scholarly journals Maternal and Paternal Authority Styles and Developmental Outcomes: An Investigation of University Students in Turkey and the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Hamide Gozu ◽  
Joan Newman ◽  
Kimberly Colvin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Parental Authority ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Authoritarian Parenting ◽  
American Students ◽  
The Us ◽  
Using Data

Using data from undergraduates in both Turkey and the United States, we examined cultural differences in the perceived parenting authority styles and the links between perceived parenting authority styles, academic achievement, and self-esteem. We also examined the separate contributions of fathers and mothers in each country. A total of 423 undergraduates (196 from Turkey and 227 from the US) completed the Buri Parent Authority Questionnaire to report on the parenting styles of their parents. They also reported on their own college GPA and completed the Rosenberg self-esteem measure. Some adjustment of the parenting scales was needed in order to achieve cross-cultural measurement invariance. Our study revealed that there were differences of parental style both between and within the two countries. Fathers were reported to be more authoritarian than mothers, and mothers to be more authoritative. Higher levels of authoritarian parenting by fathers was found in the American data. Some parental authority measures were associated with the students’ self-esteem, and all of these involved paternal authority. Paternal authoritarian parenting was negatively associated with the students’ self-esteem in the Turkish data, with paternal authoritative parenting positively associated with the self-esteem of the American students only. The study’s findings suggest that researchers should not ignore differences in parental authority style between mothers and fathers, nor differences between different countries. In particular, the role of fathers should not be overlooked.

scholarly journals Children's sociable and aggressive behaviour with peers: A comparison of the US and Australia, and contributions of temperament and parenting styles

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Russell ◽  
Craig H. Hart ◽  
Clyde C. Robinson ◽  
Susanne F. Olsen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Authoritarian Parenting ◽  
Relationally Aggressive ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Children ◽  
Culture Differences

Links between both temperament and parenting, and children's sociable and aggressive behaviour with peers (physical and relational), were examined. The research was undertaken in two Western cultures (the United States and Australia) assumed to be similar in socialisation practices and emphases. The moderating effects of parent sex and child sex were also examined. Parents completed questionnaires on parenting styles and child temperament. Preschool teachers rated children's aggressive and sociable behaviour. US children were rated higher on both types of aggression by teachers and on sociability, activity, and emotionally by parents. Girls were rated as more relationally aggressive and more prosocial than boys, with boys higher on physical aggression. Mothers were more authoritative, with fathers more authoritarian, although the latter was mainly a result obtained from US parents. In both the United States and Australia, temperament consistently predicted child sociable and aggressive behaviours, with some evidence of fathers' authoritarian parenting also contributing. The results show the relevance for parenting and child development of gender, and the importance of culture differences even between two Western and individualist countries.

scholarly journals Home hours in the United States and Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Fang ◽  
Cara McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data

AbstractUsing data from the Multinational Time Use Study, this paper documents the trend and level of time allocation, with a focus on home hours, for the US and European countries. Three patterns emerge. First, home hours per person have declined in both the US and European countries over the past 50 years. Second, female time allocation contributes more to the difference in time allocation per person between the US and European countries than does male time allocation. Third, the time allocation between the US and European countries is more similar for prime-age individuals than for young and old individuals.

Changing Industry Preferences in the United States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Peters
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Trade Associations ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Us ◽  
Using Data

This chapter examines firms' willingness to support low-skill immigration by focusing on changing industry preferences in the United States. In particular, it considers preferences and lobbying on low-skill immigration by different sectors using data on which sectors testify before the US Congress on immigration and data on their lobbying behavior. The chapter first provides an overview of low-skill immigration policy in the United States before discussing the preferences of three different industries by looking at their trade associations: textile industry, steel industry, and agriculture. It analyzes how the willingness of these industries to lobby on low-skill immigration has changed with trade openness, international competition, firm mobility, productivity and technology adoption.

A Realignment of the Catholic Church in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-275
Author(s):  
Jonathon L. Wiggins ◽  
Mary L. Gautier ◽  
Thomas P. Gaunt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
The United States ◽  
Faith Communities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Us Census ◽  
The Catholic Church

The official, parish-identified, Catholic population in the United States over the past forty years (1980 to 2019) has grown 40 percent, from about 48 million to over 67 million. Such a hearty rate of growth might lead one to assume that the Catholic population is increasing across all parts of the country. This growth, however, has been anything but uniform. From 1980 to the present, the Catholic population in some US Census regions—mostly in the South and in the West of the country—has experienced a boom, while in others—mostly in the Northeast and Midwest—it has experienced a bust. In this article, the growth or decline in the number of Catholics in each of the four US Census regions is explored, using data from the 2020 Faith Communities Today survey as well as data submitted by Catholic dioceses. These analyses give a more nuanced portrait of the Catholic Church in the United States, shedding light on both the challenges and opportunities the US Catholic Church is experiencing in 2021.

Individualism, Collectivism, and Well-being Among a Sample of Emerging Adults in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 216769682110545
Author(s):  
John B. Nezlek ◽  
Ashley Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
The Us ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism

An increasing body of research suggests that emerging adults living in Western societies are becoming more individualistic and such increases in individualism are associated with reduced well-being. The present study examined relationships between well-being and individualism and collectivism among 1906 emerging adults in the US, aged 18–25. We measured individualism and collectivism distinguishing horizontal and vertical dimensions of these constructs, and we measured well-being in terms of depression, anxiety, self-esteem, interpersonal relationships, and neuroticism. Regression analyses found that individualism was negatively related to well-being, and these relationships varied somewhat between horizontal and vertical individualism. Horizontal collectivism was positively related to all measures of well-being, and vertical collectivism was positively related to three measures. These findings increase our understanding of the roles individualism and collectivism play in the psychological well-being of emerging adults, including the importance of distinguishing horizontal and vertical dimensions of individualism and collectivism.

How Good Am I? Implicit and Explicit Self-Esteem as a Function of Perceived Parenting Styles Among Children With ADHD

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 1207-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Kurman ◽  
Lily Rothschild-Yakar ◽  
Ruth Angel ◽  
Miri Katz
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Authoritarian Parenting ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Permissive Parenting ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Objective: To investigate implicit and explicit self-esteem and academic self-evaluation among children with ADHD as a function of parenting styles, namely, authoritarian, authoritative and permissive parenting. Method: Participants included 43 children with ADHD and 35 non-ADHD controls who filled out self-concept and perceived parenting style questionnaires. They also took an Implicit Association Test (IAT) that measured unacknowledged self-esteem. Results: Lower self-esteem was found among children with ADHD than among controls, with stronger effect on the implicit level. Perceived authoritarian parenting was related to lower implicit self-esteem among children with ADHD. Higher self-esteem was found in the authoritative than in the permissive parenting groups in the non-ADHD control group but not among children with ADHD. Conclusion: The role of parental support versus authoritarian parenting in terms of implicit self-esteem points to the importance of promoting responsiveness strategies among parents in the treatment of children with ADHD.

scholarly journals Is There a Temporal Relationship between COVID-19 Infections among Prison Staff, Incarcerated Persons and the Larger Community in the United States?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6873
Author(s):  
Danielle Wallace ◽  
John M. Eason ◽  
Jason Walker ◽  
Sherry Towers ◽  
Tony H. Grubesic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prison Staff ◽  
Federal Prisons ◽  
Strong Conclusion ◽  
Federal Bureau Of Prisons ◽  
The Us ◽  
Using Data

Background: Our objective was to examine the temporal relationship between COVID-19 infections among prison staff, incarcerated individuals, and the general population in the county where the prison is located among federal prisons in the United States. Methods: We employed population-standardized regressions with fixed effects for prisons to predict the number of active cases of COVID-19 among incarcerated persons using data from the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) for the months of March to December in 2020 for 63 prisons. Results: There is a significant relationship between the COVID-19 prevalence among staff, and through them, the larger community, and COVID-19 prevalence among incarcerated persons in the US federal prison system. When staff rates are low or at zero, COVID-19 incidence in the larger community continues to have an association with COVID-19 prevalence among incarcerated persons, suggesting possible pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission by staff. Masking policies slightly reduced COVID-19 prevalence among incarcerated persons, though the association between infections among staff, the community, and incarcerated persons remained significant and strong. Conclusion: The relationship between COVID-19 infections among staff and incarcerated persons shows that staff is vital to infection control, and correctional administrators should also focus infection containment efforts on staff, in addition to incarcerated persons.

scholarly journals Elections, Ideology, and Turnover in the US Federal Government

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Bolton ◽  
John M de Figueiredo ◽  
David E Lewis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Career Decisions ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Senior Executives ◽  
Federal Employees ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Federal Government ◽  
Using Data

Abstract A defining feature of public sector employment in the United States is the regular change in elected leadership. We describe how these changes alter policy and disrupt civil servants’ influence over agency decisions, potentially shaping their career choices. Using data on careers from over three million federal employees in the United States from 1988 to 2011, we evaluate how administration changes influence turnover in a series of regression analyses. We find substantial stability in the civil service but also some pockets of responsiveness to political factors, particularly among career senior executives in agencies with views divergent from the president’s. A combination of factors, including transitions, policy priorities, and ideological differences, could increase turnover propensity for these employees by nearly one-third in some agencies over an administration’s first term. This has implications for understanding possible mechanisms linking politics and organizational capacity and for understanding how and for whom politics is influential in career decisions.

Perspectives pour la paix mondiale à une époque de turbulence : Les États-Unis et les crises internationales

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-90
Author(s):  
Patrick James ◽  
Athanasios Hristoulas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International System ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Politics ◽  
External Factors ◽  
World War ◽  
International Crises ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Using Data

Recent events in world politics raise Fundamental doubts about the reasons behind conflict, crisis and war. What, for example, causes a state to become involved in an international crisis ? In an attempt to answer that question, the present study focuses on the experiences of a leading member of the international System over a sustained period of time, specifically, the United States in the post-World War 11 era. Ultimately, in order to develop a more comprehensive explanation of activity by the United States in international crises, this investigation combines external factors with others from within the state. Following a brief review of the research program on conflict linkage, internal attributes with potential relevance to involvement by states in crises are identified. External influences on foreign policy, consistent with the tradition of realpolitik, also are specified. These elements then are combined in a model of conflict linkage. Using data pertaining both the US as a polity and an actor in the international System, propositions derived from the model are tested in the crisis domain. The study concludes with some recommendations for further research on the linkage of domestic and foreign conflict, with particular reference to the explanation of crises.

scholarly journals Young Women In The United States Increasingly Underestimate Their Weight, and Young Women In Korea Overestimate It

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Sook Kim ◽  
Jin Kook Kim ◽  
Jae Hoon Cho
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Young Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Body Image Perception ◽  
The Us ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Using Data

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in body image perception between young women in the United States and Korea. The study was conducted using data from young women aged between 20 and 40 who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2018) of the US and Korea. "Overweight" body image perception with normal body weight was considered underestimation. Overweight or obesity with a "normal weight" or "underweight" body image perception is considered as overestimating. The percentage of young women who were overweight or obese was about 60% in the US and about 20% in Korea. Twenty years ago, the percentage of young women who overestimated their weight in the US was 30.3%, before steadily declining. In Korea, it was 25.8% before rising to more than 41.9% in 2008. Of the overweight women, 32.6% in the US and 15.7% in Korea underestimated their weight 20 years ago, but since then, the percentage has gradually increased in the US and declined in Korea. Body image perception differed according to marital status and race. In conclusion, young women in the US tend to underestimate their weight while in Korea they tend to overestimate it.

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