scholarly journals Uji Toksisitas dan Uji Fitokimia Ekstrak Etanol Petroleum Eter Etil Asetat dan Air Tepung Gabah Pelepah Aren (Arenga pinnata)

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Meiske Sangi ◽  
Julius Pontoh
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Negative Conclusion

Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji toksisitas tepung pelepah aren yang diawali dengan maserasi dengan pelarut etanol kemudian difraksinasi dengan petroleum eter, etil asetat dan air. Masing-masing ekstrak dilakukan uji toksisitas dan uji fitokimia. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengujian toksisitas adalah Brine Shrimpt Lethality Test (BSLT) dengan menggunakan larva udang jenis Artemia salina Leach sebagai bioindikator dan uji fitokimia. Hasil uji toksisitas ekstrak etil asetat tepung pelepah aren adalah bersifat sangat toksik dengan nilai LC50 < 1000 ppm (7,76 ppm) yang diikuti oleh ekstrak petroleum eter 10,69 ppm kemudian ekstrak etanol 15,81 ppm dan terakhir ekstrak air 26,92 ppm. Hasil uji fitokimia tepung pelepah aren mengandung beberapa senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu alkaloid pada ekstrak etanol, petroleum eter, etil asetat dan air, triterpenoid hanya pada ekstrak etanol, petroleum eter dan etil asetat sedangkan ekstrak air negatif. Selanjutnya tanin yang positif adalah ekstrak etanol, etil asetat dan air sedangkan petroleum eter negatif. Kesimpulan tepung pelepah aren toksik terhadap larva udang artemia salina Leach dan mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder alkaloid, triterpenoid dan taninThe purpose of this study was to examine the toxicity of Aren’s midrib flour that was preceded by maceration with ethanol solvent then concentrated and fractionated with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and water. Each extract was tested for toxicity and phytochemical testing. The method used for toxicity testing is the Brine Shrimpt Lethality Test (BSLT) by using artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae as bioindicators and phytochemical tests. The results of the toxicity test of the ethyl acetate extract of aren’s midrib flour are very toxic with LC50 value <1000 ppm (7.76 ppm) followed by petroleum ether extract 10.69 ppm then ethanol extract 15.81 ppm and finally water extract 26.92 ppm. The results of phytochemical tests of aren’s midrib flour contain several secondary metabolites, namely alkaloids in ethanol extract, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and water, triterpenoids only in ethanol extract, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate while negative water extracts. Furthermore, for tannins that are positive are ethanol, ethyl acetate and water extracts while petroleum ether is negative. Conclusion Aren’s midrib flour is toxic to the larvae of shrimp artemia salina Leach and contains secondary metabolites of alkaloids, triterpenoids and tannins 

Ethnomedicinal Survey of Antidiabetic Plants and Preliminary Evaluation of Antioxidant, Hypoglycemic Activity Maesa indica Leaves, a Folk Antidiabetic Plant of Manipur, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Chakraborty ◽  
Saikat Sen ◽  
Nongmaithem Randhoni Chanu ◽  
Akoijam Bishaljit Singh ◽  
Crescent Lyngkhoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hypoglycemic Activity ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Nitric Oxide Radical ◽  
Antidiabetic Plants

Background: Manipur is a small state of India, well known for its folk medicine. Folk medicine practitioners of the state use a number of plants to manage diabetes mellitus. Objective: To carry out an ethnomedicinal survey to find folk antidiabetic plants of Thoubal district of Manipur, India. This study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential of chosen medicinal plant. Methods: An ethnomedicinal survey was carried out in Thoubal district, Manipur to find out antidiabetic plants regularly used by tribal/folk medicinal practitioners. Based on the information, Maesa indica leaves extracts (ethanol extract, MIE; ethyl acetate extract, MIEA; petroleum ether extract, MIPE) further investigated for in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. Acute hypoglycemic activity (streptozotocin-induced diabetes model) and NG-OGTT tests were employed to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of Maesa indica leaves. Results: Ethnomedicinal survey revealed that folk medicinal practitioners regularly used 15 antidiabetic plants. Maesa indica is a plant of choice of folk medicinal practitioners. MIE was found to possess strong oxidative haemolysis inhibition, nitric oxide radical and DPPH radical scavenging effect with IC50 value of 54.5, 34.1 and 19.2 μg/mL respectively. MIE inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase with IC50 value 18.2 and 31.2 μg/mL respectively. MIE and MIEA produced considerable hypoglycemic activity when tested through NG-OGTT model. MIE (500 mg/kg, b.w.) asserted significant acute hypoglycemic activity by reducing blood glucose level after 1h, 2h, 3h, 5h, and 12h of drug administration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Conclusion: The present study showed that ethanol extract of Maesa indica leaves possesses better activity compare to ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extract. This study also confirmed the ethnobotanical claim about traditional use of plant and antidiabetic potential of M. indica leaves.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of stem extract of Coleus forskohlii L. collected from Al-Baha Area, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 078-086
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Yahya Al-Ghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening

This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening, total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Coleus forskohlii L. stem extract in Al-Baha area, Saudi Arabia. Stem samples were collected from Al-Baha area and air-dried followed by extraction with ethanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The extracts were then subjected to phytochemical screening, determination of total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Results showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, and reducing sugars. Total phenolic content was significantly (P<0.001) higher in n-butanol extract (274.33±3.29 mg GAE/gm), followed by ethyl acetate extract (182.94±1.82 mg GAE/gm), ethanol extract (79.63±2.02 mg GAE/gm) and petroleum ether extract (73.38±3.07 mg GAE/gm), while the lowest content was in chloroform extract (60.06±2.12 mg GAE/gm). The antioxidant activity was significantly (P<0.001) higher in n-butanol extract (67.68±1.55%), followed by ethyl acetate extract (43.38±1.27%), ethanol extract (36.02±1.29%), petroleum ether extract (20.71±0.59%) and chloroform extract (19.73±0.74%). The antimicrobial activity showed that all microorganisms tested were resistant at the concentration of 25 and 50 mg/ml of plant extracts, whereas the concentrations of 100, 150 and 200 mg/ml showed varying activities against gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and Candida albicans. The study concluded that the stem extracts of C. forskohlli have promising pharmacological and biological activities that could be beneficial in pharmaceutical as well as food and medicinal industries.

scholarly journals Screening of Phytochemical and Biological Potential of Clerodendron viscosum Leaves Extracts

1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
M Zahurul ◽  
MA Rouf ◽  
MA Jalil ◽  
M Badrul Islam ◽  
M Ruhul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Rhizopertha Dominica ◽  
Residual Film ◽  
Biological Potential

Attempts were made to investigate different phytochemicals (secondary metabolites) of Clerodendron viscosum leaves extracts with different solvents e.g. petroleum ether (40-60° C), ethyl acetate and chloroform. The extracts were found to contain alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and steroids. The extracts were then subjected to bioactivity against some stored grain insect such as Tribolium castaneus, Sitophiulus oryzae, Rhizopertha dominica using the method of residual film technique. Among the extracts, the petroleum ether extract showed higher toxicity against Sitophiulus oryzae and Rhizopertha dominica but moderate toxicity against Tribolium castaneus. The ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts showed moderate toxicity against Sitophiulus oryzae. The effectiveness of the order of toxicity of the extracts was found to vary with different intervals of treatments (24, 48 and 72 hours). Key words: Clerodendron viscosum; Phyto-chemical; Bioactivity; Stored grain insect; Probit mortality DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i4.7385 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(4), 381-386, 2010

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and Antileishmanial Activity of Clerodendrum myricoides and Salvadora persica Plant Extracts against Leishmania major

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Esther N. M. Maina ◽  
Virginia N. Njau ◽  
Yahaya Gavamukulya
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Antileishmanial Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Salvadora Persica

Introduction: Clerodendrum myricoides and Salvadora persica have been reported in management of leishmaniasis which is one of the neglected tropical diseases. The study aimed at undertaking phytochemical analysis as well as investigating the in vitro antileishmanial activity of Clerodendrum myricoides and Salvadora persica extracts on promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania major. Materials and Methods: Solvent extraction of the stem parts of the two plants was performed using water, methanol, petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), anti-amastigote and nitric oxide production assays were carried out to demonstrate antileishmanial activity of these plant extracts against the two forms of Leishmania major parasite species: promastigote and amastigote. Cytotoxicity assay was then conducted to assess their safe use as herbal medicinal products. Results: Both plants showed presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols, anthraquinones and saponins. The Clerodendrum myricoides water extract demonstrated the best potential antileishmanial activity against Leishmania major promastigotes (MIC=625 μg/ml). The dichloromethane and petroleum ether extract were nontoxic to vero cells but showed moderate to weak activity against Leishmania major promastigotes (MIC=1250 μg/ml; 2500 μg/ml) and amastigotes respectively. The Salvadora persica ethyl acetate, successive methanol and dichloromethane extracts recorded the most potential activity towards both Leishmania major promastigotes and amastigotes. Conclusions: All Salvadora persica and Clerodendrum myricoides extracts have potential antileishmanial activity and may offer a cheaper alternative to the more expensive pentavalent antimonials.

Research on Antibacterial Activity of Crude Extract from Mangifera Indica Leaves

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 760-763
Author(s):  
Shao Juan Jiang ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Saccaromyces Cerevisiae

The 95% ethanol extracts of mangifera indica leaf was sequentially extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol and water. Antibacterial activity and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the four different extraction against Staphylococlus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subitlis and Saccaromyces cerevisiae were stuied with filter paper method in this paper. Each of the four extracts showed different antibacterial activity: The water extract is the strongest one; l-butanol extract takes second place; Ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extract is the third. MIC of aqueous extract with the strongest inhibitory effect on Staphylococlus aureus, Escherichia coli and Saccaromyces cerevisiae is 0.0125 g/mL, 0.0125 g/mL, and 0.025 g/mL. Moreover, the aqueous extract showed powerful antibacterial activity against all of four bacteria.

Identification of phytoconstituents of Tragia involucrata leaf extracts and evaluate their correlation with anti-inflammatory & antioxidant properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinodhini Velu ◽  
Swagata Banerjee ◽  
Vidya Rajendran ◽  
Gaurav Gupta ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Chellappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Membrane Stabilization ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Aims: The present investigation was aimed at exploring the phytoconstituents using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy and to evaluate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the leaf extracts. Materials and Methods: The extracts were obtained sequentially with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and water using soxhlet apparatus. The anti-inflammatory property of the identified compounds using GC- MS spectroscopy was evaluated in silico. The antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH and H2O2 method whereas anti-inflammatory study was carried out by HRBC membrane stabilization method. Terpenoids were found to be major constituents in petroleum ether extract while, phenols and flavonoids were predominantly found in ethyl acetate extract. Results and Discussion: The GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed six major molecules including Squalene, 19β, 28- epoxyleanan-3-ol and 2-tu-Butyl-5-chloromethyl-3-methyl-4-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxylic acid. The ethyl acetate extract showed a significant antioxidant activity (P<0.01) in both DPPH method (70.87 %) and H2O2 method (73.58%) at 200 µg mL-1 . Increased membrane stabilization of petroleum ether extract was observed in the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity study. A strong relationship between the terpenoid content and anti-inflammatory activity was obtained from the correlation (0.971) and docking study. Conclusion: These results justify T. involucrata to be a rich source of terpenoids with potent antiinflammatory property.

Acaricidal activities of traditional Chinese medicine against the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae

Parasitology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 975-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAI-QIANG WU ◽  
JING LI ◽  
ZHEN-DAN HE ◽  
ZHI-GANG LIU
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
House Dust ◽  
House Dust Mite ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
House Dust Mites ◽  
Dermatophagoides Farinae ◽  
Dust Mite

SUMMARYObjective. This paper assessed the potential of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations for using as environmentally acceptable and alternative commercial acaricides. Methods. 22 kinds of TCM, which contained abundant essential oils and showed insecticidal effects, were collected. Samples extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol were tested against house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae and their toxicity assessed. Results. The results showed that 3 TCM of Cinnamonum cassia, Eugenia caryophyllata and Pogostemon cablin have higher activity, and the parallel tests showed that the petroleum ether extract had higher activities (0·0046 mg/cm2, 0·005 mg/cm2 and 0·006 mg/cm2 respectively, 24 h, LD50) than the extracts of ethyl acetate and methanol. The acaricidal activity of the ethyl acetate extracts from C. cassia, P. cablin and Asarum sieboldii (0·00144 mg/cm2, 0·00347 mg/cm2 and 0·05521 mg/cm2 respectively, 24 h, LD50) were almost comparable to that of benzyl benzoate and dibutyl phthalate. However, the methanolic extracts of were less effective. Conclusions. This study shows the use of extracts with petroleum ether of C. cassia, P. cablin and E. caryophyllata as eco-friendly biodegradable agents for the control of the house dust mite.

scholarly journals Potential Anticancer Activity of Crude Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate, and Water Extracts of Ephedra foeminea on Human Osteosarcoma U2OS Cell Viability and Migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Eric Zadok Mpingirika ◽  
Ahmed El Hosseiny ◽  
Sheri Magdy Saleeb Bakheit ◽  
Rami Arafeh ◽  
Asma Amleh
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
U2os Cell ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Human Osteosarcoma ◽  
And Migration

Medicinal plants are potential sources for a wide range of complex compounds with probable anticancer activity. Ephedra foeminea Forssk. (E. foeminea), a medicinal plant found in the Eastern Mediterranean, has recently been gaining popularity as a cancer remedy; there is, however, a paucity of empirical evidence supporting this claim. In this study, the effect of E. foeminea ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water crude extracts on viability, migratory ability, and the steady-state mRNA levels of genes involved in these processes was, respectively, examined using MTT assay, wound healing assay, and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). The study concludes that all extracts significantly reduce human osteosarcoma U2OS percentage viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with varying potencies. The least half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was observed in the water extract after 48 h incubation (30.761±1.4 μg/mL) followed by the ethyl acetate extract after 72 h incubation (80.35±1.233 μg/mL) and finally the ethanol extract after 48 h incubation (97.499±1.188 μg/mL). Ethanol extract significantly reduced U2OS percentage wound closure. On the other hand, both ethanol and water extracts considerably reduced the steady-state mRNA expression of beta-catenin, promoting both cell proliferation and migration in osteosarcoma by regulating target genes. Additionally, E. foeminea showed no hemolytic activity. These effects suggest that E. foeminea decreases U2OS cell viability and migratory ability by modulating the expression of critical genes involved in regulating these processes and is likely cytocompatible with human erythrocytes.

scholarly journals Spray-Drying Microencapsulation of High Concentration of Bioactive Compounds Fragments from Euphorbia hirta L. Extract and Their Effect on Diabetes Mellitus

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngan Tran ◽  
Minh Tran ◽  
Han Truong ◽  
Ly Le
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Fast Blood Glucose ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta

The present study was performed to spray-dry the high concentration of bioactive compounds from Euphorbia hirta L. extracts that have antidiabetic activity. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of four different extracts (crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extract) from the dried powder of Euphorbia hirta L. were determined using a spectrophotometer. After that, the fragment containing a high number of bioactive compounds underwent spray-dried microencapsulation to produce powder which had antidiabetic potential. The total phenolic content values of the crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extract were 194.55 ± 0.82, 51.85 ± 3.12, 81.56 ± 1.72 and 214.21 ± 2.53 mg/g extract, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. Crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extracts showed total flavonoids 40.56 ± 7.27, 29.49 ± 1.66, 64.99 ± 2.60 and 91.69 ± 1.67 mg/g extract, as rutin equivalents. Ethyl acetate extract was mixed with 20% maltodextrin in a ratio of 1:10 to spray-dry microencapsulation. The results revealed that the moisture content, bulk density, color characteristic, solubility and hygroscopicity of the samples were 4.9567 ± 0.00577%, 0.3715 ± 0.01286 g/mL, 3.7367 ± 0.1424 Hue, 95.83 ± 1.44% and 9.9890 ± 1.4538 g H2O/100 g, respectively. The spray powder was inhibited 51.19% α-amylase at 10 mg/mL and reduced 51% in fast blood glucose (FBG) after 4 h treatment. Furthermore, the administration of spray powder for 15 days significantly lowered the fast blood glucose level in streptozotocin-diabetic mice by 23.32%, whereas, acarbose—a standard antidiabetic drug—and distilled water reduced the fast blood glucose level by 30.87% and 16.89%. Our results show that obtained Euphorbia hirta L. powder has potential antidiabetic activity.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE LEAVES OF LANNEA KERSTINGII ENGL & K. KRAUSE (ANACADIACEAE)

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 004-009
Author(s):  
Njinga NS ◽  
Sule MI ◽  
Pateh UU ◽  
Hassan HS ◽  
Ahmad MM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration

AbstractThe phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of the petroleum ether and crude methanol extracts, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of the leaves of Lannea kerstingii were investigated. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids and triterpenes in the petroleum ether extract, steroid, triterpene, flavonoids and tannins in both crude methanol extract and chloroform fraction while the ethyl acetate fraction contained only flavonoids and tannins. The extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities with zones of inhibition ranging from 17.00 to 21.03, 20.10 to 25.24, 25.32 to 34.02 and 22.28 to 27.20 mm for petroleum ether extract, methanol extract, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration was between 5 and 10mg/ml, 5mg/ml for the petroleum ether and methanol extract respectively, and between 2.5 and 5 mg/ml, 5mg/ml for the acetate fractions. The minimum bactericidal concentration for all the extracts was 40mg/ml respectively except for chloroform fraction which ranged from 20 to 40mg/ml. The minimum fungicidal concentration for all the extracts was found to be 40mg/ml respectively. This result indicates the broad spectrum antimicrobial potential of L. Kerstingii and justifies the use of this plant in traditional medicine.

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