scholarly journals Assessment of Traditional Rainwater Harvesting System in Barren Lands of a Semi-Arid Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basant Yadav ◽  
Nitesh Patidar ◽  
Anupma Sharma ◽  
Niranjan Panigrahi ◽  
Rakesh Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources Management ◽  
Potential Groundwater ◽  
Semi Arid

In semi-arid and arid regions, groundwater is the primary source for domestic, agricultural, and industrial supply. Scattered and erratic rainfall in these regions makes groundwater recharge more complex. Small-scale rainwater harvesting using both traditional and modern rainwater harvesting structures has been seen as a solution to the deepening groundwater crisis in India. In this study, shallow infiltration ponds locally known as Chaukas were studied to understand their groundwater recharge role and pastureland development. Potential groundwater recharge from these shallow infiltration ponds was estimated using the HYDRUS-1D model, simulating the sub-surface processes in the root zone. Field data collected in the year 2019 is used to calibrate the model for field conditions, while monsoon period data (July-August) of 2020 is used to validate the developed model. The developed model was then used to predict the potential groundwater recharge for the monsoon periods of the year 2019 and 2020.The shallow infiltration ponds allow approximately 5% additional rainfall to be available as potential recharge. The near soil surface moisture also helps develop natural grass cover used for pasture in the early dry periods. Analysis of the vegetation in the past 10 years suggests that these shallow infiltration ponds have converted barren lands into eco-hydrologically productive pasturelands. These Chauka systems have helped in sustainable water resources management in these water stressed regions along with the additional livelihood support through developed pasturelands for animal husbandry. They have potential wide application across India and beyond, as they simply require slightly sloping, barren land above an unconfined aquifer.

scholarly journals Open-Source Software Application for Hydrogeological Delineation of Potential Groundwater Recharge Zones in the Singida Semi-Arid, Fractured Aquifer, Central Tanzania

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Kassim Ramadhani Mussa ◽  
Ibrahimu Chikira Mjemah ◽  
Revocatus Lazaro Machunda
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Suitability Analysis ◽  
Lineament Density ◽  
Fractured Aquifer ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Potential Groundwater ◽  
Semi Arid

This study attempted to delineate and map potential groundwater recharge zones of the Singida, semi-arid, fractured crystalline basement aquifer using open source remote sensing and GIS software. Various thematic maps such as lithology/hydrogeology, soil, land-cover/use, slope, lineament density, drainage density and rainfall distribution were integrated in QGIS software. Vector input layers were rasterized and resampled using QGIS wrap projection function to make sure that the grid cells are of the same size. Reclassification using SAGA and GRASS reclass algorithms in QGIS was carried out to realign the factor classes in a consistent scale, and reclassification to a scale of 1 to 5 was carried out to harmonize the results. The study identified a number of potential areas for groundwater recharge, groundwater exploration, groundwater development and potential areas for artificial groundwater recharge. Potential groundwater recharge zones for the Singida semi-arid fractured aquifer are restricted to areas with high lineament density, cultivated areas, grassland and flat to gentle slopes. The potential of groundwater recharge is also observed in areas with low drainage density. The delineated zones provide a good understanding of the potential recharge zones, which are a starting point for recharge zone protection. This blended approach can be utilized for carrying out suitability analysis using the weighted overlay analysis approach. Areas designated good and very good are recommended for artificial recharging structures as an alternative technique for enhancing groundwater recharge through rainwater harvesting. This will help to augment groundwater storage in this semi-arid environment.

scholarly journals Modelling groundwater recharge, actual evaporation and transpiration in semi-arid sites of the Lake Chad Basin: The role of soil and vegetation on groundwater recharge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Neukum ◽  
Angela Gabriela Morales Santos ◽  
Melanie Ronelngar ◽  
Sara Vassolo
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Chloride Transport ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Chad Basin ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Lake Chad Basin ◽  
Potential Groundwater

Abstract. The Lake Chad Basin, located in the center of North Africa, is characterized by strong climate seasonality with a pronounced short annual precipitation period and high potential evapotranspiration. Groundwater is an essential source for drinking water supply as well as for agriculture and groundwater related ecosystems. Thus, assessment of groundwater recharge is very important although difficult, because of the strong effects of evaporation and transpiration as well as limited available data. A simple, generalized approach, which requires only a small number of field data, freely available remote sensing data, and well-established concepts and models, is tested for assessing groundwater recharge in the southern part of the basin. This work uses the FAO-dual Kc concept to estimate E and T coefficients at six locations that differ in soil texture, climate, and vegetation conditions. Measured values of soil water content and chloride concentrations along vertical soil profiles at these locations together with different scenarios for E and T partitioning and a Bayesian calibration approach are used to numerically simulate water flow and chloride transport. Average potential groundwater recharges and the associated model uncertainty at the six locations are assessed for the time-period 2003–2016. Model results show that interannual variability of groundwater recharge is generally higher than the uncertainty of the modelled groundwater recharge. Furthermore, the soil moisture dynamics at all locations are limited by water availability for evaporation in the uppermost part of the soil and by water uptake in the root zone rather than by the reference evapotranspiration.

Rainwater Harvesting Options to Support Off-Season Small-Scale Irrigation in Arid and Semi-arid Areas of Zimbabwe

2017 ◽  
pp. 175-197
Author(s):  
Menas Wuta ◽  
George Nyamadzawo ◽  
Blessing Nyamasoka ◽  
Rumbidzai Nyawasha ◽  
Grace Matayaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation ◽  
Semi Arid

Ferrihydrite dissolution at the root zone of crops under semi-arid condition controls the plant uptake of uranium and arsenic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindam Malakar ◽  
Michael Kaiser ◽  
Daniel D. Snow ◽  
Harkamal Walia ◽  
Chittaranjan Ray
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Arid Condition ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Heating performance of a laboratory pilot-plant combining heat exchanger and air scrubber for animal houses

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel S. Krommweh ◽  
Wolfgang Büscher
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Heating Performance ◽  
Livestock Buildings ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Recuperative Heat Exchanger

AbstractExhaust air treatment systems (EATS) are used in animal husbandry to reduce emissions. However, EATS are associated with high acquisition and operating costs. Therefore, a plant technology is being developed that integrates a recuperative heat exchanger into a biological air scrubber. The overall aim is to reduce total costs of livestock buildings with EATS by saving heating costs and to improve animal environment. In this study, a special pilot-plant on a small-scale, using clean exhaust air, was constructed to evaluate the heating performance on laboratory scale. Three assembly situations of the heat exchanger into trickle-bed reactor were part of a trial with two different defined air flow rates. In all three assembly situations, preheating of cold outside air was observed. The heating performance of the assembly situation with the sprayed heat exchanger arranged below showed an average of 4.4 kW at 1800 m3 h−1 (outside air temperature range 0.0–7.9 °C). This is up to 18% higher than the other two experimental setups. The heating performance of the pilot-plant is particularly influenced by the outside air temperature. Further research on the pilot-plant is required to test the system under field conditions.

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