no characteristic ECG finding for COVID-19, including tachycardia.

Clinical-Reported Outcomes Of Deferoxamine Versus Deferasirox In The Treatment Of Homozygous BetaThalassemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeina A Munim Al-Thanoon ◽  
Zeina A Munim Al-Thanoon ◽  
Mustafa Basil ◽  
Nasih A Al-Kazzaz
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Iron Chelator ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multiple Blood ◽  
Group 2

Iron chelation therapy with deferoxamine (DFO),the current standard for the treatment of iron overload in patients with betathalassemia,requires regular subcutaneous or intravenous infusions. This can lead to reduced quality of life and poor adherence,resulting in increased morbidity and mortality in iron-overloaded patients with beta-thalassemia. Deferasirox (DFX) is an orally administered iron chelator that has been approved for use in many countries. The requirement of an effective,well tolerated iron chelator with a less demanding mode of administration has led to the development of deferasirox. The present study was aimed to compare the satisfaction and compliance with deferoxamine versus deferasirox (Exjade®),a novel oral iron chelator in patients with transfusion - dependent beta- thalassemia. A cross-sectional,single-center investigation study was carried out in the Thalassemia Center of Ibn-Atheer Teaching Hospital in Nineveh province,Iraq. One hundred and eight thalassemic patients aged between 2- 20 years old having received multiple blood transfusions and a serum ferritin greater than 1500 ng/ml. Patients were randomised into two groups. Group 1 received deferoxamine at a dose of 20-50mg/kg/day and group 2 received deferasirox at the dose of 10-30 mg/kg/day. Another 56 apparently healthy volunteers were used as a control group. The assessment of chelation was done during the period between November 2013 and February 2014 by measurement of serum ferritin. Satisfaction and compliance was assessed by using a special questionnaire prepared by the researcher. Out of the 108 thalassemic patients enrolled there was no discontinuation in treatment with the two drugs under study. The serum ferritin did not change significantly in any of the chelation groups. In comparison with the patients who were treated with DFO,those receiving DFX reported a significantly higher rate of compliance and satisfaction (P < 0.05). However,no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding their satisfaction (P > 0.05).Compliance with deferasirox (50 %) was more than that with deferoxamine (20 %). Satisfaction with deferoxamine was significantly lower than deferasirox (p= 0.00).

scholarly journals Blastocystis sp. Carriage and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Is the Association Already Established?

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Fernando Salvador ◽  
Beatriz Lobo ◽  
Lidia Goterris ◽  
Carmen Alonso-Cotoner ◽  
Javier Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blastocystis Sp ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects

Background: The aim of the present study is to describe the occurrence of Blastocystis sp. detection among asymptomatic subjects and patients with irritable bowel syndrome in order to evaluate the potential association between irritable bowel syndrome and the parasitic infection. Methods: Cross-sectional study where adult patients with irritable bowel syndrome diagnosed according to Rome IV criteria were included. A control group was formed by asymptomatic subjects older than 18 years. Exclusion criteria were: immunosuppressive condition or having received any drug with demonstrated activity against Blastocystis sp. within the last 6 months before study inclusion. Epidemiological and clinical information was collected from all included participants. Two stool samples were obtained from all participants: one sample for microscopic examination and one sample for Blastocystis sp. PCR detection. Blastocystis sp. infection was defined by the positivity of any of the diagnostic techniques. Results: Seventy-two participants were included (36 asymptomatic subjects and 36 patients with irritable bowel syndrome). Thirty-five (48.6%) were men, and median age of participants was 34 (IQR 29–49) years. The overall rate of Blastocystis sp. carriage was 27.8% (20/72). The prevalence assessed through microscopic examination was 22.2% (16/72), while the prevalence measured by PCR was 15.3% (11/72). When comparing the presence of Blastocystis sp. between asymptomatic subjects and IBS patients, we did not find any statistically significant difference (36.1% vs. 19.4% respectively, p = 0.114). Conclusions: regarding the occurrence of Blastocystis sp., no differences were found between asymptomatic participants and patients with irritable bowel disease irrespective of the diagnostic technique performed.

scholarly journals Associations between left bundle branch block with different PR intervals, QRS durations, heart rates and the risk of heart failure: a register-based cohort study using ECG data from the primary care setting

Open Heart ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001425
Author(s):  
Marc Meller Søndergaard ◽  
Johannes Riis ◽  
Karoline Willum Bodker ◽  
Steen Møller Hansen ◽  
Jesper Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Left Bundle Branch Block ◽  
Bundle Branch Block ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pr Interval ◽  
Qrs Duration ◽  
The Impact

AimLeft bundle branch block (LBBB) is associated with an increased risk of heart failure (HF). We assessed the impact of common ECG parameters on this association using large-scale data.Methods and resultsUsing ECGs recorded in a large primary care population from 2001 to 2011, we identified HF-naive patients with a first-time LBBB ECG. We obtained information on sex, age, emigration, medication, diseases and death from Danish registries. We investigated the association between the PR interval, QRS duration, and heart rate and the risk of HF over a 2-year follow-up period using Cox regression analysis.Of 2471 included patients with LBBB, 464 (18.8%) developed HF during follow-up. A significant interaction was found between QRS duration and heart rate (p<0.01), and the analyses were stratified on these parameters. Using a QRS duration <150 ms and a heart rate <70 beats per minute (bpm) as the reference, all groups were statistically significantly associated with the development of HF. Patients with a QRS duration ≥150 ms and heart rate ≥70 bpm had the highest risk of developing HF (HR 3.17 (95% CI 2.41 to 4.18, p<0.001). There was no association between the PR interval and HF after adjustment.ConclusionProlonged QRS duration and higher heart rate were associated with increased risk of HF among primary care patients with LBBB, while no association was observed with PR interval. Patients with LBBB with both a prolonged QRS duration (≥150 ms) and higher heart rate (≥70 bpm) have the highest risk of developing HF.

scholarly journals Anolunula in Fingernails among Patients Infected with HIV

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Pratik Gahalaut ◽  
Nitin Mishra ◽  
Sandhya Chauhan ◽  
Mir Mubashir Ali ◽  
Madhur Kant Rastogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Negative

Lunula is the white, half-moon shaped area seen in proximal ends of some nails. Though a few studies have described the nail changes that can occur in association with HIV infection, none of these paid much attention to lunula. Aims and Objectives. To study the lunula in fingernails among HIV infected patients. Materials and Methods. An observational, cross-sectional study to record presence of lunula in 168 HIV-positive patients and compare it with age and sex matched 168 healthy HIV-negative control. Anolunula (absence of lunula) in HIV-positive patients was correlated with CD4 counts, stages of HIV infection, time since patient was diagnosed as HIV-positive, and status of antiretroviral therapy. Results. Anolunula was present in significantly more fingernails in HIV-positive patients compared to HIV-negative controls. There was a highly significant difference for total anolunula (anolunula in all fingernails) in study and control group. Incidence of total anolunula was directly proportional to the stage of HIV infection, increasing progressively as the HIV infection advances from stage 1 to stage 4. Conclusion. Absence of lunula is related to not only HIV infection per se but also the stages of HIV infection.

scholarly journals Examination of Haematotoxicity of Fixed-Dose Highly Active Antiretroviral Drug in Albino Wistar Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Thomas Nubila ◽  
Ernest O. Ukaejiofo ◽  
Nkoyo I. Nubila ◽  
Godfrey I. Okorie
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Significant Difference

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is considered toxic and has other life-threatening side effects. Our aim was to evaluate the haematotoxic effects of lamivudine, zidovudine, and nevirapine fixed-dose combinations in Albino Wistar rats. Fifty (50) three (3) months old male Albino Wistar rats weighing between 200 and 250 g were randomly assigned to five (5) groups (A, B, C, D, and E). Group A served as control. Two (2 mLs) of venous blood was aseptically collected on Days 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 of treatment. Red blood cell (RBC) mean value recorded statistically significant increase () in groups B and C when compared with the control group on Day 5. However, there was a statistically significant decrease () in RBC, haemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and some red cell indices on Day 10. In addition there was no statistically significant difference () in all the parameters evaluated when the test group was compared with the control on Day 25. Furthermore, there was a time-related statistically significant increase () in the two major blood cells—RBC and platelet counts. From the result of this present study, it can be concluded that HAART when administered in fixed-dose combinations have no subacute haematotoxic effects.

scholarly journals Variables associated with family breakdown in healthy and obese/ overweigh adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Carla Cristina J. N. de Almeida ◽  
Paula de Oliveira Mora ◽  
Valmir Aparecido de Oliveira ◽  
Camila Aparecida Joao ◽  
Carolina Regina Joao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Family Breakdown

Objective: To evaluate the presence of family breakdown factors among eutrophic and overweight/obese adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 242 students aged between 14 and 19 years old, from a public school. Each student was weighed, measured and answered a questionnaire with closed questions addressing the presence of family breakdown factors. The adolescents were divided in two groups: euthophic and overweight/obese. The answers of both groups were compared by Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of the studied factors between the two groups. Comparing the number of positive answers (presence of family breakdown factors) and negative ones (absence of family breakdown factors), no difference was observed between the groups. Conclusions: The inclusion of a control group showed that factors of family breakdown, usually identified as associated with obesity in adolescents, may also be present in eutrophic adolescents.

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