scholarly journals Dual effects of FeNPs on maize growth and water use are actively mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus via rhizosphere interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yumiao Yang ◽  
minha naseer ◽  
ying zhu ◽  
shuangguo Zhu ◽  
baozhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Rhizosphere Interactions ◽  
Negative Effect

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (FeNPs) can affect plant growth and water uptake positively or negatively. Yet, its mechanism is still unclear, particularly for differentiate functional roles of FeNPs in plant-soil interaction. To address this issue, we first confirmed 1.0 and 1.5 g·kg-1 FeNPs as growth-promotion concentrations and 1.5 g·kg-1 as optimal one, while 2.0 g·kg-1 turned to restrict growth in maize seedlings, comparing with CK. When AM fungus (Funneliformis mosseae) was inoculated and cultured with FeNPs, 1.0 and 1.5 g·kg-1 FeNPs further evidently enhanced water uptake and biomass accumulation (P<0.05). ), as affected by the activated AMF colonization carrier. Contrarily, FeNPs turned to promote AMF colonization and development, achieving greater iron translocation efficiency in mycorrhiza (P < 0.05). Yet, 2.0 g·kg-1 FeNPs restricted AMF infection in roots, a negative effect. To investigate the mycorrhizal-FeNPs symbiosis, scanning electron microscopy was used to scan the extraradical hyphae, showing that hyphae intercepted excessive iron nanoparticles, alleviating the blockage of root surface apertures and ultimately restoring root activity. Therefore, dual effects of FeNPs on maize physiology were actively mediated by AMF via rhizosphere interactions. The findings provided new insights into safe and efficient utilization of nanomaterials in agro-ecosystems.

Phosphorus acquisition from compacted soil by hyphae of a mycorrhizal fungus associated with red clover (Trifolium pratense)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Lin Li ◽  
Jun-Ling Zhang ◽  
Eckhard George ◽  
Horst Marschner
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Compacted Soil

The influence of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus mosseae, on the adverse effects of soil compaction on growth and phosphorus (P) uptake of red clover was studied in a model experiment. The pots used in the experiment had three compartments, a central one with a soil bulk density of 1.3 g ∙ cm−3 and two outer compartments with three different levels of soil bulk density (1.3, 1.6, or 1.8 g ∙ cm−3). The soil in the outer compartments was fertilized with P and was either freely accessible to roots and hyphae, or separated by nets and accessible to hyphae only. At a soil bulk density of 1.3 g ∙ cm−3, mycorrhizal plants did not absorb more P than nonmycorrhizal plants except when access of roots to the outer compartments was restricted by nets. At high soil bulk density, root growth was drastically decreased. However, hyphae of G. mosseae absorbed P even from highly compacted soil, and induced a P-depletion zone of about 30 mm from the root surface. In consequence, at higher soil bulk density shoot P concentration and the total amount of P in the shoot were higher in mycorrhizal than in nonmycorrhizal plants. This experiment showed that hyphae of G. mosseae are more efficient in obtaining P from compacted soil than mycorrhizal or nonmycorrhizal roots of red clover. Key words: arbuscular mycorrhiza, phosphorus, red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), soil bulk density, soil compaction.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Colonization in Atriplex nummularia Lind. Subjected to Desalinizador Reject

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
C. F. De Melo ◽  
E. W. F. Gomes ◽  
A. S. Messias
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Atriplex Nummularia ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution

This work has the objective of evaluating the mycorrhizal colonization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus - AMF Claroideoglomus etunicatum in Atriplex nummularia Lind. subjected to desalinator reject. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the headquarters of Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco - IPA, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with the treatments constituted in a factorial scheme of five levels of salinity in AC= 2.86 mS/cm; T1= 11.54 mS/cm; T2= 12.04 mS/cm; T3= 13.13 mS/cm and T4= 14.16 mS/cm, associated with the presence and absence of fungus, presence and absence of nutrient solution, and autoclaved and non-autoclaved soil. 8.0 g of Hoagland & Arnon complete nutrient solution was added every fortnight. After five months, the roots of the treatments were collected and the root colonization was evaluated. It was found that in all treatments the association between Claroiodeoglomus etunicatum and Atriplex nummularia was beneficial. The correlation was positive for the treatment T4 (Reject + 14 gNaCl) + AMF. Thus, it was observed that salinity had no negative effect on the association as well as on the growth of the vegetable.

scholarly journals Effect of Pisolithus tinctorious on Physiological and Hormonal Traits in Cistus Plants to Water Deficit: Relationships among Water Status, Photosynthetic Activity and Plant Quality

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 976
Author(s):  
Beatriz Lorente ◽  
Inés Zugasti ◽  
María Jesús Sánchez-Blanco ◽  
Emilio Nicolás ◽  
María Fernanda Ortuño
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Harmful Effects

Cistus species can form ectomycorrhizae and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus that can bring benefits when plants are under water stress conditions. However, the application of some ectomycorrhizae on the water uptake under drought through physiological traits and hormonal regulation is less known. The experiment was performed during three months in a growth chamber with Cistus albidus plants in which the combined effect of the ectomycorrhiza Pisolithus tinctorious inoculation and two irrigation treatments (control and water-stressed plants) were applied. Irrigation absence caused significant decrease in aerial growth and tended to decrease soil water potential at the root surface, leading to a decrease in leaf water potential. Under these conditions, the abscisic acid and salicylic acid content increased while the precursor of ethylene decreased. Although the mycorrhization percentages were not high, the inoculation of P. tinctorious improved the water status and slightly cushioned the rise in leaf temperature of water-stressed plants. The ectomycorrhiza decreased the scopoletin values in leaves of plants subjected to deficit irrigation, indicating that inoculated plants had been able to synthesize defense mechanisms. Therefore, Pisolithus tinctorious alleviated some of the harmful effects of water scarcity in Cistus plants, being its use a sustainable option in gardening or restoration projects.

Facilitation of plant water uptake by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus: a Gordian knot of roots and hyphae

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Püschel ◽  
Michael Bitterlich ◽  
Jana Rydlová ◽  
Jan Jansa
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Plant Water Uptake

Associated microflora of medicinal ferns: biotechnological potentials and possible applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 4927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhi Srivastava ◽  
Paul A. K.
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Plant associated microorganisms that colonize the upper and internal tissues of roots, stems, leaves and flowers of healthy plants without causing any visible harmful or negative effect on their host. Diversity of microbes have been extensively studied in a wide variety of vascular plants and shown to promote plant establishment, growth and development and impart resistance against pathogenic infections. Ferns and their associated microbes have also attracted the attention of the scientific communities as sources of novel bioactive secondary metabolites. The ferns and fern alleles, which are well adapted to diverse environmental conditions, produce various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenols, triterpenoid compounds, variety of amino acids and fatty acids along with some unique metabolites as adaptive features and are traditionally used for human health and medicine. In this review attention has been focused to prepare a comprehensive account of ethnomedicinal properties of some common ferns and fern alleles. Association of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere and endosphere of these medicinally important ferns and their interaction with the host plant has been emphasized keeping in view their possible biotechnological potentials and applications. The processes of host-microbe interaction leading to establishment and colonization of endophytes are less-well characterized in comparison to rhizospheric and phyllospheric microflora. However, the endophytes are possessing same characteristics as rhizospheric and phyllospheric to stimulate the in vivo synthesis as well as in vitro production of secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities such as plant growth promotion by production of phytohormones, siderophores, fixation of nitrogen, and phosphate solubilization. Synthesis of pharmaceutically important products such as anticancer compounds, antioxidants, antimicrobials, antiviral substances and hydrolytic enzymes could be some of the promising areas of research and commercial exploitation.

scholarly journals Phytase-Producing Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 Promotes Seed Germination and Growth in Corn (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1647
Author(s):  
Gui-E Li ◽  
Wei-Liang Kong ◽  
Xiao-Qin Wu ◽  
Shi-Bo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Rahnella Aquatilis ◽  
Maize Seeds

Phytase plays an important role in crop seed germination and plant growth. In order to fully understand the plant growth-promoting mechanism by Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1，the effect of this strain on germination of maize seeds was determined in vitro, and the colonization of maize root by R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 was observed by scanning electron microscope. Different inoculum concentrations and Phytate-related soil properties were applied to investigate the effect of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 on the growth of maize seedlings. The results showed that R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 could effectively secrete indole acetic acid and had significantly promoted seed germination and root length of maize. A large number of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 cells colonized on the root surface, root hair and the root interior of maize. When the inoculation concentration was 107 cfu/mL and the insoluble organophosphorus compound phytate existed in the soil, the net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, phytase activity secreted by roots, total phosphorus concentration and biomass accumulation of maize seedlings were the highest. In contrast, no significant effect of inoculation was found when the total P content was low or when inorganic P was sufficient in the soil. R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 promotes the growth of maize directly by secreting IAA and indirectly by secreting phytase. This work provides beneficial information for the development and application of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 as a microbial fertilizer in the future.

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