Prenatal exposure to acid suppressant medications and risk of allergen sensitization

In conclusion, in a cohort of children with a history of severe bronchiolitis those exposed to ASM prenatally are not at increased risk of developing food or environmental allergen sensitization by early childhood. The mechanism by which ASM exposure increases risk of childhood asthma remains unclear, but alterations in the gut microbiome merit consideration.

Download Full-text

Neonatal metabolome of cesarean section and risk of childhood asthma

European Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1183/13993003.02406-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2102406

Author(s):

Gözde Gürdeniz ◽

Madeleine Ernst ◽

Daniela Rago ◽

Min Kim ◽

Julie Courraud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cesarean Section ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Childhood Asthma ◽

Metabolic Profile ◽

Partial Least Square ◽

Least Square ◽

Microbial Colonization ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Microbiome Data

BackgroundBirth by cesarean section (CS) is linked to an increased risk of developing asthma, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear.ObjectiveTo elucidate the link between birth by CS and asthma using newborn metabolomic profiles and integrating early life gut microbiome data and cord blood immunology.MethodsWe investigated the influence of CS on liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomic profiles of dried blood spots from newborns of the two independent Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood cohorts, i.e. COPSAC2010 (n=677) and COPSAC2000 (n=387). We assessed the associations between the CS metabolic profile, age one-week gut microbiome data and frequency of cord blood Tregs.ResultsIn COPSAC2010, a partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model showed that children born by CS versus natural delivery had different metabolic profiles (AUC=0.77, p=2.2e-16), which was replicated in COPSAC2000 (AUC=0.66, p=1.2e-5). The metabolic profile of CS was significantly associated with an increased risk of asthma at school-age in both COPSAC2010 (p=0.03) and COPSAC2000 (p=0.005). CS was associated with lower abundance of tryptophan, bile acid and phenylalanine metabolites, indicative of a perturbed gut microbiota. Further, gut bacteria dominating after natural delivery, i.e. Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides were correlated with CS-discriminative microbial metabolites, suggesting maternal microbial transmission during birth regulating the newborn's metabolism. Finally, the CS metabolic profile was associated with frequency of cord blood Tregs.ConclusionsThese findings propose that CS is programming the risk of childhood asthma through perturbed immune responses and gut microbial colonization patterns reflected in the blood metabolome at birth.

Download Full-text

Latentna tuberkulozna infekcija u zdravstvenih radnika povezana je s alergijama i senzibilizacijom na uobičajene inhalacijske alergene

Collegium Antropologicum ◽

10.5671/ca.44.3.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 127-132

Author(s):

Ivana Banić ◽

Mirjana Turkalj ◽

Boro Nogalo ◽

Rajka Lulić Jurjević ◽

Davor Plavec ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Mutual Influence ◽

Allergic Sensitization ◽

Latent Tuberculosis ◽

T Helper ◽

Allergen Sensitization ◽

Prick Test ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Low Exposure

Health care workers (HCW) are at increased risk of a latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) due to occupational exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In order to investigate the mutual influence of a TH1 type immune response caused by LTBI and T helper 2 (TH2) type immune response caused by allergy, we conducted a study examining the prevalence of common inhaled allergen sensitization in the HCW population with different levels of exposure to tuberculosis (high and low). HCW with possible exposure to tuberculosis (TB) were tested with QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT-G) and tuberculin skin test (TST), while skin prick test (SPT) was performed for inhaled allergens. The antigen (Ag) response at QFT-G was inversely correlated with participants` allergy anamnesis (p= 0.039). Sensitization to inhaled allergens (positive SPT and number of positive allergens at SPT) was more prominent in the low exposure group (p= 0.006 and p= 0.0065, respectively). Ag response at QFT-G test was significantly higher in participants with no medical history of allergy (p= 0.048). Our results demonstrate that exposure to TB and LTBI are associated with inhaled allergen sensitization in HCW, possibly inhibiting allergic sensitization by mediating the T-helper type 1 (Th1) immune response.

Download Full-text

Association between prenatal exposure to analgesics and risk of schizophrenia

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.185.5.366 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 185 (5) ◽

pp. 366-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Holger J. Sørensen ◽

Erik L. Mortensen ◽

June M. Reinisch ◽

Sarnoff A. Mednick

Keyword(s):

Prenatal Exposure ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Parental History ◽

Central Register ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Wide Range ◽

History Of ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Using Data

BackgroundDisturbances in the central nervous system originating during foetal life may increase the risk of schizophrenia.AimsTo illuminate the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to analgesics may affect foetal neurodevelopment, leading to increased risk of schizophrenia in adulthood.MethodUsing data from the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort and from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register, we studied the relationship between prenatal exposure to analgesics and the risk of schizophrenia. The effect of prenatal exposure was adjusted for parental history of schizophrenia, second-trimester viral infections, concomitant drug treatment during pregnancy, an index of pregnancy complications, parental social status and parental age.ResultsIn a risk set of 7999 individuals, 116 cases of schizophrenia were found (1.5%). Prenatal exposure to analgesics in the second trimester was associated with an elevated risk (adjusted odds ratio 4.75, 95% CI1.9–12.0). Independent of the covariates, the effect remained statistically significant.ConclusionsIndependent of a wide range of possible confounders, a significant association between second-trimester exposure to analgesics and increased risk of schizophrenia was observed.

Download Full-text

The relationships among environmental allergen sensitization, allergen exposure, pulmonary function, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the Childhood Asthma Management Program

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/s0091-6749(99)70287-3 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 104 (4) ◽

pp. 775-785 ◽

Cited By ~ 138

Author(s):

Harold S. Nelson ◽

Stanley J. Szefler ◽

Jeffrey Jacobs ◽

Karen Huss ◽

Gail Shapiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Childhood Asthma ◽

Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness ◽

Asthma Management ◽

Allergen Exposure ◽

Management Program ◽

Allergen Sensitization ◽

Environmental Allergen ◽

Childhood Asthma Management Program

Download Full-text

Burden of Early Childhood Asthma in Children Born Preterm or With a History of Chronic Lung Disease

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.323 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 129 (2) ◽

pp. AB151

Author(s):

S. Dorris

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Chronic Lung Disease ◽

Childhood Asthma ◽

History Of ◽

Asthma In Children

Download Full-text

Early childhood infections, antistreptococcal and basal ganglia antibodies in adult ADHD: A preliminary study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-23477/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Oliva ◽

Giulia di Girolamo ◽

Francesca Malandrone ◽

Noemi Iaia ◽

Fiorella Biasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Basal Ganglia ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Recurrent Infections ◽

Childhood Infections ◽

Streptolysin O ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

Abstract Background: To explore the relationship between adult Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), antistreptococcal titers, ABGA, and recurrent infections during early childhood.Method: Childhood history of recurrent infections and a blood sample were collected in a sample of DSM-IV adult outpatients with ADHD. The anti-streptolysin O (ASO), anti-deoxyribonuclease B (anti-DNase B), and anti-basal ganglia antibodies (ABGA) titers were determined in patient plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Titers positivity was evaluated following manufacturer's specifications. Absolute titers were also collected as continuous variables.Results: Fourteen out of 22 (63.6%) have had recurrent infections in childhood (i.e., seven, 31.8%, have had tonsillitis or adenoiditis and seven, 31.8%, have had any other infections). Eighteen patients (81.9%) were positive for anti-DNase B, five (22.7%) for ASO, and 4 (18.2%) were positive for both of them. Five participants (22.7%) were ABGA positive, whereas only two (9.1%) were positive for all three antibodies.Conclusions: Patients with ADHD might be more prone to infections during childhood and subclinical streptococcal infections during adulthood, moreover they seem to have an increased risk for basal ganglia autoimmunity in adulthood. Both infections and ensuing acquired autoimmunity could influence the neurodevelopmental process, by contributing, at least in part, to the ADHD pathogenesis.

Download Full-text

Early childhood infections, antistreptococcal and basal ganglia antibodies in adult ADHD: a preliminary study

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-020-02946-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Oliva ◽

Giulia di Girolamo ◽

Francesca Malandrone ◽

Noemi Iaia ◽

Fiorella Biasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Basal Ganglia ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Recurrent Infections ◽

Childhood Infections ◽

Streptolysin O ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

Abstract Background To explore the relationship between adult Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), antistreptococcal titers, ABGA, and recurrent infections during early childhood. Method Childhood history of recurrent infections and a blood sample were collected in a sample of DSM-IV adult outpatients with ADHD. The anti-streptolysin O (ASO), anti-deoxyribonuclease B (anti-DNase B), and anti-basal ganglia antibodies (ABGA) titers were determined in patient plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Titers positivity was evaluated following manufacturer’s specifications. Absolute titers were also collected as continuous variables. Results Fourteen out of 22 (63.6%) have had recurrent infections in childhood (i.e., seven, 31.8%, have had tonsillitis or adenoiditis and seven, 31.8%, have had any other infections). Eighteen patients (81.9%) were positive for anti-DNase B, five (22.7%) for ASO, and 4 (18.2%) were positive for both of them. Five participants (22.7%) were ABGA positive, whereas only two (9.1%) were positive for all three antibodies. Conclusions patients with ADHD might be more prone to infections during childhood and subclinical streptococcal infections during adulthood. Moreover, they seem to have an increased risk for basal ganglia autoimmunity in adulthood. Both infections and the ensuing acquired autoimmunity could influence the neurodevelopmental process, by contributing, at least in part, to the ADHD pathogenesis.

Download Full-text

Dental Implant Placement in Patients with a History of Medications Related to Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: A Systematic Review

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00351 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Judd Sher ◽

Kate Kirkham-Ali ◽

Denny Luo ◽

Catherine Miller ◽

Dileep Sharma

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

At Risk ◽

Drug Therapy ◽

Dental Implant ◽

Case Series ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Bisphosphonate Treatment ◽

Implant Placement ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

The present systematic review evaluates the safety of placing dental implants in patients with a history of antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drug therapy. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Web of Science, and OpenGrey databases were used to search for clinical studies (English only) to July 16, 2019. Study quality was assessed regarding randomization, allocation sequence concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting, and other biases using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for case series. A broad search strategy resulted in the identification of 7542 studies. There were 28 studies reporting on bisphosphonates (5 cohort, 6 case control, and 17 case series) and one study reporting on denosumab (case series) that met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. The quality assessment revealed an overall moderate quality of evidence among the studies. Results demonstrated that patients with a history of bisphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis are not at increased risk of implant failure in terms of osseointegration. However, all patients with a history of bisphosphonate treatment, whether taken orally for osteoporosis or intravenously for malignancy, appear to be at risk of ‘implant surgery-triggered’ MRONJ. In contrast, the risk of MRONJ in patients treated with denosumab for osteoporosis was found to be negligible. In conclusion, general and specialist dentists should exercise caution when planning dental implant therapy in patients with a history of bisphosphonate and denosumab drug therapy. Importantly, all patients with a history of bisphosphonates are at risk of MRONJ, necessitating this to be included in the informed consent obtained prior to implant placement. The James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry Honours program and the Australian Dental Research Foundation Colin Cormie Grant were the primary sources of funding for this systematic review.

Download Full-text