Pengembangan Ekstrak Etanol Buah Pepino (Solanum Muricatum Aiton) dalam Bentuk Granul Effervescent dengan Variasi Bahan Pengikat

The aim of the investigation is to obtain a good preparations of effervescent granules of ethanol extract of pepino fruit (Solanum muricatum Aiton) based on parameter of flowability and repose angle, density, moisture content, loss on drying and dispersibility. Maceration method and ethanol 96% as the solvent is use to obtain the extract of pepino fruit (Solanum muricatum Aiton). There are three formula design of effervescent granules formula 1,2 and 3 each of which in variation of binder PVP K30 2%, 4% and 6% (w/w). The granules is obtain by wet granulation method in which ethanol extract of pepino fruit as the active ingredient. Results of evaluation showed that angle of repose range from 33.425-34.352o while flowability range from 5.84-6.66 g/second. Bulk density range from 0.519-0.570 g/ml, tap density 0.552-0.53 g/ml, true density 0.2005-1.22 g/ml. Uji porositas berkisar 6.36-44.609 % while the dispersibility range from 1.407-1.477 gram/second. Based on the results can be concluded that all granules possess good properties pharmaceutically.

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Isolation and preliminary evaluation of Mulva Neglecta mucilage: a novel tablet binder

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1590/s1984-82502016000100022 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 201-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haroon Rahim ◽

Abdul Sadiq ◽

Shahzeb Khan ◽

Kamran Ahmad Chishti ◽

Fazli Amin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Binding Capacity ◽

Diclofenac Sodium ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Binding Potential ◽

Wet Granulation ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Tablet Dosage ◽

Tapped Density ◽

Pvp K30

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate binding potential of Mulva neglecta mucilage (MNM) with subsequent comparison to PVP K30. Eight batches of Diclofenac sodium tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique keeping different concentrations (4, 6, 8 & 10% w/w) of Mulva neglecta mucilage (extracted from leaves of Mulva neglecta) and PVP K30 as standard binder. The granules of formulated batches showed bulk density (g/mL) 0.49 ± 0.00 to 0.57 ± 0.00, tapped density (g/mL) 0.59 ± 0.01 to 0.70 ± 0.01, Carr's index 09.27 ± 0.95 to 19.65 ± 0.59, Hausner's ratio 1.12 ± 0.00 to 1.24 ± 0.01 and angle of repose 30.37 ± 2.90 °C to 36.86 ± 0.94 °C. Tablets were compressed to hardness 7.50 to 7.95 kg/cm2. The tablets showed 0.39 ± 0.02 to 0.39 ± 0.01% friability and 7:20 to 14:00 min disintegration time. Granules and post-compression evaluation revealed that parameters assessed were all found to be within the pharmacopoeial limits. The results (hardness, disintegration and dissolution) proved that Mulva neglecta mucilage has better binding capacity for preparation of uncoated tablet dosage form as compared to PVP K30. Among all the formulations, MN-1 to MN-4 showed slow release as compared to PV-1 to PV-4 and thereby Mulva neglecta mucilage exhibited satisfactory drug release phenomenon tablets of diclofenac sodium.

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EFFECTS OF MOISTURE CONTENT ON SOME ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ARECANUT (ARECA CATECHU L.) FRUIT WHICH ARE RELEVANT TO THE DESIGN OF PROCESSING EQUIPMENT

INMATEH Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.35633/inmateh-60-07 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 61-70

Author(s):

Ramayanty Bulan ◽

Devianti ◽

Ega Septi Ayu ◽

Agustami Sitorus

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

True Density ◽

Compression Force ◽

Areca Catechu ◽

Static Coefficient Of Friction ◽

Fruit Mass ◽

Static Coefficient

The physical and mechanical properties of fresh arecanut fruit have not been comprehensively and thoroughly investigated scientifically yet. This made the researchers and engineers not to be precise in designing the fresh arecanut handling machine. Thus, the present study was aimed to investigate some engineering properties of arecanut fruit in three moisture viz. 67.66%, w.b. (underripe stages), 64.86%, w.b. (ripe stages), and 33.90%, w.b. (overripe stages). In general, the results of the study show that the geometric and arithmetic mean diameter, surface area, bulk and true density, porosity, angle of repose, compression force and static coefficient of friction at different surfaces (stainless steel, plywood, and glass) of arecanut fruit were found to increase 2.16%, 2.70%, 4.26%, 0.02%, 42.16%, 42.41%, 9.97%, 17.04%, 20.30%, and 22.04% respectively at decrease of moisture content from 67.66%, w.b. to 33.90%, w.b. However, sphericity, aspect ratio, thousand fruit mass, and bulk density of the arecanut fruit were found to decrease 2.31%, 3.31%, 34.54%, and, 50.24%, respectively at a decrease of moisture content from 67.66% (w.b.) to 33.90% (w.b.). Some engineering properties of arecanut fruit indicate something slightly different from the arecanut kernels so that this data can help the researcher or engineer to design the fresh arecanut fruit handling machine more precisely.

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EFFECTS OF MOISTURE CONTENT ON SOME ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ARECANUT (ARECA CATECHU L.) FRUIT WHICH ARE RELEVANT TO THE DESIGN OF PROCESSING EQUIPMENT

INMATEH Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.35633//inmateh-60-07 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 61-70

Author(s):

Ramayanty Bulan ◽

Devianti ◽

Ega Septi Ayu ◽

Agustami Sitorus

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

True Density ◽

Compression Force ◽

Areca Catechu ◽

Static Coefficient Of Friction ◽

Fruit Mass ◽

Static Coefficient

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WEIGHT AND PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COFFEE GRAINS PRODUCED FROM DIFFERENT HARVEST RIPENING

Jurnal Agroindustri ◽

10.31186/j.agroind.4.1.21-30 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 21-30

Author(s):

Yuwana Yuwana ◽

Evanila Silvia ◽

Bosman Sidebang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Static Friction ◽

Linear Analysis ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

True Density ◽

Experiment Research ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Length Width ◽

Very High

This research aimed to determine relationships between weight and several physic-mechanical properties of coffee grains. Grains having 12.2% (wet basis) moisture content in average, originated from cherries of different ripening levels identified by green, yellow, red and deep red in colors were used for experiment. Research used regresi linear analysis. Results of experiment indicated that weight of grains positively correlated to length, width, thickness and frontal area with very high values of determination coefficient. Weight of grains correlated positively to sphericity and negatively to porosity. Weight of grains originated from green and red cherries had positive correlation with density whereas weight of grains originated from yellow and deep red cherries possessed no correlation with density. Weight of grains from yellow, red and deep red cherries had negative correlation with true density in contrast weight of grains from green cherries had positive correlation with true density. There were no reliable trend concerning the relationships between weight of grains and coefficient of static friction and angle of repose.

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Effect of moisture content on physical properties of cashew nut of different varieties

Journal of Plantation Crops ◽

10.19071/jpc.2016.v44.i2.3105 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Shrikant Baslingappa Swami ◽

N.J. Thakor A.M. Gawai

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Surface Area ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

True Density ◽

Cashew Nut ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Effect Of Moisture

The physical properties, viz., geometric diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume, bulk density, true density and angle of repose was measured for four cashew varieties viz., Vengurle 1, Vengurle 3, Vengurle 4 and Vengurle 7 at different moisture content (15 to 87% db). For Vengurle 1 as the moisture content increased, the physical properties i.e., geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 20.8 to 22.1 mm, 3485 to 4416 mm3, 1355 to 1540 mm2, 984 to 1030 kg m-3 and 32 to 37˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 74.2 to 71.4 per cent and 490 to 418 kg m-3 respectively. For Vengurle 3 geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 27.2 to 28.6 mm, 7912 to 9169 mm3, 2320 to 2567 mm2, 1020 to 1048 kg m-3 and 33 to 35.5˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 75.5 to 75.2 per cent and 531 to 470 kg m-3 respectively. For Vengurle 4 the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 21.0 to 24.1mm, 3362 to 5113 mm3, 1391 to 1828 mm2, 970 to 1030 kg m-3 and 32.5 to 38˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.8 to 66.8 per cent, 517 to 462 kg m-3, respectively. For Vengurle 7 the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 24.2 to 24.9 mm, 5102 to 5547 mm3, 1840 to 1941 mm2, 998 to 1045 kg m-3 and 33 to 38˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.4 to 65.8 per cent, 518 to 438 kg m-3, respectively.

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PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PATI KULIT NANAS (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGIKAT PADA GRANUL CTM

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.8.2019.29255 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 203

Author(s):

Tekla Kalalo ◽

Paulina V. Y. Yamlean ◽

Gayatri Citraningtyas

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

High Water ◽

Flow Time ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

High Water Content ◽

Wet Granulation ◽

Water Density ◽

Pineapple Peel ◽

Binder Solution

ABSTRACTThe biggest component found in pineapple peel are water and starch. One of the excipient that usually used in granule is starch that can used as disintegrant, filler and binder. This study aims to formulate and evaluate granule preparations with Pineapple peel starch binder at concentration of 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%. The Pineapple peel dried with oven and then mashed up with blender and precipitated in water until obtained starch. The Pineapple peel starch made as a binder in four formulations of granule based on different concentrate of Pineapple peel starch, they are F I 4%, F II 6%, F III 8% and F IV 10%. The Granules made by method of wet granulation by adding binder solution of pineapple peel starch to four formulations, and then dried and evaluated. The result evaluation of organoleptic gave the best result in formula III and IV, flow time of each formula has time a flow time that not too far different, 5.04-5.57 seconds, angle of repose in formula I-IV meet the requirements and formed the smallest angle in formula I 28°, real density of each formula about 1.09-1.82 g/ml and meet the requirements because they are bigger than water density, while the moisture content and loss on drying doesn’t meet the requirements because has high water content. The conclusion is Pineapple peel starch can’t be used as a binder in CTM granule. Keywords : Pineapple, Starch, Binder, Granules, Wet Granulation ABSTRAKKomponen terbesar yang terdapat dalam kulit Nanas ialah air dan pati. Salah satu bahan tambahan yang sering digunakan dalam pembuatan granul ialah pati yang dapat berfungsi sebagai bahan penghancur, bahan pengisi dan bahan pengikat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan dan mengevaluasi sediaan granul CTM dengan bahan pengikat pati kulit Nanas pada konsentrasi 4%, 6%, 8% dan 10%. Kulit nanas dikeringkan dengan oven kemudian dihaluskan dengan blender dan diendapkan dalam air sampai diperoleh butiran pati. Pati kulit Nanas dibuat sebagai bahan pengikat pada empat formulasi granul berdasarkan konsentrasi pati kulit Nanas yang berbeda yaitu F I 4%, F II 6%, F III 8% dan F IV 10%. Granul dibuat dengan metode granulasi basah yaitu dengan menambahkan larutan pengikat pati kulit Nanas pada empat formulasi, kemudian dikeringkan dan dievaluasi. Hasil evaluasi organoleptis memberikan hasil terbaik pada formula III dan IV, waktu alir dari tiap formula memiliki waktu yang tidak jauh berbeda yaitu 5,04-5,57 detik, sudut diam pada formula I-IV memenuhi persyaratan dan membentuk sudut terkecil pada formula I yaitu 28°, BJ sejati dari tiap formula berkisar dari 1,09-1,82 g/ml sehingga memenuhi persyaratan karena lebih besar dari BJ air, porositas dari formulasi I-IV memenuhi persyaratan yang memiliki range 46%-67,4%, sedangkan pada kandungan lembab dan kadar air tidak memenuhi persyaratan karena memiliki kandungan air yang terlalu tinggi. Kesimpulannya pati kulit Nanas tidak dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pengikat pada granul CTM.Kata Kunci : Nanas, Pati, Bahan Pengikat, Granul, Granulasi Basah

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Physical properties of coriander seeds at different moisture content

International Agrophysics ◽

10.2478/v10247-012-0059-x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 419-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. Balasubramanian ◽

K.K. Singh ◽

R. Kumar

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Unit Volume ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Static Friction ◽

Major Axis ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Rupture Force ◽

True Density ◽

Seed Moisture

Abstract Physical properties of coriander seeds were determined at moisture content of 3.5-17.7%, d.b. The major axis and 1 000 seeds mass were found to decrease nonlinearly with increase in seed moisture. The medium and minor axes, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, unit volume, surface area and angle of repose increased linearly. Bulk density decreased linearly, however the true density increased non-linearly. The coefficient of static friction increased nonlinearly for different surfaces with increase in moisture level and its maximum was found for plywood surface. The rupture force and energy absorbed decreased linearly with increasing moisture content.

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Evaluation of Prunus domestica gum as a novel tablet binder

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1590/s1984-82502011000100020 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 195-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Haroon Rahim ◽

Mir Azam Khan ◽

Amin Badshah ◽

Kamran Ahmad Chishti ◽

Salimullah Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnesium Stearate ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Binding Potential ◽

Wet Granulation ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Dissolution Profile ◽

Prunus Domestica ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Model Drug ◽

Pvp K30

To evaluate binding potential of Prunus domestica gum in tablets formulations. Six tablet batches (F-1B to F-6B) were prepared by wet granulation method, containing Avicel pH 101 as diluent, sodium diclofenac as model drug using 10, 15 and 20 mg of Prunus domestica gum as binder and PVP K30 was used as standard binder. Magnesium stearate was used as lubricant. Flow properties of granules like bulk density, tapped density, Carr index, Hausner’s ratio, angle of repose as well as physical parameters of the compressed tablets including hardness, friability, thickness and disintegration time were determined and found to be satisfactory. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis showed that the formulation containing plant gum is compatible with the drug and other excipients used in tablets formulation. Hence the plant gum has role as a potential binder in tablets formulations. The dissolution profile showed that tablets formulations containing Prunus domestica gum 15 mg/200 mg of total weight of tablet as binder showed better results as compared to PVP K30.

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Sand Granules Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kirinyuh (Eupatorium inulifolium Kunth.) sebagai Larvasida Alami Pemberantas Demam Berdarah Dengue

Jurnal Pharmascience ◽

10.20527/jps.v7i1.8067 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Puji Hartati ◽

Yance Anas ◽

Ririn Lispita Wulandari

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Wet Granulation ◽

Larvicidal Effect

ABSTRAK Penelitian sebelumnya telah mengungkap efek larvasida ekstrak etanol daun kirinyuh (Eupatorium inulifolium Kunth.) terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Ekstrak ini selanjutnya dapat dikembangkan dalam bentuk sediaan sand granules sehingga mudah digunakan sebagai larvasida alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formula sand granules ekstrak etanol daun Eupatorium inulifolium Kunth (EEDE) yang memenuhi standar karakteristik fisik granul dan menguji efek larvasidanya pada larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Sand granules EEDE dibuat dengan metode granulasi basah dengan variasi konsentrasi kollidon (1%-5%), explotab (1%-3%) dan sacharum lactis (78,44%-84,44%). Karakteristik fisik berbagai formula Sand granules EEDE yang diuji adalah kecepatan alir dan sudut diam. Uji efek larvasida dilakukan pada 25 ekor larva instar III nyamuk Aedes aegypti selama 24 jam dengan replikasi sebanyak 5 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua formula Sand granules EEDE (F1-F5) memenuhi standar karakteristik fisik dengan kecepatan alir (16,69-19,35) g/detik dan sudut diam granul 32,94°-35,76°. F1-F5 juga memiliki efek larvasida terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti dengan persentase kematian larva dalam 24 jam sebesar (33,0-39,2) %. Akan tetapi, efek larvasida tersebut lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan EEDE 670 ppm (49,6%) dan Temefos® 0,01 ppm (100,0%). Hasil penelitian ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa proses pembuatan sand granules akan menyebabkan penurunan efek larvasida EEDE. Kata Kunci: Daun kirinyuh, efek larvasida, karakteristik fisik, sand granules ABSTRACT Previous studies reported Eupatorium inulifolium Kunth. leaves ethanol extract (ELEE) have a larvicidal effect on Aedes aegypti larvae. This extract can be developed into sand granules formulation, making it easy to use as a natural larvicidal. This study means to obtain the ELEE sand granules formula that meets the granule's physical characteristics standard, and asses it's a larvicidal effect on Aedes aegypti larvae. Sand granules of ELEE produced with the wet granulation method. The differences between formulas are variations of Kollidon (1%-5%), Explotab (1%-3%), and Saccharum Lactis (78.44%-84.44%) concentration. The physical characteristics of the various KLEE sand granules formulas observed are flow rate and angle of repose. The assay of the ELEE larvicidal effect was carried out on twenty-five Aedes aegypti Instar III larvae for 24 hours with five replications. The results showed that all ELEE sand granules formulas (F1-F5) met the physical characteristics standard, with a flow rate (16.69-19.35) g/sec and an angle of repose 32.94 °-35.76°. F-F5 also had larvicidal effects on Aedes aegypti larvae, with larval mortality within 24 hours (33.0-39.2) %. However, their larvicidal effect is slight compared to ELEE 670 ppm (49.6%) and Temefos® 0.01 ppm (100.0%). This study also concludes that the process of sand granules preparation will diminish the larvicidal effects of ELEE. Keywords: Kirinyuh leaves, larvacidal effect, physical characteristics, sand granules

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FORMULASI TABLET HISAP EKSTRAK RIMPANG TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) DENGAN BAHAN PENGISI SORBITOL DAN LAKTOSA

Jurnal Ilmiah Pamenang ◽

10.53599/jip.v3i2.83 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 9-14

Author(s):

Nafisah isnawati ◽

Mega Fitriya Purnama Dewi

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Wet Granulation ◽

Food Ingredient ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Flow Angle ◽

Curcuma Xanthorrhiza ◽

The One ◽

Tablet Hardness

Abstrak Temulawak adalah tanaman yang tumbuh berumpun, yang telah dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian masyarakat Indonesia, baik sebagai obat tradisional, sebagai pewarna maupun sebagai bahan pangan. Perlu dibuat sediaan tablet hisap agar dapat digunakan dengan nyaman dan praktis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh kombinasi bahan pengisi sorbitol dan laktosa terhadap karakteristik granul ekstrak rimpang temulawak dan terhadap mutu fifik tablet hisap ekstrak temulawak. Tablet hisap esktrak rimpang temulawak dibuat dengan campuran bahan pengisi sorbitol dan laktosa dengan konsentrasi berbeda yaitu F1 (sorbitol 5%: laktosa 95%), F2 (Sorbitol 10% dan laktosa 90%), F3 (Sorbitol 15%: Laktosa 85%), F4 (Sorbitol 20% : laktosa 80%), F5 (Sorbitol 25%: laktosa 75%). Tablet dibuat dengan granulasi basah. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental laboratorium dengan melakukan pengamatan dan pencatatan hasil dari formulasi tablet hisap ekstrak rimpang temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) dengan bahan pengisi sorbitol dan laktosa. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 21 dengan metode ANOVA oneway dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu konsentrasi sorbitol dan laktosa terbaik untuk menghasilkan tablet hisap ekstrak temulawak adalah konsentrasi sorbitol (5%) dan laktosa (95%) dengan kecepatan alir 16,5±0,304 g/detik, persen kompresibilitas 6,57±0,069%, kadar lembab 1,47±0,06%, kekerasan 10,25±0,79 kP. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan konsentrasi sorbitol dapat menurunkan sifat tabletasi dan memperbaiki sifat fisik dari granul, makin tinggi konsentrasi sorbitol kekerasan tablet semakin menurun, dan meningkatkan kerapuhan dan waktu hancur tablet. Sedangkan semakin banyak konsentrasi laktosa meningkatkan sifat alir sudut diam, persen kompresibilitas dan menurunkan kadar lembab. Kata kunci : Temulawak, Tablet hisap, Sorbitol, Laktosa Abstrak Temulawak is a plant that grows in clumps, which has been used by some Indonesian people, both as traditional medicine, as a dye and as a food ingredient. It is necessary to make lozenges so that they can be used comfortably and practically. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the combination of sorbitol and lactose as fillers on the granule characteristics of the temulawak rhizome extract and on the physical quality of the lozenges of the temulawak extract. Temulawak rhizome extract lozenges were made with a mixture of sorbitol and lactose as fillers with different concentrations, namely F1 (sorbitol 5%: lactose 95%), F2 (Sorbitol 10% and lactose 90%), F3 (Sorbitol 15%: Lactose 85%), F4 (Sorbitol 20%: lactose 80%), F5 (Sorbitol 25%: lactose 75%). Tablets are prepared by wet granulation. This study used a laboratory experimental design by observing and recording the results of the formulation of lozenges of temulawak rhizome extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) with sorbitol and lactose as fillers. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 21 with the one-way ANOVA method with a 95% confidence level. The results of this study are the best concentrations of sorbitol and lactose to produce lozenges of temulawak extract are concentrations of sorbitol (5%) and lactose (95%) with a flow rate of 16.5±0.304 g/second, percent compressibility 6.57±0.069%, moisture content 1.47±0.06%, hardness 10.25±0.79 kP. From this research, it can be concluded that the addition of sorbitol concentration can decrease the tableting properties and improve the physical properties of the granules, the higher the sorbitol concentration, the lower the tablet hardness, and increase the friability and disintegration time of the tablets. Meanwhile, the more lactose concentration increases the flow angle of repose, the percent compressibility and reduces the moisture content Keywords : Temulawak, Lozenges, Sorbitol, Lactose Keywords : Temulawak, Lozenges, Sorbitol, Lactose

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