Secondary metabolites, letalithy and antimicrobial activity of six marine sponges from Mochima Bay, Sucre state, Venezuela.

he specimens of the sponges Aplysina lacunosa, Aplysina fulva, Cliona varians, Cinachyrella kuekenthali, Amphimedon viridis and Aaptos pernucleata, were collected in Mochima Bay, Venezuela, in October 2009 with the purpose of identifying families of secondary metabolites and evaluating the antibacterial properties, antifungal and brine shrimp lethal study of the ethyl acetate soluble fractions of these sponges. The chemical evaluation showed the presence of alkaloids, sterols, triterpenes, methylene ketone and tannins. The ethyl acetate soluble fractions of A. pernucleata, A. fulva and A. lacunosa sponges were the only ones that showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli; the soluble fraction of A. lacunosa showed the highest inhibition zones. The antifungal activity was not significant, except for A. pernucleata sponge wich showed mild activity against Candida albicans. The most prominent lethal activity in Artemia salina, were observed for C. kuekenthali, A. viridis and A. pernucleata sponges, with LC50 values of 4,10, 1,13 and < 0,01µg/mL respectively. These results allow profiling the sponges A. lacunosa, A. pernucleata and A. fulva as promising sources of antimicrobial compounds and the sponges C. kuekenthali, A. viridis and A. pernucleata as sources of antitumor compounds.

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Cytotoxic Stilbenes and Canthinone Alkaloids from Brucea antidysenterica (Simaroubaceae)

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24234412 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (23) ◽

pp. 4412 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yves Salomon Makong ◽

Gervais Mouthé Happi ◽

Judith Liliane Djouaka Bavoua ◽

Jean Duplex Wansi ◽

Lutfun Nahar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

2D Nmr ◽

Spectroscopic Methods ◽

Phytochemical Study ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

New Compounds ◽

Soluble Fractions ◽

Mcf 7

A phytochemical study of the root and bark of Brucea antidysenterica J. F. Mill. (Simaroubaceae) afforded three new compounds, including a stilbene glycoside bruceanoside A (1), and two canthinone alkaloids bruceacanthinones A (3) and B (4), along with ten known secondary metabolites, rhaponticin (2), 1,11-dimethoxycanthin-6-one (5), canthin-6-one (6), 1-methoxycanthin-6-one (7), 2-methoxycanthin-6-one (8), 2-hydroxy-1,11-dimethoxycanthin-6-one (9), β-carboline-1-propionic acid (10), cleomiscosin C (11), cleomiscosin A (12), and hydnocarpin (13). The structures of all the compounds were determined using spectrometric and spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR, and HRSEIMS. The identities of the known compounds were further confirmed by comparison of their data with those reported in the literature. The root and bark methanolic extracts, the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions, and the isolated compounds (3–13), were assessed for their cytotoxicity against the cancer cell lines A-549, MCF-7, and PC-3. The results suggested that compounds in the extracts might possess a synergic action in their cytotoxicity.

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Uji Toksisitas dan Uji Fitokimia Ekstrak Etanol Petroleum Eter Etil Asetat dan Air Tepung Gabah Pelepah Aren (Arenga pinnata)

Jurnal MIPA ◽

10.35799/jmuo.9.1.2020.26956 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

Meiske Sangi ◽

Julius Pontoh

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Petroleum Ether Extract ◽

Water Extract ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Water Extracts ◽

Negative Conclusion

Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji toksisitas tepung pelepah aren yang diawali dengan maserasi dengan pelarut etanol kemudian difraksinasi dengan petroleum eter, etil asetat dan air. Masing-masing ekstrak dilakukan uji toksisitas dan uji fitokimia. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengujian toksisitas adalah Brine Shrimpt Lethality Test (BSLT) dengan menggunakan larva udang jenis Artemia salina Leach sebagai bioindikator dan uji fitokimia. Hasil uji toksisitas ekstrak etil asetat tepung pelepah aren adalah bersifat sangat toksik dengan nilai LC50 < 1000 ppm (7,76 ppm) yang diikuti oleh ekstrak petroleum eter 10,69 ppm kemudian ekstrak etanol 15,81 ppm dan terakhir ekstrak air 26,92 ppm. Hasil uji fitokimia tepung pelepah aren mengandung beberapa senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu alkaloid pada ekstrak etanol, petroleum eter, etil asetat dan air, triterpenoid hanya pada ekstrak etanol, petroleum eter dan etil asetat sedangkan ekstrak air negatif. Selanjutnya tanin yang positif adalah ekstrak etanol, etil asetat dan air sedangkan petroleum eter negatif. Kesimpulan tepung pelepah aren toksik terhadap larva udang artemia salina Leach dan mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder alkaloid, triterpenoid dan taninThe purpose of this study was to examine the toxicity of Aren’s midrib flour that was preceded by maceration with ethanol solvent then concentrated and fractionated with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and water. Each extract was tested for toxicity and phytochemical testing. The method used for toxicity testing is the Brine Shrimpt Lethality Test (BSLT) by using artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae as bioindicators and phytochemical tests. The results of the toxicity test of the ethyl acetate extract of aren’s midrib flour are very toxic with LC50 value <1000 ppm (7.76 ppm) followed by petroleum ether extract 10.69 ppm then ethanol extract 15.81 ppm and finally water extract 26.92 ppm. The results of phytochemical tests of aren’s midrib flour contain several secondary metabolites, namely alkaloids in ethanol extract, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and water, triterpenoids only in ethanol extract, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate while negative water extracts. Furthermore, for tannins that are positive are ethanol, ethyl acetate and water extracts while petroleum ether is negative. Conclusion Aren’s midrib flour is toxic to the larvae of shrimp artemia salina Leach and contains secondary metabolites of alkaloids, triterpenoids and tannins

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Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Spons Laut Callyspongia aerizusa terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Shigella dan Staphylococcus epidermidis

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.5.2.2017.18478 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Tifany T. Korompis ◽

Christi D. Mambo ◽

Edward Nangoy

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Laboratory Study ◽

Marine Sponge ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Antibacterial Agents ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Inhibition Activity ◽

Experimental Laboratory ◽

Inhibition Zones ◽

Sponge Extract

Abstract: Callyspongia sp. is a kind of marine sponges that produces secondary metabolites, such as steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids which can be used as antibacterial agents. This study was aimed to determine the inhibition activity of Callyspongia aerizusa marine sponge extract against the growth of Shigella and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. This was an experimental laboratory study. Inhibition activity was tested by using the modified Kirby-Bauer method. The inhibition zones formed by the marine sponge extract were measured. The results showed that the inhibition zones of marine sponge extract against Shigella bacteria was 6.1 mm and against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria was 6.6 mm. Conclusion: Callyspongia aerizusa extract had moderate inhibition activity against the growth of Shigella and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria.Keywords: inhibition test, Callyspongia aerizusa, Shigella, Staphylococcus epidermidis Abstrak: Callyspongia sp. merupakan salah satu jenis spons laut yang menghasilkan metabolit sekunder berupa steroid, alkaloid, flavonoid, dan terpenoid yang bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya daya hambat dari ekstrak spons laut Callyspongia aerizusa terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Shigella dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental laboratorik. Uji daya hambat dengan metode Kirby-Bauer yang dimodifikasi menggunakan sumuran untuk mengukur zona hambat yang terbentuk oleh ekstrak spons laut Callyspongia aerizusa. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan zona hambat yang terbentuk pada bakteri Shigella sebesar 6,1 mm dan pada bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis sebesar 6,6 mm. Simpulan: Ekstrak spons laut Callyspongia aerizusa memiliki daya hambat sedang terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Shigella dan Staphylococcus epidermidis.Kata kunci: uji daya hambat, Callyspongia aerizusa, Shigella, Staphylococcus epidermidis

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Ocotea nutans (Nees) Mez: structural elucidation of C-hetorosides flavonoids and evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial properties from ethyl acetate extract

Natural Product Research ◽

10.1080/14786419.2021.1931184 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Fernando Cesar Martins Betim ◽

Camila Freitas de Oliveira ◽

Katlin Suellen Rech ◽

Angela Maria Souza ◽

Obdulio Gomes Miguel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Structural Elucidation

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Antibacterial properties in-vitro of Mexican serviceberry extracts against dental biofilm species

Journal of Berry Research ◽

10.3233/jbr-210718 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Erika-Alejandra Salinas-Peña ◽

Martha Mendoza-Rodríguez ◽

Claudia Velázquez-González ◽

Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solis ◽

América Patricia Pontigo-Loyola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽

Positive Control ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Dental Biofilm ◽

Biofilm Bacteria

BACKGROUND: The Mexican serviceberry, Malacomeles denticulata, have been used as a successful oral therapy by Mexican communities without enough scientific support. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the M. denticulata extracts with selective antibacterial properties over dental biofilm bacteria. METHODS: Fruit, Leaf, and Stem of M. denticulata extracts were evaluated with micro-broth dilution method using ATCC bacteria. OD600 values had compared against each positive control (T-student-test). Anaerobically viability had confirmed by Colony-Forming-Units. Thin-Layer-Chromatography was used to identify the number of compounds and phytochemicals to identify secondary metabolites of the selected extracts. RESULTS: Streptococcus mutans showed Minimum-Bactericidal-Concentrations_(MBC) at 30 mg/mL to Fruit, Leaf, and Stem extracts. Periodontal-pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype b_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_p < 0.01); Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_p<0.001); Parvimonas micra_(MBC = 15 mg/mL_NS); Porphyromonas gingivalis_(MBC = 30 mg/mL_NS); and Prevotella intermedia_(MBC = 3.75 mg/mL_NS) presented higher sensitivity to Leaf-Methanol, than the primary colonizers. Phytochemicals showed positive results to anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, saponins steroids/triterpenoids, steroids/triterpenes, and tannins/phenols. CONCLUSION: We suggest the natural extracts of fruit and leaf of the Mexican serviceberry for the preventive use over the oral cariogenic or periodontal biofilm species, by their selective antibacterial properties against pathogenic species evaluated in-vitro, and due to the presence of antibacterial secondary metabolites identified as flavonoids and saponins of M. denticulata leaf extracts.

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Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic and Antiplasmodial Activities of Three Sponges from Buton Islands, Indonesia

ILMU KELAUTAN Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences ◽

10.14710/ik.ijms.22.3.147-154 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 147

Author(s):

Masteria Yunovilsa Putra ◽

Tri Aryono Hadi

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Sponge Species ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Inhibition Zones

GC-MS analysis of the crude extracts of three different species of Indonesian marine sponges has been carried out for identification of bioactive compounds. The GC-MS analysis from Haliclona (Gellius) sp., Lamellodysidea herbacea, and Spheciospongia inconstans revealed the presence of 23, 21, 19 various compounds, respectively and mainly sterols and fatty acids. All the sponge species has been evaluated for antimicrobial activities, cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay and heme polymerization inhibitory activity assay for antiplasmodial activity. In this study, all the sponge species showed antimicrobial activities against at leastone of the test strains. Among them, the extract of sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea displayed activity against two Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis) and the Gram-negative bacteria V. cholerae, with inhibition zones of 10.3, 9.2 and 9.5 mm, respectively. The sponge Haliclona (Gellius) sp., showed significant activity against fungal pathogen C. albicans. The sponge Haliclona (Gellius) sp., displayed the ability to inhibit heme polymerization indicating an anti-Plasmodium function and also showed potent cytotoxic activity against the brine shrimp Artemia sp. Keywords: GC-MS analysis, antimicrobial, sponges,bioactive

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Larvicidal Property of the Extract and Fractions of Hannoa klaineana against the Larvae of Aedes aegypti

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i1730760 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 127-132

Author(s):

Ifeoma Chioma Ibe ◽

Eze Elijah Ajaegbu ◽

Lame Younoussa ◽

Simon Pierre Yinyang Danga ◽

Christopher Obidike Ezugwu

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Control Programme ◽

Chloroform Fraction ◽

Plant Metabolites ◽

Lc50 Value ◽

Synthetic Materials ◽

Control Programmes ◽

Crude Methanol Extract

Aedes aegypti (Culicidae) is the main vector for dengue which is endemic in Nigeria and Africa at large. Use of synthetic materials for the control of this vector has always proven abortive. The introduction of plant metabolites which is biodegradable maybe successful and safer to the human health in the control programme of this vector since plants are very rich in bioactive secondary metabolites. Hence, we evaluated the larvicidal activity of the crude methanol extract, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of Hannoa klaineana (Simaroubaceae) against the IV instar larvae of A. aegypti mosquitousing standard protocols. The most active fractions were n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions with LC50 values of 1.006, 1.479, and 3.198 mg/ml respectively; n-hexane fraction having the highest property with LC50 value of 1.006 mg/ml and followed by chloroform fraction with LC50 value of 1.479 mg/ml. The evaluation has shown that the secondary metabolites of H. klaineana can be used as an alternative for the synthetic larvicides which its use has proven abortive in the vector control programmes.

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Evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of bioactive compounds produced from endophytic fungi of Himalayan yew (Taxus wallichiana) in Nepal

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.23250.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 379 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dhurva Prasad Gauchan ◽

Pratistha Kandel ◽

Astha Tuladhar ◽

Ashesh Acharya ◽

Upendra Kadel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dry Extract ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽

Fungal Extracts ◽

Taxus Wallichiana

Background: Endophytic fungi are largely underexplored in the discovery of natural bioactive products though being rich sources of novel compounds with promising pharmaceutical potential. In this study, Taxus wallichiana, which has huge medicinal value, was investigated for its endophytic diversity and capability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites by analyzing antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. Methods: The endophytes were identified by ITS-PCR using genomic DNA samples. The secondary metabolites were extracted by solvent extraction method using ethyl acetate. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography, Total Phenol Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) and DPPH assay, and the antimicrobial activity was analyzed by agar-well diffusion method. Brine shrimp lethality assay was used to analyze the cytotoxicity of the fungal extracts. Results: Out of 16 different Taxus trees sampled from different locations of Dhorpatan, 13 distinctive endophytic fungi were isolated and grouped into 9 different genera: Bjerkandera, Trichoderma, Preussia, Botrytis, Arthrinium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Sporormiella and Daldinia. The ethyl acetate extracts isolated from three endophytic fungi: Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Alternaria brassicae showed significant TPC values of 204±6.144, 312.3±2.147 and 152.7±4.958µg GAE/mg of dry extract, respectively, and TFC values of 177.9±2.911, 644.1±4.202 and 96.38±3.851µg RE/mg of dry extract, respectively. Furthermore, these three extracts showed a dose dependent radical scavenging activity with IC50 concentration of 22.85, 22.15 and 23.001 µg/ml, respectively. The extracts of C. cladosporioides and A. brassicae also showed promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 250μg/ml for all bacteria. Both the samples showed cytotoxic property against shrimp nauplii with LC50 of 104.2 and 125.9µg/ml, respectively. Conclusions: The crude fungal extracts obtained from endophytes: A. alternata, C. cladosporioides and A. brassicae upon purification and further identification of the bioactive compounds can be a fascinating source for novel pharmaceutical agents.

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Isolation of sea cucumbers’s (Holothuria atra) secondary metabolite using column-chromatography technique

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/869/1/012010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 869 (1) ◽

pp. 012010

Author(s):

S Agustina ◽

S Bella ◽

S Karina ◽

I Irwan ◽

M Ulfah

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Column Chromatography ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Sea Cucumbers ◽

Marine Chemistry ◽

Holothuria Atra ◽

Metabolite Content

Abstract Identification of sea cucumbers from Benteng Inong Balee, Aceh Besar and their phytochemistry screening were conducted in December 2020 to January 2021 at Laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Fisheries Biotechnology, Universitas Syiah Kuala. The purpose of this study was to identify the species of sea cucumbers and its secondary metabolite content using phytochemistry screening and column chromatography. The species of sea cucumbers that were identified was Holothuria atra. The extraction method used in sea cucumber extraction was maceration method, while the separation of secondary metabolites used column-chromatography with eluent of n-hexane : ethyl acetate (8:4). The results showed that secondary metabolites obtained from phytochemical tests were flavonoids, saponins and triterpenoids.

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