scholarly journals The effect of certolizumab treatment on insulin resistance, lipid parameters and cardiovascular risk in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
hasan göğebakan ◽  
gözde yıldırım cetin
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Aims: To evaluate the effects of certolizumab treatment on insulin resistance (IR), lipid parameters, and cardiovascular (CV) risk in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: This prospective study included 80 consecutive patients with AS (52 males, 28 females) and 74 control subjects (48 males, 26 feemales). The AS patients and control group were compared in respect of basal values. All AS patients with active disease were treated with certolizumab. Biochemical profiles were obtained before and after 24 weeks of certolizumab treatment. Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to measure IR and the quantitative insulin sensitivity control index (QUICKI) was used to measure insulin sensitivity. The Framingham equation was used to evaluate CV risk factors. Results: A statistically significant increase was determined in total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) values after 24 weeks of certolizumab treatment. No statistically significant change was determined in the plasma atherogenic index (PAI) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values. A statistically significant decrease was determined in HOMA-IR and an increase in QUICKI. When the Framingham risk scoring was compared with the baseline values, a statistically significant decrease in risk was found at week 24. Conclusions: Certolizumab therapy was associated with a significant increase in HDL-C, TC, and TG levels without any significant change in PAI and LDL-C, and was determined to increase insulin sensitivity and lower insulin resistance. There was also a significant reduction in SBP and 10-year Framingham risk scores at 24 weeks after the start of certolizumab therapy.

scholarly journals Influences of Recreational Tennis-Playing Exercise Time on Cardiometabolic Health Parameters in Healthy Elderly: The ExAMIN AGE Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1255
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Han Chao ◽  
Yi-Hung Liao ◽  
Chun-Chung Chou
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers

Background: Aging and chronic degeneration are the primary threats to cardiometabolic health in elderly populations. Regular appropriate exercise would benefit the advanced aging population. Purpose: This study investigates whether the degree of weekly tennis participation exhibits differences in primary cardiometabolic parameters, including arterial stiffness, inflammation, and metabolic biomarkers in elderly tennis players. Methods: One hundred thirty-five long-term participants in elder tennis (>50 years old) were initially screened. Twenty-six eligible and voluntary subjects were divided into high tennis time group (HT) (14 ± 1.3 h/week) and low tennis time group (LT) (4.5 ± 0.7 h/week) by stratification analysis based on the amount of tennis playing activity time. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), blood pressure, ankle-brachial index (ABI), blood metabolic biomarkers, and insulin resistance were measured to compare the difference between HT and LT groups. Results: The baPWV was significantly lower in the HT group than that in the LT group (1283.92 ± 37.01 vs. 1403.69 ± 53.71 cm/s, p < 0.05). We also found that the HT insulin-resistant homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was significantly lower than that of LT (1.41 ± 0.11 vs. 2.27 ± 0.48 μIU/mL, p < 0.05). However, the blood lipid biomarkers (glucose, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride) were not statistical different between HT and LT groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrated that under the condition of similar daily physical activity level, elderly with a higher time of tennis-playing (HT group) exhibited relatively lower arterial stiffness (lower PWV) and lower insulin resistance compared to those with lower time tennis-playing (LT).

Correlation of P-wave dispersion with insulin sensitivity in obese adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Sert ◽  
Eyup Aslan ◽  
Muammer Buyukınan ◽  
Ozgur Pirgon
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Wave Dispersion ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
P Wave Dispersion ◽  
Obese Adolescents

AbstractBackgroundP-wave dispersion is a new and simple electrocardiographic marker that has been reported to be associated with inhomogeneous and discontinuous propagation of sinus impulses. In the present study, we evaluated P-wave dispersion in obese adolescents and investigated the relationship between P-wave dispersion, cardiovascular risk factors, and echocardiographic parameters.MethodsWe carried out a case–control study comparing 150 obese adolescents and 50 healthy controls. Maximum and minimum P-wave durations were measured using a 12-lead surface electrocardiogram, and P-wave dispersion was calculated as the difference between these two measures. Echocardiographic examination was also performed for each subject. Multivariate linear regression analysis with stepwise variable selection was used to evaluate parameters associated with increased P-wave dispersion in obese subjects.ResultsMaximum P-wave duration and P-wave dispersion were significantly higher in obese adolescents than control subjects (143±19 ms versus 117±20 ms and 49±15 ms versus 29±9 ms, p<0.0001 for both). P-wave dispersion was positively correlated with body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, total cholesterol, serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin, homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance score, left ventricular mass, and left atrial dimension. P-wave dispersion was negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. By multiple stepwise regression analysis, left atrial dimension (β: 0.252, p=0.008) and homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (β: 0.205; p=0.009) were independently associated with increased P-wave dispersion in obese adolescents.ConclusionsInsulin resistance is a significant, independent predictor of P-wave dispersion in obese adolescents.

scholarly journals Ficus deltoidea ameliorates biochemical, hormonal, and histomorphometric changes in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aliff Haslan ◽  
Nurdiana Samsulrizal ◽  
Nooraain Hashim ◽  
Noor Syaffinaz Noor Mohamad Zin ◽  
Farshad Hosseini Shirazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Ficus Deltoidea ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Abstract Background: Insulin resistance and hormonal imbalances are key features in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). We have shown that Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) can improve insulin sensitivity and hormonal profile in PCOS female rats. However, biological characteristics underpinning the therapeutic effects of F. deltoidea for treating PCOS remain to be clarified. This study aims to investigate the biochemical, hormonal, and histomorphometric changes in letrozole (LTZ)-induced PCOS female rats following treatment with F. deltoidea.Methods: PCOS was induced in rats except for normal control by administering LTZ at 1 mg/kg/day for 21 days. Methanolic extract of F. deltoidea leaf was then orally administered to the PCOS rats at the dose of 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day, respectively for 15 consecutive days. Lipid profile was measured enzymatically in serum. The circulating concentrations of reproductive hormone and antioxidant enzymes were determined by ELISA assays. Ovarian and uterus histomorphometric changes were further observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.Results: The results showed that treatment with F. deltoidea at the dose of 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day reduced insulin resistance, obesity indices, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), malondialdehyde (MDA), testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to near-normal levels in PCOS rats. The levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), estrogen, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) also similar to those observed in normal control rats. Histomorphometric measurements confirmed that F. deltoidea increased the corpus luteum number and the endometrial thickness.Conclusions: F. deltoidea can reverse PCOS symptoms in female rats by improving insulin sensitivity, antioxidant activities, hormonal imbalance, and histological changes. These findings suggest the potential use of F. deltoidea as an adjuvant agent in the treatment program of PCOS.

LLF580, an FGF21 Analog, Reduces Triglycerides and Hepatic Fat in Obese Adults With Modest Hypertriglyceridemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Rader ◽  
Eleftheria Maratos-Flier ◽  
Amanda Nguyen ◽  
Doug Hom ◽  
Michael Ferriere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Type Iii Collagen ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Hepatic Fat

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the safety and potential efficacy of LLF580, a genetically engineered variant of human fibroblast growth factor-21, for triglyceride lowering, weight loss, and hepatic fat reduction. Methods A multicenter, double-blind, parallel design trial in obese, mildly hypertriglyceridemic adults randomized (1:1) to LLF580 300 mg or placebo subcutaneously every 4 weeks for 3 doses. Results Of 64 randomized study participants, 61 (mean ± SD: age 45 ± 11 years, 49% male, 80/15/5% Caucasian/African American/other, body mass index 36.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2) received LLF580 (n = 30) or placebo (n = 31) at 7 research sites in the United States. LLF580 lowered serum triglycerides by 54% (least square mean placebo adjusted change from baseline), total cholesterol 7%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 12%, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 36% compared with placebo (all P &lt; 0.001) over 12 weeks. Substantial reduction of liver fat of 52% over placebo (P &lt; 0.001) was also demonstrated in the setting of improved liver function tests including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, the composite enhanced liver fibrosis score, and N-terminal type III collagen propeptide (all P &lt; 0.05). Insulin and C-peptide levels and insulin resistance by homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance were all lower, and adiponectin higher with LLF580 treatment compared with placebo, whereas fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin were unchanged. Reductions in biomarkers of bone formation without differences in markers of bone resorption were observed. LLF580 was generally safe and well tolerated, except for higher incidence of generally mild to moderate gastrointestinal adverse effects. Conclusions In obese, mildly hypertriglyceridemic adults, LLF580 was generally safe and demonstrated beneficial effects on serum lipids, liver fat, and biomarkers of liver injury, suggesting it may be effective for treatment of select metabolic disorders including hypertriglyceridemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Assessments of longer term safety and efficacy are warranted. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03466203

scholarly journals The Effect of Strength and Endurance Training on Insulin Sensitivity and Fat Distribution in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients with Lipodystrophy

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 3860-3869 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lindegaard ◽  
T. Hansen ◽  
T. Hvid ◽  
G. van Hall ◽  
P. Plomgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Fat Redistribution

Context: Fat redistribution, insulin resistance, and low-grade inflammation characterize HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy. Currently, no effective therapies exist for the combined treatment of fat redistribution and insulin resistance. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the effects of strength and endurance training on insulin sensitivity and fat distribution in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy. Subjects and Methods: Twenty sedentary HIV-infected men with lipodystrophy were randomly assigned to supervised strength or endurance training three times a week for 16 wk. The primary endpoints were improved peripheral insulin sensitivity (euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp combined with isotope-tracer infusion) and body fat composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan). Secondary endpoints included fasting lipids and inflammatory markers. Results: Insulin-mediated glucose uptake increased with both endurance training (55.7 ± 11 to 63.0 ± 11 μmol glucose/kg lean mass·min, P = 0.02) and strength training (49.0 ± 12 to 57.8 ± 18 μmol glucose/kg lean mass·min, P = 0.005), irrespective of training modality (P = 0.24). Only strength training increased total lean mass 2.1 kg [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.8–3.3], decreased total fat 3.3 kg (95% CI, −4.6 to −2.0), trunk fat 2.5 kg (95% CI, −3.5 to −1.5), and limb fat 0.75 kg (95% CI, −1.1 to −0.4). Strength training significantly decreased total and limb fat mass to a larger extent than endurance training (P &lt; 0.05). Endurance training reduced total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, free fatty acids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas strength training decreased triglycerides, free fatty acids, and IL-18 and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P &lt; 0.05 for all measurements). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that both strength and endurance training improve peripheral insulin sensitivity, whereas only strength training reduces total body fat in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy.

scholarly journals Pegvisomant increases intra-abdominal fat in patients with acromegaly: a pilot study.

2008 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Plöckinger ◽  
T Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Peg Treatment

ObjectiveAcromegalic patients have increased lipolysis and decreased fat mass as well as reduced insulin sensitivity and glucose intolerance. During somatostatin analog therapy, these changes persist despite GH suppression, but they are now due to drug-induced suppression of insulin secretion. By contrast, during pegvisomant (PEG) therapy, GH no longer stimulates lipolysis due to the blockade of its receptor, while insulin action is unabated. Hence, both insulin sensitivity and fat mass, including intra-abdominal fat, should increase. We therefore studied intra-abdominal fat and insulin resistance in acromegalic patients after a 3-month octreotide-washout period, i.e., during untreated acromegaly, and during PEG treatment.MethodsFive acromegalic patients, not controlled on octreotide (OCT) therapy, were studied after 3-month OCT washout and 6-month PEG therapy. Insulin sensitivity was determined by homeostatic model assessment value and hyperinsulinemic, normoglycemic clamp. Subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat were measured by electron beam computed tomography.ResultsDuring PEG therapy, all the patients had normal, age-adjusted IGF-I concentrations. Compared with washout, insulin sensitivity (HOMA andMvalue) was not significantly different. However, intra-abdominal fat mass increased significantly during therapy (median (range) cm2: 112 (84–480) and 172 (112–524) respectively,P<0.05), while subcutaneous fat was not significantly different. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides remained unchanged.ConclusionsDuring PEG therapy of acromegalic patients, intra-abdominal fat increases. Visceral obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hence, confirmation and further studies in a larger cohort of acromegalic patients on PEG treatment are warranted.

scholarly journals Circulating Omentin-1, Insulin Resistance and Lipid Profile Responses Following an Eight-week Aerobic Training Intervention Among Male Smokers 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Maysam Mousavi ◽  
Ali Heidarianpour ◽  
Hassan Tavassoli
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment

Abstract Background: Omentin-1 is a recently discovered circulating adipokine that plays a crucial role in modulating insulin resistance and diabetes. We investigated the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise training on serum omentin-1, insulin resistance and lipid profile in the smokers and non-smokers with normal weight. Methods: Nineteen male healthy and twenty male smokers were randomly assigned into healthy control group (C), healthy exercise group (E), control smoker group (CS) and exercise smoker group (ES). Exercise groups participated in an eight-week aerobic exercise training program (three times a week, 20-35 min per session at 55%-70% of maximum heart rate). Serum omentin-1 and insulin values were determined by ELISA and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose and lipid profile was measured before and after the intervention. Paired samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey test were applied to analyze the data (p<0.05).Results: Aerobic exercise improved both serum omentin-1 and high lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the exercise groups (p<0.05). Also, Exercise training reduced insulin, blood sugar, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (p<0.05). Omentin-1 was significantly correlated with insulin (r=-0.40, P=0.01), HOMA-IR (r=-0.38, P=0.04), TG (r=-0.40, P=0.01), TC (r=-0.49, P=0.02), LDL-C (r=-0.70, P=0.02) and HDL-C (r=0.55, P=0.03).Conclusion: The findings suggest that aerobic exercise-induced changes in omentin-1 in exercise trained smokers may be associated with the beneficial effects of exercise on reduced insulin resistance and lipid profile.

scholarly journals Dyslipidemia, Insulin Resistance, Ectopic Lipid Accumulation, and Vascular Function in Resistance to Thyroid Hormone β

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Moran ◽  
Carmel M McEniery ◽  
Nadia Schoenmakers ◽  
Catherine Mitchell ◽  
Alison Sleigh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Resistance To Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Intrahepatic Lipid

Abstract Purpose In resistance to thyroid hormone due to mutations in thyroid hormone receptor β, peripheral tissues are variably refractory to the action of circulating thyroid hormones. We evaluated parameters contributing to atherosclerotic risk in this disorder. Methods We measured low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), intrahepatic lipid (IHL) and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL), Homeostasis-model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), flow-mediated dilatation, and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in an unselected, genetically confirmed cohort of adult RTHβ patients (n = 27-77) and compared these with measurements in healthy subjects (up to n = 100) and thyrotoxic patients (n = 40). Results Resistance to thyroid hormone beta (RTHβ) patients exhibited higher LDL-C (P = 0.008) and TG (P = 0.002) and lower HDL-C concentrations (P = 0.015 × 10–2) than control subjects, with LDL-C being higher than in thyrotoxic patients with comparable hyperthyroxinemia. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (P = 0.002) and apolipoprotein B (P = 0.0009) levels were reduced in thyrotoxic patients but not lower in RTHβ patients or control subjects. Intrahepatic lipid (P = 0.02 × 10–4), IMCL (P = 0.002), HOMA-IR (P = 0.01 × 10–2), and NEFA (P = 0.04 × 10–6) were significantly higher in RTHβ patients than control subjects. Flow-mediated dilatation was increased (P = 0.04) but cIMT (P = 0.71), PWV P = 0.81), and AIx (P = 0.95) were unaltered in RTHβ patients. Conclusions We have documented mixed dyslipidemia with hepatic and IMCL accumulation in RTHβ, suggesting that surveillance for these metabolic abnormalities is warranted. How they combine with enhanced endothelial function and unaltered vessel wall thickness and compliance to determine overall cardiometabolic risk in this disorder remains to be defined.

Serum uric acid is associated with metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the Uygur population

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1032-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan F. Li ◽  
Hong M. Wang ◽  
Jin Yang ◽  
Ling Zhou ◽  
Xiao G. Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Model Assessment

The prevalence of hyperuricemia is low in Uygurs, who have a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, overweight–obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance (IR). This study sought to investigate the relationships between serum uric acid (UA) and these risk factors in this population. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Uygurs (859 males, 1268 females) aged 20 to 70 years. Demographic data, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), and fasting and postprandial blood were obtained, and biological measurements were determined. The mean of BMI, SBP, DBP, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and the prevalence of hypertension, IR, hyperglycemia, overweight–obesity, hypercholesteremia, hyper-LDL-c, and hypertriglyceridemia increased with UA but the prevalence of hypo-HDL-c decreased (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios for IR, overweight–obesity, hypercholesteremia, hyper-LDL-c, and hypertriglyceridemia against the lowest UA group increased but decreased for hypo-HDL-c (p < 0.05). The UA in the hypo-HDL-c group was lower than that of the controls; the prevalence of hypo-HDL-c in hyperuricemia subjects was lower than in those with normal UA (p < 0.05). But the opposite results were observed between overweight–obesity, hyperglycemia, IR, hypercholesteremia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyper-LDL-c and correspondence controls, respectively (p < 0.05). In Uygur, elevated UA is associated with overweight–obesity, hypercholesteremia, hyper-LDL-c, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and IR. The HDL-c level significantly increases with UA, whereas the prevalence of hypo-HDL-c decreases. Further studies are needed to clarify why UA is positively correlated to HDL-c.

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