scholarly journals FROM CONVENIENT HIBERNATION TO CIRCUMSTANTIAL DESPERATION: HATE SPEECH, PARTY POLITICAL COMMUNICATION AND THE NIGERIA’S 2015 GENERAL ELECTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Omilusi
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
General Elections

Até alguns meses para as eleições gerais de 2015, muitos partidos políticos que hibernaram convenientemente por uma boa parte da sua existência, talvez devido à falta de estrutura organizacional adequada ou base de apoio, programas descoordenados ou por terem sido registrados por ganhos pecuniários, de repente começaram a aparecer no espaço político. O principal partido da oposição e o partido no poder estavam ou aperfeiçoando processos de fusão ou envolvidos em discussões internas, de modo que a comunicação com o eleitorado em questões fundamentais tornou-se inconsequente. Na verdade, os dois partidos dominantes, o Partido Popular Democrata e o Congresso Progressista Geral apenas lançaram seus candidatos presidenciais menos de cinco meses para as eleições; e a campanha eleitoral assumiu a contestação desesperada em um clima de preconceito e intolerância. Os discursos de ódio e a violência foram as características de suas campanhas eleitorais. As eleições gerais de 2015, portanto, oferecem um contexto único para interrogar o lugar da comunicação política do partido em uma democracia emergente e, especificamente, como as campanhas de ódio entre os gladiadores políticos/partidos conflitantes poderiam gerar violência e, se não domesticadas, descarrilar a consolidação democrática. Este artigo afirma que o discurso de ódio não é apenas inspirado por algumas circunstâncias sociais, mas também parte de um processo democrático geral. Isso atesta o fato de que os políticos nigerianos se tornaram mais desesperados e ousados em tomar e manter o poder político; e mais intolerantes à oposição, críticas e esforços para substituí-los. Baseando-se amplamente em fontes secundárias com a ajuda de ferramentas descritivas e narrativas, este ensaio conclui que a cultura política de um país determina o comportamento e a atitude da população em relação ao sistema político, e que a transição democrática de uma administração para outra, particularmente em democracias emergentes, muitas vezes foi acompanhada de violência promovida pelos desejos do partido político no poder para consolidar seus apelos ao poder e pelo interesse dos interessados em capturar o mesmo.

Political Communication: Redefining Contemporary Political Management Practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 255-268
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Political Event ◽  
Indian Politics ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
Political Branding ◽  
General Elections

Modern politics, particularly prevalent in the Western Democracies, is replete with instances wherein communication has come to play a pivotal role in the formation or dislodging a government. This is not to say that in traditional political scenario, the role of communication was any lesser. Far from it, communication has always characterized the build-up of events in politics. However, the significance of the same has increased manifold thanks to the advent of social media and complex nature of modern politics as well as due to rise of such concepts as political branding which has gained traction in the wake of proliferation of technology. The same holds true in the Indian political scenario as well. The last few years have redefined the role of communication and its tools in Indian politics, especially during a mega-political event like election. The last two general elections were testimonies to the same. The might of social media has been realized by even its staunchest critics. Along with it, the popular concept of permanent campaign has also characterized the phenomenon of political communication. This paper goes on to explore the underlying concept of political communication and how the same has come to influence the turn of events as well as the final outcome of an election.

scholarly journals HATE SPEECH AND THE 2015 GENERAL ELECTIONS IN NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 948-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiodun Fasakin ◽  
Olusola Oyero ◽  
Kehinde Oyesomi ◽  
Nelson Okorie
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
General Elections

scholarly journals USE OF CYBER HATE IN THE ELECTORAL CAMPAIGNS BY THE MAINSTREAM POLITICAL PARTIES OF PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Ayesha Siddiqua
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
The Political ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Cyber Ethics

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to examine the use of cyber hate by the Pakistan’s mainstream political parties. The issue of poll rigging in Pakistan’s General Elections 2013 is examined through discourse analysis of the related tweets. The study also aims at comprehending the extent to which cyber ethics were violated during the digital electoral campaigns. Methodology: Discourse Analysis of the tweets generated from the official Twitter handles of PTI and PMLN leaders was conducted to examine the use of cyber hate by the Pakistan’s mainstream political parties. Violation of cyber ethics was explored through the qualitative interviews of 8 purposively selected social media managers of PMLN, PPP, and PTI. Main Findings: The findings indicated that party leadership/politicians used the elements of cyber hate which included abusive language, provocation, and character assassination against their opponents during the digital electoral campaign in general and regarding the poll rigging issue of Pakistan’s General Elections 2013 in specific. Resultantly the tweets using strong adjectives and metaphors on the political opponents were more frequently re-tweeted and attracted more favorites. Applications of this study: The study can be helpful in various cross-disciplinary areas that focus on the examination of the usage and impact of social media and cyberspace as a medium for hate speech dissemination. The study can significantly contribute to areas related to cyber ethics, digital electoral campaigning, freedom of expression, and political opinion building. Novelty/Originality of this study: The study’s originality lies in its attempt to unfold the foundations of digital electoral campaigning in Pakistan and how cyberhate was used as a pivotal tool for advancing the political narratives in a fragile democratic society.

Young Citizen's Political Engagement in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-132
Author(s):  
Mandakini Paruthi ◽  
Priyam Mendiratta ◽  
Gaurav Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Digital Citizenship ◽  
Digital Medium ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Marketing Tool ◽  
Use Of Social Media

Social media has emerged as a dominant digital medium platform in contemporary society. The quick development of social media has instigated changes concerning the way publics to interact with a group of people with similar ideologies, the quality of information they share, or the opportunity to acquire and share ideas. Social media use has a major influence on public relations, marketing, and political communication. Therefore, politicians are formulating their strategies to reach increasingly networked individuals. The chapter defines political engagement concept, focuses on excessive use of social media to understand how the emergence of digital citizenship is changing political engagement. In addition to this, the chapter also examines whether the use of social media exercise any effect on 2014 and 2019. General elections outcome or not and discuss the proposed conceptual framework for future empirical testing. The chapter highlights the various concerns needed to be taken care of while using social media as a marketing tool for promoting political participation and engagement.

scholarly journals Strategic Identity Signaling in Heterogeneous Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara van der Does ◽  
Mirta Galesic ◽  
Zackary Dunivin ◽  
Paul E. Smaldino
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Formal Theory ◽  
Behavioral Experiment ◽  
Identity Signaling ◽  
The Cost

Individuals often signal identity information to facilitate assortment with partners who are likely to share norms, values, and goals. However, individuals may also be incentivized to encrypt their identity signals to avoid detection by dissimilar receivers, particularly when such detection is costly. Using mathematical modeling, this idea has previously been formalized into a theory of covert signaling. In this paper, we provide the first empirical test of the theory of covert signaling in the context of political identity signaling surrounding the 2020 U.S. presidential elections. We use novel methods relying on differences in detection between ingroup and outgroup receivers to identify likely covert and overt signals on Twitter. We strengthen our experimental predictions with a new mathematical modeling and examine the usage of selected covert and overt tweets in a behavioral experiment. We find that people strategically adjust their signaling behavior in response to the political constitution of their audiences and the cost of being disliked, in accordance with the formal theory. Our results have implications for our understanding of political communication, social identity, pragmatics, hate speech, and the maintenance of cooperation in diverse populations.

scholarly journals Un potencial comunicativo desaprovechado. Twitter como mecanismo generador de diálogo en campaña electoral

Obra digital ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 39-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Alonso-Muñoz ◽  
Susana Miquel-Segarra ◽  
Andreu Casero-Ripollés
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Electoral Campaign ◽  
General Elections

El uso de Twitter como herramienta estratégica para la comunicación política se ha incrementado notablemente durante los últimos años, especialmente en periodo de campaña electoral. El objetivo de esta investigación es examinar el grado de cumplimiento de los principios dialógicos atribuidos a las redes sociales. Para ello se aplica la técnica del análisis de contenido cuantitativo a los tuits publicados por los principales partidos españoles (PP, PSOE, Podemos y Ciudadanos) durante las elecciones generales de 2015. Los resultados demuestran que pese al elevado número de publicaciones realizadas por los cuatro partidos, ninguno aprovecha el potencial dialógico de Twitter.Untapped communication potential. Twitter as a mechanism for generating dialogue in an electoral campaignAbstractThe use of Twitter as strategic tool for political communication has increased considerably in recent years, particularly during electoral campaigns. The main goal of this paper is to examine the degree of compliance with the principles of dialogue attributed to social media. To achieve this, a quantitative content analysis was carried out on the tweets shared by the main Spanish political parties during the 2015 General Elections. The results show that although a high number of tweets were made by the four political parties during this period, none of them took advantage of the full potential of dialogue on Twitter.Keywords: Twitter, social media, political communication, electoral campaign, digital media

scholarly journals Evidence of disorientation towards immunization on online social media after contrasting political communication on vaccines. Results from an analysis of Twitter data in Italy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253569
Author(s):  
Samantha Ajovalasit ◽  
Veronica Maria Dorgali ◽  
Angelo Mazza ◽  
Alberto d’Onofrio ◽  
Piero Manfredi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Immunization Policy ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Political Events ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Measles Outbreaks

Background In Italy, in recent years, vaccination coverage for key immunizations as MMR has been declining to worryingly low levels, with large measles outbreaks. As a response in 2017, the Italian government expanded the number of mandatory immunizations introducing penalties to unvaccinated children’s families. During the 2018 general elections campaign, immunization policy entered the political debate with the government in-charge blaming oppositions for fuelling vaccine scepticism. A new government (formerly in the opposition) established in 2018 temporarily relaxed penalties and announced the introduction of forms of flexibility. Objectives and methods First, we supplied a definition of disorientation, as the “lack of well-established and resilient opinions among individuals, therefore causing them to change their positions as a consequence of sufficient external perturbations”. Second, procedures for testing for the presence of both short and longer-term collective disorientation in Twitter signals were proposed. Third, a sentiment analysis on tweets posted in Italian during 2018 on immunization topics, and related polarity evaluations, were used to investigate whether the contrasting announcements at the highest political level might have originated disorientation amongst the Italian public. Results Vaccine-relevant tweeters’ interactions peaked in response to main political events. Out of retained tweets, 70.0% resulted favourable to vaccination, 16.4% unfavourable, and 13.6% undecided, respectively. The smoothed time series of polarity proportions exhibit frequent large changes in the favourable proportion, superimposed to a clear up-and-down trend synchronized with the switch between governments in Spring 2018, suggesting evidence of disorientation among the public. Conclusions The reported evidence of disorientation for opinions expressed in online social media shows that critical health topics, such as vaccination, should never be used to achieve political consensus. This is worsened by the lack of a strong Italian institutional presence on Twitter, calling for efforts to contrast misinformation and the ensuing spread of hesitancy. It remains to be seen how this disorientation will impact future parents’ vaccination decisions.

Problematising Hateful Ethno-Political Rhetoric in Facebook and Twitter during 2017 General Elections in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-174
Author(s):  
Fredrick Meeme Irimba; Jacinta Ndambuki; Florence Mwithi
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Mediated Discourse ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Attributes

The purpose of this study is to examine online hate discourse; with a focus on the construction of online ethno-political rhetoric as a form of hate speech during Kenya's 2017 general election. The study employed a qualitative case study design which entailed an empirical investigation of a particular phenomenon using multiple evidence. Purposive sampling allowed the researcher to observe, collect and analyse only the specific materials that had the characteristics relevant to the objective of this study. Working within Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis (CMDA) framework, we analyse a purposively selected sample of sixteen posts from FB (ten) and Twitter (six) derived from the initial sample of 360 posts collected through online observation of Facebook groups and hashtags trending in Kenya between July and November 2017. ‘The findings point at the shifting hate speech battle fields where ethno-political extremism in form of ‘Us against Them’ discourse finds easy expression online through dehumanizing epithets and metaphors that de-personalize and de-characterize the target, bringing to salience their perceived negative attributes in order to justify prejudice against them as a tool of political mobilization. These insights are relevant in understanding hate speech in multi-ethnic cultural contexts in society generally and specifically in Kenya. The study recommends that the government of Kenya and other key stakeholders should develop a media literacy policy on the moral responsibility in embracing netiquette and responsible netizenship in online interactions. 

Social Media in Political Communication and the Use of Twitter in the 2011 General Elections in Turkey

2014 ◽  
pp. 59-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günseli Bayraktutan ◽  
Mutlu Binark ◽  
Tuğrul Çomu ◽  
Burak Doğu ◽  
Gözde İslamoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
General Elections
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