scholarly journals Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on menstrual periods: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Male
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Menstrual Period ◽  
Study Setting

Objective. Clinicians and regulators are receiving reports of changes to menstrual periods following COVID-19 vaccination. However, it is unclear if the two are biologically linked. If they are, people using hormonal contraception are predicted to be less likely to report a change and spontaneously cycling people vaccinated prior to ovulation more likely. The objective was to test these hypotheses. Design. Retrospective cohort study. Setting. UK. Population. 1273 people who had received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccination, have periods or withdrawal bleeds and keep a record of the dates of these. Methods. Participants reported whether they use any hormonal contraception and, for each dose of the vaccine, on which day of their menstrual cycle they were vaccinated and details of how the timing and flow of their next period compared to their normal experience. Main outcome measures. Association between 1. the use of hormonal contraception and reported changes to timing or flow of the next menstrual period, and 2. the timing of vaccination within the menstrual cycle and reported changes to timing or flow of the next menstrual period. Results. The data from this cohort did not support the pre-specified hypotheses that people using hormonal contraception would be less likely to report a change, or that spontaneously cycling people vaccinated prior to ovulation would be more likely to report a change. Conclusions. This study did not detect strong signals supporting the idea that COVID-19 vaccination is linked to menstrual changes in most people. Funding. No specific funding.

scholarly journals Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy and small eyes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Nicole Shao-Yuen Lim ◽  
John Males
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Corneal Dystrophy ◽  
T Test ◽  
Corneal Decompensation

Aim: To determine whether there is an association between Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and shorter axial length (AL), shallower anterior chamber depth (ACD) and higher spherical equivalent (SE). In addition, to evaluate whether there is a correlation between AL and severity of corneal decompensation in FECD, using corneal thickness as a proxy. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: This was a single-centre study conducted in a cornea clinic in Sydney, Australia. Detailed clinical measurements of 91 eyes of 50 FECD patients were compared with 110 eyes of 55 controls. Main outcome measures included AL, ACD and SE. Other outcome measures included central corneal thickness, visual acuity, intraocular pressure and keratometry. Results: Mean AL of FECD patients was 23.6 mm (standard deviation [SD] ±0.9 mm), compared with 24.7 mm (SD ±1.8 mm) for controls (1.1 mm difference [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5-1.6], p < 0.001, independent sample t-test); corresponding means for ACD were 3.0 and 3.3 mm (0.32 mm difference [95%CI 0.2-0.5], p < 0.001, independent t-test). Eleven out of the 22 FECD patients with available refraction data had hypermetropic refraction compared with 16 out of 36 controls (p = 0.68, chi-squared test). The mean SE of FECD patients (+0.10D) was higher than controls (−1.33D) (1.4D difference [0.1-2.8], p = 0.04, independent t-test). No statistically significant correlation was found between AL and corneal thickness (p = 0.28, linear regression). Conclusion: In this retrospective cohort study, a strong association was established between FECD and small eyes, with shorter AL and shallower ACD, compared with controls. These results have important implications for surgical planning, as shorter AL and ACD in FECD patients likely contribute to their high risk of corneal decompensation following cataract surgery.

scholarly journals The outcome of endometrial ablation at Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother Hospital between 2001-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Ahmed El Gohari
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Endometrial Ablation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Queen Mother ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: to determine the long term risk of hysterectomy following balloon endometrial ablation. Design: retrospective cohort study. Setting: A teaching university NHS hospital(Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Hospital. Methods: Patients having balloon endometrial ablation were prospectively recorded in an operating room log-book between 2001 to 2016. This logbook was used to search the pathology laboratory database (Dart and Apex) to identify patients who required a hysterectomy. Results: 796 patients underwent BEA at QEQM Hospital in Margate. The patients’ age was between 25 to 60 years. A hysterectomy was subsequently performed in 166 women (20.85%). The risk of hysterectomy was higher among the 40-50 age group. The shortest time to hysterectomy was 1 year and the longest was 10 years. Conclusion: The risk of having a hysterectomy after endometrial ablation in this study was 8.7% in the first year after the ablation and this risks drop to 3.5% in 2 years after the ablation. There was 20.85% failure rate of endometrial ablation using thermachoice, and this raise the question about the effectiveness of other devices which use ballon ablation like thermablate, cavaterm and librata.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the time to return negative RT-PCR from COVID-19 in paediatric patients: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e052609
Author(s):  
Jianbo Shao ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Zhixi Liu ◽  
Xiaohua Ying ◽  
Hua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Paediatric Patients

ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical features and potential factors related to the time to return negative reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR in discharged paediatric patients with COVID-19.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingUnscheduled admissions to 12 tertiary hospitals in China.ParticipantsTwo hundred and thirty-three clinical charts of paediatric patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted from 1 January 2020 to 17 April 2020.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measures: factors associated with the time to return negative RT-PCR from COVID-19 in paediatric patients. Secondary outcome measures: epidemiological and clinical features and laboratory results in paediatric patients.ResultsThe median age of patients in our cohort was 7.50 (IQR: 2.92–12.17) years, and 133 (57.1%) patients were male. 42 (18.0%) patients were evaluated as asymptomatic, while 162 (69.5%) and 25 (10.7%) patients were classified as mild or moderate, respectively. In Cox regression analysis, longer time to negative RT-PCR was associated with the presence of confirmed infection in family members (HR (95% CI): 0.56 (0.41 to 0.79)). Paediatric patients with emesis symptom had a longer time to return negative (HR (95% CI): 0.33 (0.14 to 0.78)). During hospitalisation, the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and antiviral drugs at the same time is less conducive to return negative than antiviral drugs alone (HR (95% CI): 0.85 (0.64 to 1.13)).ConclusionsThe mode of transmission might be a critical factor determining the disease severity of COVID-19. Patients with emesis symptom, complications or confirmed infection in family members may have longer healing time than others. However, there were no significant favourable effects from TCM when the patients have received antiviral treatment.

Determinants of number-specific recall error of last menstrual period: a retrospective cohort study

2014 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 835-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
RHF van Oppenraaij ◽  
PHC Eilers ◽  
SP Willemsen ◽  
FM van Dunné ◽  
N Exalto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Menstrual Period ◽  
Last Menstrual Period ◽  
Recall Error

scholarly journals The association between periconceptional folic acid supplementation and the risk of preterm birth: a population-based retrospective cohort study of 200,000 women in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wu ◽  
Yanling Yuan ◽  
Cai Kong ◽  
Qiuyue Ma ◽  
Hanfeng Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Menstrual Period ◽  
Last Menstrual Period

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the association between periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation and risk of preterm birth. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study in women aged 18–49 who participated in the NFPHEP from 2010 to 2018, and had a singleton livebirth in 129 counties in southwest China. Participants were divided into four groups according to the time period starting FA use: no use, after the last menstrual period, at least 1–2 months before the last menstrual period, at least 3 months before the last menstrual period. The outcomes were preterm birth (gestation < 37 weeks) and early preterm birth (gestation < 34 weeks). Results 201,477 women were included and 191,809 (95.2%) had taken FA during periconception. Compared with women who did not take FA, women who started taking FA 1–2 months before their last menstrual period had a 15% lower risk of preterm birth (aOR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.79–0.92), and women who started taking FA at least 3 months before their last menstrual period had a 20% lower risk of preterm birth (aOR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.75–0.87), but women who started taking FA after their last menstrual period did not appear to reduce the risk of preterm birth. Conclusions In this study of 200,000 Chinese women, periconceptional supplementation with FA was associated with a lower risk of preterm birth. Women who started taking FA at least 3 months before their last menstrual period were more likely to reduce the risk of preterm birth.

scholarly journals Profile of trauma mortality and trauma care resources at rural emergency departments and urban trauma centres in Quebec: a population-based, retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e028512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Fleet ◽  
François Lauzier ◽  
Fatoumata Korinka Tounkara ◽  
Stéphane Turcotte ◽  
Julien Poitras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Trauma Care ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Trauma Registry ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Trauma Centres

ObjectivesAs Canada’s second largest province, the geography of Quebec poses unique challenges for trauma management. Our primary objective was to compare mortality rates between trauma patients treated at rural emergency departments (EDs) and urban trauma centres in Quebec. As a secondary objective, we compared the availability of trauma care resources and services between these two settings.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting26 rural EDs and 33 level 1 and 2 urban trauma centres in Quebec, Canada.Participants79 957 trauma cases collected from Quebec’s trauma registry.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOur primary outcome measure was mortality (prehospital, ED, in-hospital). Secondary outcome measures were the availability of trauma-related services and staff specialties at rural and urban facilities. Multivariable generalised linear mixed models were used to determine the relationship between the primary facility and mortality.ResultsOverall, 7215 (9.0%) trauma patients were treated in a rural ED and 72 742 (91.0%) received treatment at an urban centre. Mortality rates were higher in rural EDs compared with urban trauma centres (13.3% vs 7.9%, p<0.001). After controlling for available potential confounders, the odds of prehospital or ED mortality were over three times greater for patients treated in a rural ED (OR 3.44, 95% CI 1.88 to 6.28). Trauma care setting (rural vs urban) was not associated with in-hospital mortality. Nearly all of the specialised services evaluated were more present at urban trauma centres.ConclusionsTrauma patients treated in rural EDs had a higher mortality rate and were more likely to die prehospital or in the ED compared with patients treated at an urban trauma centre. Our results were limited by a lack of accurate prehospital times in the trauma registry.

scholarly journals Retrospective delirium ascertainment from case notes: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e042440
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Improved Outcomes

ObjectivesThis study sets out to ascertain if recognition of delirium impacts on patient outcomes.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingUnscheduled admissions to acute care trust/secondary care UK hospitals.ParticipantsSix hundred and fifty-six older adults aged ≥65 years admitted on 14 September 2018.MeasurementsDelirium was ascertained retrospectively from case notes using medical notes. Documented delirium was classified as recognised delirium and retrospectively ascertained delirium was classified as unrecognised delirium.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measure: inpatient mortality. Secondary outcome measures: length of stay, discharge destination.ResultsDelirium was present in 21.1% (132/626) of patients at any point during admission. The presence of delirium was associated with increased mortality (HR 2.65, CI 1.40 to 5.01). Recognition of delirium did not significantly impact on outcomes.ConclusionsDelirium is associated with adverse outcomes in hospitalised older adults. However, there is insufficient evidence that recognition of delirium affects outcomes. However, delirium recognition presents an opportunity to discuss a person’s overall prognosis and discuss this with the patient and their family. Further research is needed to assess the pathophysiology of delirium to enable development of targeted interventions towards improved outcomes in patients with delirium.

scholarly journals Patterns of initial opioid prescription and its association with short-term and long-term use among opioid-naïve patients in Malaysia: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e027203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che Suraya Zin ◽  
Nor Ilyani Nazar ◽  
Norny Syafinaz Abdul Rahman ◽  
Wan Rohaidah Ahmad ◽  
Nurul Sahida Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Opioid Users

ObjectiveThis study examined opioid prescription initiation patterns and their association with short-term and long-term opioid use among opioid-naïve patients.DesignThis study was designed as a retrospective cohort study.Setting and participantsIn this study, we analysed the prescription databases of tertiary hospitals in Malaysia. This study included patients aged ≥18 years with at least one opioid prescription (buprenorphine, morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl, dihydrocodeine or tramadol) between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2016. These patients had no opioid prescriptions in the 365 days prior, and were followed up for 365 days after the initial opioid prescription.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome measures were the number of short-term (<90 days) and long-term opioid users (≥90 days), initial opioid prescription period and daily dose.ResultsThere were 33 752 opioid-naïve patients who received opioid prescriptions (n=43 432 prescriptions) during the study period. Of these, 29 824 (88.36%) were short-term opioid users and 3928 (11.64%) were long-term opioid users. The majority of these short-term (99.09%) and long-term users (96.18%) received an initial daily opioid dose of <50 mg/day with a short-acting opioid formulation. Short-term opioid users were predominantly prescribed opioids for 3–7 days (59.06%) by the emergency department (ED, 60.56%), while long-term opioid users were primarily prescribed opioids for ≥7 days (91.85%) by non-ED hospital departments (91.8%). The adjusted model showed that the following were associated with long-term opioid use: increasing opioid daily doses, prescription period ≥7 days and long-acting opioids initiated by non-EDs.ConclusionsThe majority of opioid-naïve patients in tertiary hospital settings in Malaysia were prescribed opioids for short-term use. The progression to long-term use among opioid-naïve patients was attributed to the prescription of higher opioid doses for a longer duration as well as long-acting opioids initiated by non-ED hospital departments.

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