scholarly journals Flooding increases respiration and sugar content in the tomato stem: survival strategy or “aimless” response?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Mignolli ◽  
Javier Barone ◽  
Maria Laura Vidoz
Keyword(s):  
Root Respiration ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
Substrate Availability ◽  
Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Environmental Constraint ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
The World ◽  
Plastic Responses

With flooding being one of the numerous challenges that ecosystems face throughout the world, plants are therefore obliged to adopt plastic responses in order to cope with this environmental constraint. When flooded, the tomato hypocotyl undergoes profound changes that entail rearrangements in its physiology and metabolism. In this work, we observed that, although soil flooding markedly dampens root respiration, the submerged hypocotyl surprisingly enhances oxygen consumption in spite of hypoxic conditions. Several pieces of evidence indicate that the respiratory pathway is indeed promoted in submerged stems. Besides, underwater hypocotyls are shown to accumulate sugars. Girdling and feeding experiments revealed that leaf-derived sucrose is metabolized and channelled to maintain respiration in underwater hypocotyls. Our data suggest that high respiration is required for sucrose unloading from phloem, since inhibition of hypocotyls respiration significantly prevents sugar build-up. As substrate availability increases, respiration is fuelled even more, leading to a sustained allocation of sugars to flooded hypocotyls.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity, Sugar Content and Phenolic Profiling of Blueberries Cultivars: A Comprehensive Comparison

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Tolga OKAN ◽  
İlhan DENİZ ◽  
Nurettin YAYLI ◽  
İhsan Güngör ŞAT ◽  
Mehmet ÖZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison

Commercial blueberry production has been a viable industry throughout the world for 95 years; because of blueberry is a good source of antioxidant. Blueberries are especially rich in anthocyanin, a flavonoid with potent antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study was to compare the phenolic quantities, antioxidant activities, anthocyanin, sugar and phenolic compounds of blueberries produced in Turkey with those of similar blueberry varieties produced around the world. As a result of the conducted analysis, the total phenolic content (TPC) amount found in the berries was 77.26-215.12 mg GAE/100 g, the total flavonoid content (TFC) was 30.44-91.69 mg QE/100 g and the total anthocyanin content (TAC) was 43.03-295.06 mg c3-GE/100 g. Examining the antioxidant activities of the berries, DPPH between 1.10-5.65 mg/ml, FRAP between 454.93-36832.96 µmol troloks/100 g, β-Carotene between 40.66-86.48%. It was determined that the natural berries contained much more phenolic compounds and higher antioxidant activity than that of the cultivars The result of HPLC analysis, chlorogenic acid is determined to be the dominant compound in all berries. Furthermore, fructose and glucose are found in all fruits in different quantities while sucrose is found in certain varieties of berries as well. At the end of the performed study the data indicate that wild and cultivars of blueberries are rich sources of antioxidants for local as well international industries importing this fruit for food processing and enormous products.

scholarly journals ANCAMAN HIPOKSIA BAGI EKOSISTEM PESISIR; PENGGUNAAN INDEKS AMMONIA-ELPHIDIUM (A-E) SEBAGAI PROKSI

OSEANA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Ricky Rositasari
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Double Effect ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Preliminary Information ◽  
The World

Hypoxia is one of the aquatic phenomena caused by natural and/or anthropogenic factors. Eutrophication is the main trigger of hypoxia in coastal waters throughout the hemisphere. Hypoxia that occurs in aquatic ecosystems refers to the low concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water column to less than 2 mg/L. Hypoxia causes a double effect, low oxygen supply for biotic physiological process, and triggers ocean acidification. Prolonged hypoxic conditions will have a significant impact on the food webs in coastal waters and sea waters, further conditions will ultimately have an impact on capture-based fishing activities. The case of hypoxia in Indonesian coastal waters has not been widely revealed and has not been a concern to be understood or traced to its existence. Retrospective as well as actual traces of hypoxia were revealed, especially in the waters of Jakarta Bay. The retrospective study was carried out using proxies that have been used in various tropical and subtropical countries, the Ammonia-Elphidium (A-E) index (Foraminifera). The results show that several places in the coastal waters of Jakarta Bay and Semarang have experienced episodic hypoxic events for several centuries. A brief review of phenomenal hypoxic events in other parts of the world and preliminary information on recorded events in several Indonesian coastal waters are expected to open stakeholder awareness about further threats of hypoxia in Indonesian waters.

scholarly journals Do fluorocarbons substantially increase transdermal oxygen delivery? A proof-of-principle study in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Lars Kaestner ◽  
Matthias W. Laschke ◽  
Thomas John ◽  
Christian Wagner ◽  
Anna Bogdanova
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Nude Mice ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Critical State ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Proof Of Principle

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients who need intensive medical care often require oxygen ventilation, but the number of ventilation machines is limited, and in some parts of the world, they are not available at all. In addition to patients for whom there is no access to ventilation machines there is also a considerable population of patients for whom ventilation is not sufficient for them to survive a critical state. Methods: Here, we propose and test an alternative oxygen supply through accelerated transdermal oxygen delivery. Covering the entire body with liquid fluorocarbons, which can dissolve 20 times more oxygen than water, we hypothesized to increase the contribution of transcutaneous respiration by a sustained amount. Results: Experiments applying pure medical grade perfluorodecalin on nude mice did not change their oxygenation in the blood under induced hypoxic conditions compared to control mice. However, increases in blood oxygenation below 2% could not be detected with the applied method. Conclusions: We could not establish a proof-of-principle for a substantial increase in oxygen supply by transdermal oxygen delivery in mammals.

scholarly journals Corn Silage, Meta-Analysis of The Quality and Yield of Different Regions in the World

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidro García-Chávez ◽  
Edgar Meraz-Romero ◽  
Octavio Castelán-Ortega ◽  
Joob Zaragoza Esparza ◽  
Jorge Osorio Avalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
The World

Corn silage (Zea mays L.) is the most widely used energy resource in the diets of dairy cattle around the world; it stands out for its higher biomass yields, good palatability, homogeneous quality at harvest and ease of silage due to its higher soluble sugar content. It was carried out a search of studies related to dry matter yield (ton ha-1), population density (plant density ha-1), dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), organic matter (OM), DM digestibility (DMD) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) and milk production per hectare (kg of milk ha-1) that was determined using MILK2006®. It was carried out a cluster analysis (CL, PROC CLUSTER) obtaining six groups of corn silage: CL1: "Starch", which included DMD, DFDN, TDN1xDM, Mega calories per kg of DM and kg of milk/ton/DM; CL2: "Fats" which included TDN1xMS, Mcal/kg/DM and kg of milk/ton/DM; CL3: "Dry Matter", conformed only by DFDN; CL4: "Plant Density" including Yield of DM ha-1 and Milk Production ha-1; CL5: "Neutral Detergent Fiber" and CL6: "Raw Protein". It is concluded that CL1 was characterized by a higher DMD, DFND, CNF and starch that allow a higher TNDx1DM and an energy concentration (Mcal/kg/DM) that shows a higher milk production (kg of milk/ton/DM ha-1). The characteristics of CL2 with higher EE, allow a higher TNDx1DM and an energy concentration (Mcal/kg/DM) with a higher milk production (kg of milk/ton/DM ha-1).

scholarly journals Methodology for assessment of competitive potential of functional purpose confectionery in the context of global market trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-297
Author(s):  
Z. V. Lovkis ◽  
A. M. Marhunova ◽  
S. E. Tamashevich ◽  
S. A. Kandratsenka ◽  
A. N. Marhunov
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Technical Program ◽  
Functional Efficiency ◽  
The World ◽  
Functional Purpose

The confectionery industry in the world belongs to dynamically developing sectors of the economy and fast-growing segments of the consumer market, due to the accelerated transformation of demand under influence of healthy nutrition and safety trends, as well as ability of the industry to adapt and develop considering consumer preferences through innovations and development of sustainable competitive strategies. New products with original consumer properties of functional purpose with a low sugar content and healthy fats are constantly appearing in the confectionery market. In this regard, assessment of products competitiveness should take into account the new qualities and availability to the consumer, which will allow commodity producers to form an efficient competitive strategy based on the analysis, plan innovative initiatives, and achieve success in promoting in the domestic and foreign markets. The paper presents the results of studying the trends in the world confectionery market, as well as marketing analysis of quality price parameters of products of domestic and foreign producers in the domestic market. An efficient methodology for assessing competitiveness of functional purpose confectionery products in terms of chocolate has been substantiated, and its testing results made it possible to identify the competitive advantages of domestic products in the field of organoleptic properties, nutritional value, functional efficiency and information content of packaging for the consumer. Use of the development in practice will make it possible to successfully position Belarusian chocolate as an original product of high quality, increase the added value of products for export, as well as form a stable consumer demand for healthy foods in the domestic market. Acknowledgments. The research was carried out as part of the Branch Scientific and Technical Program “Child Nutrition. Quality and safety” for 2016-2020, as well as the state program of scientific research “Quality and Efficiency of Agroindustrial Production” for 2016-2020, subprogram 1 “AIC Economy”.

Soft-balancing: SADC Former Liberation Movements’ Responses to the Imposition of Sanctions on Zimbabwe 2002 -2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-129
Author(s):  
More Panganayi ◽  
Tendayi Marovah
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
Political Survival ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Soft Balancing ◽  
Liberation Movements ◽  
International Anarchy

Background: This paper addresses a popular dichotomous African nationalist and independentist approaches to foreign policy mainly characterised by soft balancing and quiet diplomacy. This dichotomous approach has been dominated by the need to maintain independence from resurgent neo-colonial claws by promoting African agenda. The African nationalist and independentist prism are used to interrogate the misconceptions created by the resurgence of meetings of former liberation movements in Southern Africa. Objective: This paper aims to proffer alternative political survival tools that can be adopted by the weak global south states against resurgent neo-colonialism. Methods: Using the work of Machiavelli on international anarchy complemented by the soft balancing as a real-power politics theory, the paper offers alternative lenses to interpretation of impact of sanctions and subsequent strategic alliances formed after 2002 in Southern Africa. Findings: Depending on the dominant realist paradigm to analyse sanctions imposed on Zimbabwe, the paper confirms the anarchic nature of international society and that the formation of alliances was not an ad hoc reaction. Conclusions: Arguing that the world is anarchic and there is no international arbiter, the paper recommends soft balancing as a political survival strategy. Implications: This paper can be useful to concerned authorities of Zimbabwe in planning appropriate policies post sanction. For that purpose this study can serve as reference.

scholarly journals When Illiberals Embrace Human Rights

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 380-384
Author(s):  
Alexandra Huneeus
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Political Liberalism ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
The World ◽  
International Human

A topic motivating much research since 2016 is the turn away from international law caused by a surge in non-liberal and nationalist governments across the world. In the realm of human rights law, scholars have noted how states are now more apt to repudiate, resist, or simply ignore their human rights obligations. This essay makes a different cut into this topic. It considers not how non-liberal actors reject human rights law, but rather what happens when they embrace it. International human rights law in Latin America—often understood as a means of promoting a cosmopolitan, liberal political order—is also being harnessed toward other types of political projects. This raises the question of how necessary the link is between human rights and political liberalism: is non-liberal engagement an existential threat, or can human rights law have a thinner commitment to liberal principles than does, for example, national constitutional law? As the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR) turns fifty, this essay argues that the human rights law of the Americas is open-ended enough that it can incorporate, and has at times incorporated, non-liberal concerns and norms without losing coherence or legitimacy. Further, this may be an apt survival strategy, albeit not the only one, for the region's human rights institutions in our time.

Alternative oxidase inhibitors as antiparasitic agents against scuticociliatosis

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
pp. 1311-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
NATALIA MALLO ◽  
JESÚS LAMAS ◽  
JOSÉ M. LEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Oxidase ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Shock Proteins

SUMMARYPhilasterides dicentrarchi causes a severe disease in turbot, and at present there are no drugs available to treat infected fish. We have previously demonstrated that, in addition to the classical respiratory pathway, P. dicentrarchi possesses an alternative mitochondrial respiratory pathway that is cyanide-insensitive and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)-sensitive. In this study, we found that during the initial phase of growth in normoxia, ciliate respiration is sensitive to the natural polyphenol resveratrol (RESV) and to Antimycin A (AMA). However, under hypoxic conditions, the parasite utilizes AMA-insensitive respiration, which is completely inhibited by RESV and by the antioxidant propyl gallate (PG), an alternative oxidase (AOX) inhibitor. PG caused significantly dose-dependent inhibition of the in vitro growth of the parasite under normoxia and hypoxia and an over-expression of heat shock proteins of the Hsp70 subfamily. RESV and PG may affect the protective role of the AOX against mitochondrial oxidative stress, leading to an impaired mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial dysfunction, which the parasite attempts to neutralize by increasing the expression of Hsp70. In view of the antiparasitic effects induced by AOX inhibitors and the absence of AOX in their host, this enzyme constitutes a potential target for the development of new drugs against scuticociliatosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document