scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii Infection by Serological and Molecular Methods in Schizophrenia Patients with and without Suicide Attempts: An Age-Sex-Matched Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özer Akgül ◽  
Ömer Faruk Demirel ◽  
Cana Poyraz Aksoy ◽  
Ezgi Tanrıöver Aydın ◽  
Nuray Uysal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: The opinion that latent T. gondii infection is having a broadly asymptomatic projection has now been interrogated, in specific due to the echoed association between the latent infection and an elevated incidence of schizophrenia or even suicide attempts. Notwithstanding conducted studies aimed to understand this feasible link are restricted. Methods: In the present case-control study, we focused to illuminate the relationship between the serological and molecular presence of T. gondii and schizophrenia with or without the suicide attempts by comparing it with healthy individuals. A total of 237 participants (117 in schizophrenia; 120 in healthy control) were included in this study. Results: Overall, latent T. gondii infections were found statistically higher in 63 (53.8%) of the 117 patients with schizophrenia and in 33 (27.5%) of the 120 controls (p < 0.001). In schizophrenia patients, seroprevalence T. gondii was again found to be statistically higher in suicide attempters (59.6%), compared to no history of suicide attempts (48.3%) (p < 0.05). The molecular positivity rate of T. gondii DNA was higher in the schizophrenia group, compared to the healthy control group (p < 0.05), whereas the history of suicide attempts was not statistically associated (p = 0.831) with T. gondii DNA positivity by PCR. Conclusion: This case-control study enlightens additional demonstration to the belief that T. gondii infection would be an underlying component for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Regardless of the clarity results of this study, this supposition warrants further endorsement.

Prognosis of adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas: A matched case-control study.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14540-e14540
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Imaoka ◽  
Kenji Yamao ◽  
Susumu Hijioka ◽  
Kazuo Hara ◽  
Nobumasa Mizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Adenosquamous Carcinoma ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Pancreas ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

e14540 Background: Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas (ASC), which accounts for only 1-4% of exocrine pancreatic malignancies, is a variant of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the prognosis of ASC is still unclear because these reports were based on only case studies and small surgical series with early stage cancers. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the prognosis of ASC using a matched case-control study. Methods: Pathological and clinical records of ASC cases between 2001 and 2011 in our institution were examined. All ASC cases were diagnosed pathologically by a surgical or endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) specimen. First, to examine the efficacy of EUS-FNA for the diagnosis of ASC, the pathological findings of EUS-FNA were compared with the surgical findings in the resected cases of ASC. Next, to clarify the prognosis of ASC, the clinical characteristics of ASC were evaluated. As a control group, PDAC cases matched with ASC cases by sex, age, pretreatment ECOG-PS, location, initial therapy, and the AJCC TNM staging for pancreatic cancer were also included in this study. Results: Of the 914 cases of pancreatic neoplasms, 28 cases of ASC were identified (3.06%), and 56 cases of PDAC were matched as controls. Of 28 cases of ASC, 6 cases underwent curative resection, and 22 cases were unresectable. Of the 6 resected cases of ASC, 5 cases were diagnosed preoperatively by EUS-FNA (κ, 0.83; positive predictive value [PPV], 100%). Overall survival (OS) was significantly worse for ASC than for PDAC, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.94 (95% CI, 1.07 to 3.51; p=0.026; median 8.38 months vs. 15.75 months). Of the 22 unresected cases, the OS of ASC was significantly worse than that of PDAC, with an HR of 2.39 (95% CI, 1.27 to 4.51; p=0.007; median 4.67 months vs. 12.36 months). Conclusions: In the present study, EUS-FNA had a high PPV for the diagnosis of ASC, and ASC was found to be more aggressive than PDAC.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk of Selective and Nonselective Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors (COX-Is) in Arthritic Patients: A Comparative Matched Case Control Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-338
Author(s):  
N. Quraishi ◽  
U. Bhosale ◽  
R. Yegnanarayan ◽  
D. Devasthale
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

This study was conducted to assess and compare the cardiovascular risk and to explore the demography of CV risk of nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COX-Is) and selective COX-2-Is in arthritic patients. In this comparative matched case control study adult arthritic patients of either sex taking COX-Is for >1 yr; were included. Arthritic age and sex matched individuals with no history of COX-Is treatment were the controls. Patients those with history of any other disease (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, stroke, IHD etc.) were excluded. Patients were grouped into Control, nonselective COX-I and selective COX-2-I groups. The CV risk factors like blood pressure, blood sugar level(BSL), lipid profile, BMI(body mass index) etc. were assessed and compared; demography of CV risk factors i.e. age, sex, smoking, alcohol, heredity was also studied. Qualitative data was analyzed using Chi-square and quantitative data was analyzed by student’s‘t’-test. Study clearly revealed that all NSAIDs exhibit significant CV risk when taken over a period of time as in arthritis. However selective COX 2-Is found to exhibit more CV risk in this regard. Odds ratio (OR) for CV risk=10.3(95% CI: 1.45, 3.31) and OR for CV risk=5.2(95%CI: 1.05, 2.57) for nonselective COX-Is. BMI, BSL and lipid profile; the potential CV risk factors, showed significant impairment in selective COX 2-Is group; P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01 (HDL), P<0.001 (cholesterol), respectively compared to controls and P<0.05 compared to nonselective COX-Is. This study portrays the potential CV risk of selective COX 2-Is and confirms and re-evaluate the results of earlier studies in this regard.  Keywords: Anti-arthritic agents; BMI; COX-Is; CV risk; Lipid profile.  © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17039 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 328-338 (2014)  

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with early childhood caries – a case control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Marina De Deus Moura Lima ◽  
Zacarias Soares Brito-Neto ◽  
Heylane Oliveira Amaral ◽  
Cacilda Castelo Branco Lima ◽  
Marcoeli Silva de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with early childhood caries (ECC).Methods: It was an observational retrospective case-control study. The case group consisted of all patients diagnosed with ECC in the records of an active program of maternal and child care. The control group was composed of an equal number of children, matched for gender and age, who attended the program and did not have ECC. The process of data collection consisted of completing a pre-established schedule to analyse variables related to the mother/caregiver and child.Statisticalanalysis was performed using the chi-squared and odds ratio (OR), with alpha (α) = 0.05.Results: History of caries in the mother (OR=2.61; CI 95%=1.45-4.67) and father (OR=1.72; CI 95%=1.02-2.89) were key determinants in the child being diagnosed with ECC.Conclusions: The risk factors associated with ECC were the following: no oral hygiene acceptance, nocturnal feeding duration of more than 16 months, a daily intake of sugar greater than 4 times a day, a Baume type II maxillary arch, fewer than 3 consultations with the program, and a history of decay in the parents.

Case control study of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and breast cancer in Japanese women

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10012-10012
Author(s):  
M. Takeuchi ◽  
T. Saeki ◽  
M. Sano ◽  
H. Sonoo ◽  
H. Honjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

10012 Background: Some prospective studies in US and UK (represented by Women’s Health Initiative and Million Women Study) show that HRT use may increase the risk of breast cancer. However, it is unclear whether or not this perspective is applicable to Japanese women, due to several factors such as the difference in incidence of breast cancer, difference in HRT prevalence, which are to be concerned in this study. To investigate the relationship between HRT use and breast cancer, a case-control study was conducted in Japan. Methods: We sent self-administered questionnaire to 4,500 cases who have a previous history of confirmed histological breast cancer and 4,500 controls who were selected according to the inclusion criteria. All the subjects were between age 45 and 69 at the time of enrollment. Among these subjects, 3,434 in case group and 2,427 in control group sent back their questionnaire (total 5,861). The datacenter was run in Kitasato Univ. and the statistical analysis was performed using SAS (version 9.1). Control was selected by considering the screening record for GI disease and respiratory disorders, with no previous history of breast cancer, gynecological and hormonal disease at the time of screening. We asked about past history of exposure to the factors supposed to be breast cancer-causing; previous or current use of HRT, age at diagnosis, academic background, BMI, lifestyle habits, age of menarche, birth history, history of breast feeding, family history, use of contraceptive agents and menopausal status. Results: As the main analysis result, 164 (5.0%) out of 3,316 cases and 253 (7.4%) out of 2355 controls had used HRT (Odds ratio 0.432 [95% CI 0.352–0.530]. Conclusions: The result of this study shows that HRT users were less likely to develop breast cancer than never users. However, in this study, there was a difference in the observation period for the past use of HRT between cases and controls. Considering the transition of HRT prevalence in Japan, there may be a possibility that this difference can be a cause of a serious bias for the main analysis result. Further sensitivity analyses are needed to evaluate the robustness of the findings and this point is under consideration. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Headache: A Matched Case-Control Study in a Public Hospital in Durango City, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel ◽  
Yazmin del Rosario Rico-Almochantaf ◽  
Luis Francisco Sanchez-Anguiano ◽  
Gerardo Quinones-Canales ◽  
Jesus Hernandez-Tinoco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Is Entamoeba Gingivalis a Risk Factor for Periodontal Diseases? A Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Shabaan Hassan ◽  
Gihane Gharib Madkour ◽  
Ramy Wahba Henin ◽  
Selvia Wahib Fayek Gad ◽  
Amany Ahmed Abd El-Aal
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Control Study

Background: Entamoeba gingivalis was the first commensal parasite detected in the oral cavity of humans, and a high incidence has been reported in patients with poor oral hygiene. The current study aimed to investigate the association of Entamoeba gingivalis with gingivitis and periodontitis among Egyptian subjects. Methods: A total of 120 plaque samples were collected for this case-control study and were divided as follows: 40 plaque samples from gingivitis patients (group 1), 40 from stage II grade A and B periodontitis patients (group 2), and 40 samples from healthy volunteers (group 3). Diagnosis of parasitic stages relied on direct microscopic detection using permanent stains, trichrome stain, and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain, in addition to ocular micrometry to confirm the diagnosis. Results: The occurrence of Entamoeba gingivalis within the gingivitis group was significantly higher (40%) than that observed in the control group (22.5%), whereas the occurrence within the periodontitis group was 15%. Samples from diseased subjects, regardless of immune status, were found to be moderately to severely affected with numerous parasitic nests, in contrast to a moderate near mild occurrence that was recorded in the healthy control group. Moreover, Entamoeba gingivalis occurrence was significantly higher (77.4%) in subjects with bad oral hygiene. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest a potential role for the neglected oral parasitic Entamoeba gingivalis, especially the intensively multiplying forms, in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. This certainly needs further elucidation on a larger scale to explore the basis behind such multiplication, which may be related to genetic variation or may be pathophysiological in origin.

scholarly journals Complications of Pregnancy and the Risk of Developing Endometrial or Ovarian Cancer: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Xingyu Chen ◽  
Jiayi Sheng ◽  
Xinyi Sun ◽  
George Qiaoqi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

BackgroundThe association of complications of pregnancy and the risk of developing gynecological cancer is controversial with the limited study. In this study, we investigated the association of preeclampsia, or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), or large for gestational age (LGA), or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and the risk of endometrial or ovarian cancer.MethodsIn this case-control study, 189 women with endometrial cancer and 119 women with ovarian cancer were included. 342 women without gynecological cancers were randomly selected as a control group. Data on the history of pregnancy and age at diagnosis of gynecological cancer as well as the use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) were collected.ResultsWomen with a history of preeclampsia or IUGR did not have an increased risk of developing endometrial or ovarian cancer. While women with a history of GDM or with the delivery of LGA infant increased the risk of developing endometrial cancer but not ovarian cancer. The odds of women with a history of GDM or with the delivery of LGA infant developing endometrial cancer was 2.691 (95% CI: 1.548, 4.3635, p=0.0003), or 6.383 (95% CI: 2.812, 13.68, p&lt;0.0001) respectively, compared to the controls. The odds ratio of women who did not use IUDs developing ovarian cancer was 1.606 (95% CI: 1.057, 2.434), compared to the controls. There was no association of age at first birth and developing endometrial or ovarian cancer.ConclusionOur observational data suggested that GDM and delivery of an LGA infant are associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome Components and Acute Pancreatitis: A Case-Control Study in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhemin Shen ◽  
Xueqiao Wang ◽  
Zili Zhen ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Peilong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Biliary Stones ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common inflammatory disorder of the pancreas. Recent evidence has shown that metabolic syndrome is positively correlated with the severity of AP. However, only a few studies have revealed the relationship between metabolic syndrome and the occurrence of AP. We therefore elucidated the association between metabolic syndrome and the occurrence of AP. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. A total of 705 patients admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were included in the study. Subjects were divided into case and control groups according to their diagnosis: (1) According to the revised Atlanta classification from 2012, patients diagnosed with AP were enrolled in the case group. (2) Patients without a history of AP or any disease related to metabolic syndrome were allocated into the control group. Controls were matched to cases individually by sex and age (control/case ratio=1). Results: The incidence rate of metabolic syndrome in AP patients was 30.9%, which was more frequent than that in controls (13.2%) (OR=2.837; 95% CI 1.873-4.298, p<0.001). In the multivariate regression analysis, a history of smoking or alcohol consumption and biliary stones were significantly associated with AP (OR=2.441; 95% CI 1.865-5.172, p<0.001; OR=1.777; 95% CI 1.060-2.977, p=0.029; OR=28.995; 95% CI 13.253-63.435, p<0.001). In addition, the occurrence of AP was significantly associated with total cholesterol (TC) (OR=1.992; 95% CI 1.246-3.183, p=0.004), triglyceride (TG) (OR=2.134; 95% CI 1.403-3.245, p<0.001), hyperglycaemia (OR=2.261; 95% CI 1.367-3.742, p=0.001), and apolipoprotein A (Apo A) (OR=0.270; 95% CI 0.163-0.447, p<0.001). Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome and its components were associated with AP occurrence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document