scholarly journals La ‘sofisticación’ como dimensión de cambio en el desarrollo epistemológico / “Sophistication” as a Dimension of Change in Developing a Personal Epistemology

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Constanza Ruiz-Danegger ◽  
Yolanda Fernández-Acevedo ◽  
José Eduardo Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Epistemological Beliefs ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Personal Epistemology ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Formal Criterion ◽  
Epistemological Position

<p><em><strong>Español</strong></em></p><p>El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer que la noción de <strong>‘</strong>cambio evolutivo<strong>’</strong> puede ser estudiado de forma más refinada por medio de su dimensionalidad, es decir el conjunto de sus dimensiones o aspectos. Se propone que dichas dimensiones son al menos dos: <em>sofisticación</em> y <em>especificación</em>. Se enfoca en el examen de la sofisticación, en tanto se la considera la dimensión aparentemente <em>obvia </em>y habitualmente estudiada como sinónimo de <strong>‘</strong>cambio evolutivo<strong>’</strong>. Se establece un criterio formal y dos criterios sustanciales para su reconocimiento: la significación estadística de las diferencias (que constituye el criterio habitual dentro de los estudios de corte cuantitativo), el cotejo con la progresión evolutiva que puede ser hipotetizada en base a los antecedentes de estudios y la atención de las formas de las trayectorias de desarrollo que resultan. Los criterios fueron formulados en referencia con los supuestos del llamado <strong>‘</strong>modelo de cambio conceptual<strong>’</strong> y con los antecedentes de estudios sobre desarrollo epistemológico. Asimismo se estableció una metodología apropiada a tales criterios. Los criterios para establecer la existencia de sofisticación fueron utilizados una investigación más amplia sobre el desarrollo de las creencias o supuestos epistemológicos sobre la ciencia y la tecnología en estudiantes de educación técnico profesional de nivel secundario. Los resultados condujeron tanto al hallazgo de resultados no informados previamente en los estudios sobre desarrollo epistemológico como a la puesta a prueba de algunos supuestos teóricos sobre el cambio cognitivo.</p><p><em><strong>English</strong></em></p><p><span>This work aims to refine the notion of “developmental change” by studying its dimensionality, i.e., the whole of its dimensions or aspects. In that context, “sophistication” would be the dimension usually seen as synonymous with “developmental change”. It is proposed to probe it from a) a formal criterion: (statistical significance of differences) and two substantial ones: (b) the contrast of the “weak” vs. “strong” character of belief development, and c) their correspondence with predictions from the literature. For their study on quantitative data, the following was suggested: a) MANOVA; b) a device to locate the beliefs in their continuum of meaning, and analyze their evolution; and c) to detail the shape and meaning of trajectories defined by the data set. Such procedures were used on data from a wider investigation on the development of epistemological beliefs about science and technology in secondary technical vocational education students. A not yet informed epistemological position (“advanced objectivism”), evidence of the distinction between “weak” and “strong sophistication” in the meanings assigned to epistemological beliefs, and several form patterns were found in the trajectories. These findings are strictly the result of proposing the notion of “sophistication”.</span></p>

Perceptual Conscience in Vocationalism and the Emotional State of Vocational Education Students: A Case Study of Conflict in Bangkok

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
WANDEE SUTTHINARAKORN ◽  
◽  
CHINTANA KANJANAWISU ◽  
SUTITEP SIRIPIPATTANAKUL ◽  
WINAI KANCHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Education Students

scholarly journals Do galactic bars depend on environment?: an information theoretic analysis of Galaxy Zoo 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 501 (1) ◽  
pp. 994-1001
Author(s):  
Suman Sarkar ◽  
Biswajit Pandey ◽  
Snehasish Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Mutual Information ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Information Theoretic

ABSTRACT We use an information theoretic framework to analyse data from the Galaxy Zoo 2 project and study if there are any statistically significant correlations between the presence of bars in spiral galaxies and their environment. We measure the mutual information between the barredness of galaxies and their environments in a volume limited sample (Mr ≤ −21) and compare it with the same in data sets where (i) the bar/unbar classifications are randomized and (ii) the spatial distribution of galaxies are shuffled on different length scales. We assess the statistical significance of the differences in the mutual information using a t-test and find that both randomization of morphological classifications and shuffling of spatial distribution do not alter the mutual information in a statistically significant way. The non-zero mutual information between the barredness and environment arises due to the finite and discrete nature of the data set that can be entirely explained by mock Poisson distributions. We also separately compare the cumulative distribution functions of the barred and unbarred galaxies as a function of their local density. Using a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, we find that the null hypothesis cannot be rejected even at $75{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ confidence level. Our analysis indicates that environments do not play a significant role in the formation of a bar, which is largely determined by the internal processes of the host galaxy.

scholarly journals Quantification of Dendritic Spines Remodeling under Physiological Stimuli and in Pathological Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4053
Author(s):  
Ewa Bączyńska ◽  
Katarzyna Karolina Pels ◽  
Subhadip Basu ◽  
Jakub Włodarczyk ◽  
Błażej Ruszczycki
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Spines ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Biological Models ◽  
Structural Geometry ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Experimental Approaches

Numerous brain diseases are associated with abnormalities in morphology and density of dendritic spines, small membranous protrusions whose structural geometry correlates with the strength of synaptic connections. Thus, the quantitative analysis of dendritic spines remodeling in microscopic images is one of the key elements towards understanding mechanisms of structural neuronal plasticity and bases of brain pathology. In the following article, we review experimental approaches designed to assess quantitative features of dendritic spines under physiological stimuli and in pathological conditions. We compare various methodological pipelines of biological models, sample preparation, data analysis, image acquisition, sample size, and statistical analysis. The methodology and results of relevant experiments are systematically summarized in a tabular form. In particular, we focus on quantitative data regarding the number of animals, cells, dendritic spines, types of studied parameters, size of observed changes, and their statistical significance.

Consuming Selected Groups of Products Among Polish and Spanish Physical Education Students Within the Context of the Assumptions Proposed by the Mediterranean Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (92) ◽  
pp. 15-16
Author(s):  
Maria Gacek ◽  
Grażyna Kosiba ◽  
Agnieszka Wojtowicz ◽  
Jacek Szalewski
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Physical Education Students ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
The Mediterranean

Introduction: Nutritional behaviour is determined by individual and environmental factors. Aim: The aim of the study was to analyse the frequency of consuming selected groups of food products within the context of the recommendations proposed by the Mediterranean diet model, depending on the country of residence: Polish vs. Spanish physical education students. Material and methods: Research was carried out among 219 Polish and 280 Spanish students, using the standardised Kom-PAN questionnaire. In the statistical analysis, the chi-square test was used, at the α=0.05 level of statistical significance. Results: Nutritional mistakes of the general population were related to the low frequency of consuming: fruit, vegetables, wholemeal bread and other whole grains, fermented dairy products and vegetable oils, and the relatively frequent consumption of red meat, processed meat products and confectionery. Among the Polish students, significantly more frequent consumption of some products recommended in the Mediterranean diet (fruit, vegetables and wholegrain cereal products) as well as poultry meat was noted, but also more frequent consumption of sweets and confectionery products (p<0.001). The Spanish students significantly more often consumed the recommended dishes with legume seeds and sea fish (p<0.001), but also non-recommended products - red meat and fast food (p<0.01). Conclusions: Among Polish and Spanish physical education students, the assumptions of the Mediterranean diet were implemented to a limit extent, while depending on the country of residence, their differentiation was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Effects of two different deep digital flexor tenotomy techniques on distal articular angles of equine cadaver forelimbs

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 2005-2010
Author(s):  
Antonio Cezar de Oliveira Dearo ◽  
Vitor Bruno Bianconi Rosa ◽  
Peter Reichmann ◽  
Milton Luis Ribeiro de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Distal Interphalangeal ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Flexor Tenotomy

Deep digital flexor (DDF) tenotomy is a technique employed for years to treat selected disorders of the musculoskeletal system in horses. Although two different surgical approaches (i.e. mid-metacarpal and pastern) have been described for performing the procedure, in vitro quantitative data regarding the modifications induced by either technique on the distal articular angles is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of the study reported here was to investigate the viability of a proposed biomechanical system of induced-traction used to compare the two DDF tenotomy techniques by measuring the distal articular angles of equine cadaver forelimbs. Ten pairs of forelimbs were collected and mounted to a biomechanical system developed to apply traction at the toe level. Dorsal articular angles of the metacarpophalangeal (MP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints were determined by geometric lines on radiographs taken before and after performing each technique. Comparisons between each tenotomy group and its own control, for each joint, and between the two tenotomy groups using as variable the difference between the tenotomy and control groups were tested. Despite the lack of statistical significance, the DDF tenotomy technique at the pastern level produced extension, to a lesser and greater extent, of the PIP and DIP joints, respectively when compared to the mid-metacarpal level. No remarkable differences could be observed for the MP joint. The developed traction-induced biomechanical construct seemed to be effective in producing valuable quantitative estimations of the distal articular angles of equine cadaver forelimbs subjected to different DDF tenotomy techniques.

scholarly journals Children with 5′-end NF1 gene mutations are more likely to have glioma

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. e192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Anastasaki ◽  
Stephanie M. Morris ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
David H. Gutmann
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Nonsense Mutations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Nf1 Gene ◽  
The Relationship

Objective:To ascertain the relationship between the germline NF1 gene mutation and glioma development in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).Methods:The relationship between the type and location of the germline NF1 mutation and the presence of a glioma was analyzed in 37 participants with NF1 from one institution (Washington University School of Medicine [WUSM]) with a clinical diagnosis of NF1. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using both unadjusted and weighted analyses of this data set in combination with 4 previously published data sets.Results:While no statistical significance was observed between the location and type of the NF1 mutation and glioma in the WUSM cohort, power calculations revealed that a sample size of 307 participants would be required to determine the predictive value of the position or type of the NF1 gene mutation. Combining our data set with 4 previously published data sets (n = 310), children with glioma were found to be more likely to harbor 5′-end gene mutations (OR = 2; p = 0.006). Moreover, while not clinically predictive due to insufficient sensitivity and specificity, this association with glioma was stronger for participants with 5′-end truncating (OR = 2.32; p = 0.005) or 5′-end nonsense (OR = 3.93; p = 0.005) mutations relative to those without glioma.Conclusions:Individuals with NF1 and glioma are more likely to harbor nonsense mutations in the 5′ end of the NF1 gene, suggesting that the NF1 mutation may be one predictive factor for glioma in this at-risk population.

scholarly journals Displaying Labeled Quantitative Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Marcin Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Graphical Representations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Quantitative Variable ◽  
Word Cloud

Abstract The information world is full of labeled quantitative data, in which a number of qualitative categories are to be compared based on a quantitative variable. Their graphical representations are various and serve different audiences and purposes. Based on a simple data set and its different visualizations, we will play with the data and their visual representation. We will use well-known charts, such as a regular table, a bar plot, and a word cloud; less-know, such as Cleveland’s dot plot, a fan plot, and a text-table; and new ones, constructed for the very aim of this essay, such as a labeled rectangle plot and a ruler-like graph. Our discussion will not aim to choose the best graph but rather to show the different faces of visualizing labeled quantitative data. I hope to convince the readers that it is always worth spending a minute on pondering how to present their data.

PROBLEMS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION STUDENTS’ READINESS FOR SUCCESSFUL SOCIAL INTERACTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (103) ◽  
pp. 171-184
Author(s):  
NIKOLAI P. SENCHENKOV
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Secondary Vocational Education

The article deals with the problem of vocational education students’ readiness for successful social interaction. The structural units of the concept under consideration are also analyzed in detail. Special attention is paid to the influence of different social groups that determine the formation of students’ readiness for successful social interaction in the secondary vocational education system.

What is the Best Technique?

2008 ◽  
pp. 240-274
Author(s):  
Emilia Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Estimation Technique ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Estimation Techniques ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Effort Prediction

Although numerous studies on Web effort estimation have been carried out to date, there is no consensus on what constitutes the best effort estimation technique to be used by Web companies. It seems that not only the effort estimation technique itself can influence the accuracy of predictions, but also the characteristics of the data set used (e.g., skewness, collinearity; Shepperd & Kadoda, 2001). Therefore, it is often necessary to compare different effort estimation techniques, looking for those that provide the best estimation accuracy for the data set being employed. With this in mind, the use of graphical aids such as boxplots is not always enough to assess the existence of significant differences between effort prediction models. The same applies to measures of prediction accuracy such as the mean magnitude of relative error (MMRE), median magnitude of relative error (MdMRE), and prediction at level l (Pred[25]). Other techniques, which correspond to the group of statistical significance tests, need to be employed to check if the different residuals obtained for each of the effort estimation techniques compared come from the same population. This chapter details how to use such techniques and how their results should be interpreted.

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