scholarly journals Natural Seedling Recruitment and Regeneration in Deforested and Sand-Filled Mangrove Forest at Eagle Island, Niger Delta Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aroloye O. Numbere
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Natural Seedling ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

Seed recruitment is a major driver of mangrove restoration globally. It is hypothesized that soil condition and channel hydrology can accelerate seedling recruitment and regeneration after a major disturbance. Species abundance, diversity indices, microbial and chemical concentrations in sand-filled mangrove forest was studied. Eight plots (area = 3902.16 m2) were established with ten transects in each plot in a random block design to investigate the effect of soil conditions on seedling growth. A total of 1, 886 seedlings were physically counted. Seedling abundance was significantly different between red (Rizophora racemosa), white (Laguncularia racemosa) and black (Avicennia germinans) mangroves and nypa palm (nypa fruticans). The most dominant species was black mangroves and the least dominant species was nypa palm. Muddy soils had the most abundant species while sandy soils had the least abundant species. Furthermore, semi-muddy soils had the highest species diversity (H = 0.948) whereas muddy soils had the least species diversity (H = 0.022). The soil metal concentration has no correlation with seed abundance and occur in the order Iron>Nitrate>Copper>Cadmium. Soil with high species diversity had high soil microbial population; however, seedling abundance was correlated with soil nutrients and not heavy metals. Small seeds are easily recruited while good soil condition plus existing hydrological connection facilitated natural seedling regeneration in the disturbed mangrove forest.

scholarly journals Alleviation of Sodicity Stress in Green Gram and Black Gram Using Plant Growth Regulating Substances

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
S. Nithila ◽  
R. Amutha ◽  
R. Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
The Impact

Most of the pulses in India are grown in low fertility, problematic soils and unpredictable environmental conditions. Major issues in pulse production are poor establishment and low harvest index. In pulses harvest index is only 15-20%. Physiological manipulations such as spraying of hormones and nutrients that reduce flower drop and thereby facilitate large sink size. The objective of this research is to study the impact of Growth regulating substances on germination and establishment and economic yield of black gram and green gram under Sodic soil conditions. The study area is Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Trichy. The nature of soil is sodicity with exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of 18.94% with pH of 9.02. The two crop varieties green gram VBN (Gg) 2 & black gram VBN (Bg) 6 were employed under sodic soil condition. Field experiment was conducted during late July to October 2017 under sodic soil condition with ten treatments. The experiment was laid out in a Randamized Block Design with three replications. Foliar spray was given at flower initiation and pod initiation stages. Ten treatment combinations were employed by T1: Control, T2: Seed Treatment (ST) with Ammonium Molybdate (AM) 0.05% + foliar spray of ZnSO4 – 0.5%. T3: AM 0.05% + Panchagavya -3.0%,              T4: AM 0.05% + foliar spray of KCl -1%, T5: ST with GA3 50 ppm + foliar spray of ZnSO4 – 0.5%,   T6: GA3 50 ppm + Panchagavya -3.0%, T7: GA3 50 ppm + KCl -1%, T8: Cowpea Sprout Extract 2% +ZnSO4 – 0.5%, T9: Cowpea Sprout Extract 2% +Panchagavya -3.0%, T10: Cowpea Sprout Extract 2% + foliar spray of KCl -1%. In conclusion the yield enhancement in best treatment may be due to the presence of bioactive substances in sprouted cowpea extracts and panchagavya were found effective towards yield maximization.

scholarly journals Rhizosphere Microbial Population and Plant Species Diversity as Influenced by Chromolaena odorata Invasion

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Solomon A. Adejoro ◽  
Lekan C. Aguda
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Species Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

Invasive plant species have been commonly implicated to cause loss in plant species diversity. Attention had however not been paid to the effects of these species loss on the soil microbiome. A study was conducted in 18 farmers’ fields within three states in southwestern Nigeria to examine the effect of Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) invasion on native plant diversity as well as on the rhizosphere microbial population using randomized complete block design. Results indicated significant losses in plant species diversity and reduction in density per square meter compared with adjacent non infested fields. Results further showed C. odorata invasion exerted diverse influence on soil microbial population. Relationships were subsequently established among plant density, species diversity; and soil microbial population. Further studies were also recommended to accommodate more microbiological indices.

Calycophorae (Siphonophora) in the open waters of the central and southern Adriatic Sea during spring 2002

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davor Lučić ◽  
Adam Benović ◽  
Mirna Batistić ◽  
Jakica Njire ◽  
Vladimir Onofri
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
The South ◽  
Diel Migration

Twenty species of calycophoran siphonophores were identified from the central and south Adriatic Sea in spring 2002. Highest abundance and species diversity were noted at the deepest stations in the south Adriatic. Highest total abundance was found in the upper 100 m. The dominant species above 100 m were Lensia subtilis, Eudoxoides spiralis and Sphaeronectes gracilis, none of which showed diel migration. The first two species correlated significantly with the vertical abundance of microzooplankton, and the last with that of copepods. The most abundant species in the 100-400 m layer was Lensia meteori, whereas Lensia conoidea and Chlausophyes ovata were most abundant below 400 m.

DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF ORIBATID MITE FAUNA(ACARI: ORIBATIDA) IN THE FOREST FLOOR OF SATKOSIA BASIPALLY WILD LIFE SANCTUARY, ODISHA, INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SHELLEY ACHARYA ◽  
ADITI DUTTA
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Soil Mites ◽  
The Core ◽  
Humid Condition ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Wild Life

The studies were mostly concentrated in Nine forest ranges of the WLS including the core areas. The soil of this region mostly is dry, red and with iron and silica content. Though the soil mites are prevalent in moist humid condition, we got a diversed population of 20 different species under 14 genera which is less than average probably due to the soil condition. Protoribates magnus is the dominant species in this study. The species with larger ranges were Scheloribates curvialatus.

Carabidae (Coleoptera) in Nova Scotia, Canada wild blueberry fields: prospects for biological control

2012 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Cutler ◽  
J.M. Renkema ◽  
C.G. Majka ◽  
J.M. Sproule
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Conservation Biological Control ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Wild Blueberries ◽  
Wild Blueberry

AbstractThe Carabidae (Coleoptera) are a diverse family of beetles with almost 300 species identified in Nova Scotia, Canada. Carabid beetle communities have been studied in several agricultural systems, but not wild blueberries, an important crop in eastern Canada. In the interest of potentially developing conservation biological control programs in wild blueberry, we collected Carabidae in crop (fruit-bearing) and sprout (vegetative) blueberry fields in Nova Scotia in order to assess species diversity and abundance over space and time. Over 3200 specimens were collected, representing 51 species. A large portion of collected specimens (39%) were nonnative, and the most abundant species were generally predacious and synanthropic. Species diversity tended to be higher near forest edges than further into fields, but not for all abundant species. Several of the most prominent predators showed significant differences in preference of crop versus sprout fields, distribution throughout fields, and seasonable abundance. These findings have implications for conservation biological control efforts with carabid beetles against several insect pests in wild blueberry.

Dominant species can produce a negative relationship between species diversity and ecosystem function

Oikos ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Creed ◽  
Robert P. Cherry ◽  
James R. Pflaum ◽  
Chris J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Negative Relationship

Effect of extremely severe winters on under-ice phytoplankton development in a mesotrophic lake (Eastern Poland)

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Władysława Wojciechowska ◽  
Tomasz Lenard
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Cyanobacteria And Algae ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

AbstractThe research was carried out in a mesotrophic and dimictic lake during winters with ice cover. In the last forty years, the development of phytoplankton was analyzed in five extreme winter seasons. The studies of phytoplankton characteristics in the water column took into account values of biomass, concentration of chlorophyll-a and species composition, including dominant species. Differences in the vertical distribution of flagellate and non-flagellate species belonging to cyanobacteria and algae were analyzed in the gradient of light and thermal conditions. The phytoplankton biomass was low and vertically differentiated, with the lowest values at the deeper part of the water column. Flagellate species from the group of Cryptophyceae, Chrysophyceae and Dinophyceae were most abundant. Species biodiversity was low but every winter the dominant species represented different taxonomic groups. In some periods, larger non-motile phytoplankton species from green or blue-green algae dominated. The research proved that the development of phytoplankton under the ice cover was limited mainly by light and, to a lesser extent, by temperature.

Diversity and community structure of Ephemeroptera in freshwater stream of Megamalai hills, Tamil Nadu, India

ENTOMON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
S. Barathy ◽  
T. Sivaruban ◽  
Srinivasan Pandiarajan ◽  
Isack Rajasekaran ◽  
M. Bernath Rosi
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Freshwater Stream ◽  
Species Diversity Indices ◽  
High Diversity

In the study on the diversity and community structure of Ephemeroptera in the freshwater stream of Chinnasuruli falls on Megamalai hills, a total of 523 specimens belonging to thirteen genera and five families were collected in six month periods. Of the five families, Teloganodidae and Leptophlebiidae exhibited high diversity and Caenidae showed low diversity. Choroterpes alagarensis (Leptophlebiidae) is the most dominant species. Diversity indices such as Shannon and Simpson indices showed that diversity was maximum in November and December and it was minimum in August and January. Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed that rainfall, water flow, turbidity, and air temperature were the major stressors in affecting the Ephemeropteran community structure.

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