scholarly journals Optimization of cell wall disruption and lipid extraction methods by combining different solvents from wet microalgae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryush Arabian
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption ◽  
Bead Mill ◽  
Wet Microalgae ◽  
Disruption Method ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Microalgae have emerged as one of the most promising options for biodiesel production over the past few decades. Lipid extraction from microalgae for biodiesel production as a bottleneck of biodiesel production technology was the main purpose of this study. In this study different methods of the cell wall disruption were compared. Then, two methods of ultrasound and bead mill were used as methods of the cell wall disruption. The maximum lipid extracted by ultrasound was 17.10% and by bead mill was 15.16% (based on microalgae biomass dry weight). After the cell wall disruption of microalgae, for lipid extraction, chloroform-methanol solvent combination was used as a high extraction method and hexane-ethanol solvent combination was used as an environmentally friendly method. In this regard, the effect of solvent to biomass ratio, temperature and extraction time was investigated and the optimal results for chloroform-methanol solvent combination were 8 ml/g, 45°C and 60 minutes, respectively, and for hexane-ethanol combination were 6 ml/g, 35◦C and 73 minutes, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the highest amount of extracted lipid from Chlorella vulgaris with a moisture content of 87.50%, and ultrasound as a cell wall disruption method were obtained 20.39% and 16.41% (based on microalgae dry weight) with a combination of chloroform-methanol solvents and hexane-ethanol respectively. Also the highest extraction rates of 17.63% and 13.85% were obtained for the combination of chloroform-methanol and hexane-ethanol solvents, respectively by bead milling as cell wall disruption method

scholarly journals Electro-Fenton Based Technique to Enhance Cell Harvest and Lipid Extraction from Microalgae

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Yuyong Hou ◽  
Zhiyong Liu ◽  
Xiang Ji ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Major Bottleneck ◽  
Wet Microalgae ◽  
Disruption Method

Currently, lipid extraction remains a major bottleneck in microalgae technology for biofuel production. In this study, an effective and easily controlled cell wall disruption method based on electro-Fenton reaction was used to enhance lipid extraction from the wet biomass of Nannochloropsis oceanica IMET1. The results showed that 1.27 mM of hydroxide radical (HO•) was generated under the optimal conditions with 9.1 mM FeSO4 in a 16.4 mA·cm−2 current density for 37.0 min. After the electro-Fenton treatment, the neutral lipid extraction yield of microalgae (~155 mg) increased from 40% to 87.5%, equal to from 12.2% to 26.7% dry cell weight (DCW). In particular, the fatty acid composition remained stable. The cell wall disruption and lipid extraction processes were displayed by the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and fluorescence microscopy (FM) observations, respectively. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of algal cells reached 85.2% within 2 h after the reaction was terminated. Furthermore, the biomass of the microalgae cultured in the electrolysis wastewater treated with fresh nutrients reached 3 g/L, which is 12-fold higher than that of the initial after 24 days. These finds provided an economic and efficient method for lipid extraction from wet microalgae, which could be easily controlled by current magnitude regulation.

scholarly journals AN INSIGHT ON ALGAL CELL DISRUPTION FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarthy A ◽  
Smita Kumari ◽  
Prachi Turkar ◽  
Sangeetha Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
Algal Cell ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Cell Disruption ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption

 Objective: This review article deals with the effect that various cell disruption techniques have on the efficiency of lipid extraction. We have reviewed existing algal cell disruption techniques that aid the biodiesel production process.Methods: Current rise in demand for energy has led the researcher to focus on the production of sustainable fuels, among which biodiesel has received greater attention. This is due to its larger lipid content, higher growth rate, larger biomass production, and lower land use. Extraction of lipid from algae (micro and macro) for the production of biodiesel involves numerous downstream processing steps, of which cell wall disruption is a crucial step. Bead milling, high-pressure homogenization, ultra-sonication, freeze-drying, acid treatment, and enzymatic lysis are some methods of cell disruption. The cell disruption technique needs to be optimized based on the structure and biochemical composition of algae.Result: The lipid extraction efficiency varies depending on the algal species and the cell disruption technique used.Conclusion: In-depth research and development of new techniques are required to further enhance the cell disruption of the algal cell wall for the enhanced recovery of lipids. In addition, the operating costs and energy consumption should also be optimized for the cost-effective recovery.

scholarly journals Physical Methods of Microalgal Biomass Pretreatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Piasecka ◽  
Izabela Krzemińska ◽  
Jerzy Tys
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Physical Method ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biomass Pretreatment ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Wet Biomass ◽  
Microwave Techniques

Abstract The prospect of depletion of natural energy resources on the Earth forces researchers to seek and explore new and alternative energy sources. Biomass is a composite resource that can be used in many ways leading to diversity of products. Therefore, microalgal biomass offers great potential. The main aim of this study is to find the best physical method of microalgal biomass pretreatment that guarantees efficient lipid extraction. These studies identifies biochemical composition of microalgal biomass as source for biodisel production. The influence of drying at different temperatures and lyophilization was investigated. In addition, wet and untreated biomass was examined. Cell disruption (sonication and microwave) techniques were used to improve lipid extraction from wet biomass. Additionally, two different extraction methods were carried out to select the best method of crude oil extraction. The results of this study show that wet biomass after sonication is the most suitable for extraction. The fatty acid composition of microalgal biomass includes linoleic acid (C18:2), palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linolenic acid (C18:3), and stearic acid (C18:0), which play a key role in biodiesel production.

Comparison of simple and rapid cell wall disruption methods for improving lipid extraction from yeast cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 105999
Author(s):  
Anna M. Kot ◽  
Iwona Gientka ◽  
Anna Bzducha-Wróbel ◽  
Stanisław Błażejak ◽  
Agnieszka Kurcz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption

Comparison of Different Procedures for the Lipid Extraction from HL-60 Cells: A MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometric Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Petković ◽  
Andreas Vocks ◽  
Matthias Müller ◽  
Jürgen Schiller ◽  
Jürgen Arnhold
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Study ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Leukaemia Cell Line ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Tof Ms

A human leukaemia cell line - HL-60 - can be differentiated into neutrophils or macrophages and both differentiation processes are accompanied by changes of the lipid composition. Various methods were described for the extraction of lipids from cellular systems, but only two of them were applied to the HL-60 cell line so far. In this study we compared five selected extraction methods for the lipid extraction from HL-60 cells with regard to their qualitative analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS): chloroform/methanol at volume ratios 2:1 and 1:2, isopropanol/ chloroform, isopropanol/hexane and butanol. In addition, the cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations in organic extracts were measured by colorimetric assays. Results can be summarized as follows: For the analysis of polar phospholipids obtained from HL-60 cells by MALDI-TOF MS, a chlorofom/methanol (1:2) or isopropanol/chloroform mixture or butanol can be applied as extraction systems. On the other hand, if one would like to analyze changes in triacylglycerols, then chloroform/methanol (2:1) would be the method of choice.

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Extraction Methods for the Recovery of Olive Leaves Polyphenols

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Dobrinčić ◽  
Maja Repajić ◽  
Ivona Elez Garofulić ◽  
Lucija Tuđen ◽  
Verica Dragović-Uzelac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption

In the present study, advanced extraction techniques, microwave (MAE), ultrasound (UAE), and high pressure (HPAE)-assisted extraction, were applied to improve extraction efficiency of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves polyphenols. The effect of sample mass (1.5 and 3 g), MAE—time (2, 8.5, and 15 min) and temperature (45 and 80 °C), UAE—time (7, 14, and 21 min) and amplitude (50 and 100%) and HPAE—time (1, 5.5, and 10 min) and pressure (300 and 500 MPa) on the concentration of each analyzed polyphenol compound was examined. Identified polyphenols were oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, verbascoside, and rutin. All three advanced extraction techniques yielded higher content of total polyphenols when compared to the conventional heat-reflux extraction (CE) along with a significant reduction of extraction time from 60 (CE) to 2, 21, and 5.5 min in MAE, UAE, and HPAE, respectively. The most intensive values of tested parameters in each technique were the ones that promoted cell wall disruption, e.g., temperature of 80 °C in MAE, 100% amplitude in UAE and 500 MPa in HPAE. MAE and UAE were more efficient in total polyphenols’ recovery than HPAE.

Platelet dense bodies: a quantitative microprobe analysis

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-457
Author(s):  
R.J. Skaer ◽  
J.P. Emmines ◽  
P.D. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Inorganic Pyrophosphate ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

The electron microprobe shows that the dense bodies of human platelets have a mean P:Ca peak ratio of 1–2. After treatment with dry chloroform/methanol this falls to 0-89. These ratios vary slightly from patient to patient. The use of calcium and phosphorus standards enables these peak ratios to be converted to atomic ratios. The size of the phosphorus peak remaining after lipid extraction was given absolute terms with reference to the known quantities of adenine nucleotides and inorganic pyrophosphate in dense bodies. From the mean P:Ca atomic ratio of 1–76 the quantity of calcium in dense bodies was 0-6 mg/10(11) platelets or 2–97 mg Ca/g dry weight of platelets. This is within the published range for total platelet calcium. If all the phosphorus extracted by lipid solvents were phospholipid there would be 5–65 mg/10(11) platelets, and it would occupy most of the space inside dense bodies. The dense bodies of pig platelets contain both magnesium and calcium in a varying ratio to each other. These results are discussed in relation to control mechanisms that may influence aggregation.

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