Eating Out: Fast Food Consumption and its Impact on Health of Young Generation of Karachi

This paper has measured the impacts of fast food on the health of the young generation. In today’s age where both the genders are working as bread earners of the family, people prefer fast foods because of the convenience factor and eating fast food is affecting and influencing the health of the young generation. The core population, who consume fast food the most frequently is teenage youth. The study is based on value expectancy theory and attempts to develop and test a theory-based questionnaire that identifies factor relating to fast food consumption and impact on health. In this qualitative study, data is collected by interviews with seven persons. The predetermine open-ended questions had been made to investigate the thoughts of respondents and indicate the key meanings that each participant had described his or her experiences. After conducting interviews from participants then identified relevant themes and are further discussed in the results. All findings are supported by the literature review that is related to this study. Moreover, the qualitative study ends with some recommendations to the young generation.

Download Full-text

The Frequency of Fast Food Consumption in Relation to Wheeze and Asthma Among Adolescents in Gauteng and North West Provinces, South Africa

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17061994 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 1994 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vusumuzi Nkosi ◽

Funzani Rathogwa-Takalani ◽

Kuku Voyi

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Fast Food ◽

Respiratory Health ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Fast Foods ◽

North West ◽

Fast Food Consumption ◽

Life Style Changes ◽

Eating Fast

The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases have been on the rise, especially in developing countries due to life-style changes. The study aimed to investigate the association between the frequency of fast food consumption with wheeze and asthma among adolescents. A previously validated self-completed questionnaire from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood was used to collect information on demographics, socioeconomic status, house characteristics, adolescent respiratory health and diet. The prevalence of wheeze was 38.2% and of asthma was 16.37% among the adolescents. The results from the adjusted regression analyses indicated that eating fast foods three or more times per week was a statistically significant risk factor for wheeze (OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.26–2.03) and asthma (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.04–1.91). The study found an association between eating fast foods three or more times per week and wheeze and asthma among adolescents in South Africa. Unhealthy diet plays a crucial role in respiratory health among adolescents; healthy eating habits are encouraged to reduce the burden of respiratory symptoms and diseases.

Download Full-text

Cooking Frequency Associated With Dietary Quality in iCook-4H Youth Participants at Baseline

Nutrition and Metabolic Insights ◽

10.1177/1178638819836790 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 117863881983679

Author(s):

Amber D Ford ◽

Sarah E Colby ◽

Marissa McElrone ◽

Lisa Franzen-Castle ◽

Melissa D Olfert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Fast Food ◽

Weight Status ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Fast Foods ◽

Assistance Programs ◽

Fast Food Consumption ◽

Different Types ◽

Pearson Correlations

Background: Increased intakes of ready-made and fast foods paralleled with decreased homemade food consumption have been associated with increased rates of obesity. Researchers have shown associations between cooking self-efficacy (SE) and cooking frequency (CF) with dietary quality and weight status. Some cooking interventions have shown positive associations with dietary outcomes, such as increased fruit and vegetable intake and decreased fast food consumption. There is still much unknown about SE and CF, especially among youth. Objective: Determine baseline SE and CF and the associations with dietary quality and body mass index (BMI) of youth enrolled in iCook 4H. Methods: Youth (n = 228, ages 9-10 years) completed online surveys assessing SE, CF, dietary quality, and demographics. Anthropometrics were collected to calculate BMI-for-age percentiles and weight categories. Descriptive statistics were completed for CF, SE, BMI categories, and demographics. Differences in CF and SE by sex, race, and participation in government assistance programs were determined through independent-sample t tests. Pearson correlations were used to assess the association between dietary quality and CF and SE. Associations between CF and dietary quality were assessed further through 2-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) that included CF and sex and CF and race as independent variables. Associations between SE and CF and BMI were assessed through ANOVAs. Results: Thirty-seven percent of youth were overweight or obese. Females reported significantly higher CF than males ( P = .042). Cooking frequency was positively associated with dietary quality ( P < .001), but BMI was not associated with dietary quality. SE was not associated with dietary quality or BMI. Conclusion: Based on results, CF was positively associated with dietary quality among youth. More research is needed to assess how different types of cooking relate to diet and BMI. Interventions are needed to determine whether increasing CF leads to better diet outcomes.

Download Full-text

Factors influencing fast food consumption: a case study of University of Venda Students, Limpopo, South Africa

Technium Social Sciences Journal ◽

10.47577/tssj.v26i1.5176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 888-899

Author(s):

S. Rabotata ◽

T. L. Malatji

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Young Adults ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Fast Food ◽

Direct Interaction ◽

Western Society ◽

Design Data ◽

Fast Foods ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Fast Food Consumption

Eating fast foods more than twice per week is associated with more weight gain and insulin resistance in otherwise healthy young adults. However many consumers see fast foods as symbols of wealth, progress and well-ordered openness of western society. Studies reveal that fast food consumption is the dominant dietary pattern among children and young adults today. However there is little data on the factors influencing fast food consumption in South Africa. Therefore this research paper focuses on factors influencing fast food consumption in South Africa. This is an empirical data which was obtained using exploratory and descriptive research design. Data was collected through unstructured interview of focus groups. The interview involved a direct interaction between the researcher and a group. Participants reported to use fast foods due to the perceived lack of time to prepare one’s own meal. Fast food consumption was found to be more frequent among participants especially during lunch times. The following findings were recorded as factors influencing fast food: Lack of time, change in living conditions, lack of cooking skills & cooking utensils, fun & cravings, socializing and convenience.

Download Full-text

Parents’ and Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Strategies to Reduce Fast Food Consumption Among Iranian Adolescents: A Qualitative Study

Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal ◽

10.5812/ircmj.26614 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hesamedin Askari Majdabadi ◽

Ali Montazeri ◽

Davoud Shojaeizadeh ◽

Saharnaz Nedjat ◽

Farideh Khalajabadi Farahani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Study ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Fast Food ◽

Fast Food Consumption

Download Full-text

Association between commercial television exposure and fast-food consumption among adults

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980008002012 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 105-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Maree Scully ◽

Helen Dixon ◽

Melanie Wakefield

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Fast Food ◽

Television Advertising ◽

Cumulative Exposure ◽

Commercial Television ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fast Food Consumption ◽

Food Advertisements ◽

Advertising Exposure ◽

Eating Fast

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between television advertising exposure and adults’ consumption of fast foods.DesignCross-sectional telephone survey. Questions included measures of frequency of fast-food consumption at different meal times and average daily hours spent watching commercial television.Subjects/settingSubjects comprised 1495 adults (41 % response rate) aged ≥18 years from Victoria, Australia.ResultsTwenty-three per cent of respondents usually ate fast food for dinner at least once weekly, while 17 % consumed fast food for lunch on a weekly basis. The majority of respondents reported never eating fast food for breakfast (73 %) or snacks (65 %). Forty-one per cent of respondents estimated watching commercial television for ≤1 h/d (low viewers); 29 % watched for 2 h/d (moderate viewers); 30 % watched for ≥3 h/d (high viewers). After adjusting for demographic variables, high viewers were more likely to eat fast food for dinner at least once weekly compared with low viewers (OR = 1·45; 95 % CI 1·04, 2·03). Both moderate viewers (OR = 1·53; 95 % CI 1·01, 2·31) and high viewers (OR = 1·81; 95 % CI 1·20, 2·72) were more likely to eat fast food for snacks at least once weekly compared with low viewers. Commercial television viewing was not significantly related (P> 0·05) to fast-food consumption at breakfast or lunch.ConclusionsThe results of the present study provide evidence to suggest that cumulative exposure to television food advertising is linked to adults’ fast-food consumption. Additional research that systematically assesses adults’ behavioural responses to fast-food advertisements is needed to gain a greater understanding of the mechanisms driving this association.

Download Full-text

Determining Intention, Fast Food Consumption and Their Related Factors Among University Students by Using A Behavior Change Theory

10.21203/rs.3.rs-118684/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alireza Didarloo ◽

Surur Khalili ◽

Ahmad Ali Aghapour ◽

Seyed Mortaza Mousavi

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

University Students ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Fast Food ◽

Actual Behavior ◽

Fast Foods ◽

Fast Food Consumption ◽

Study Results ◽

Intent To Use ◽

And Behavior

Abstract Background Today, with the advancement of science, technology and industry, people's lifestyles such as the pattern of people's food, have changed from traditional foods to fast foods. The aim of this survey was to examine and identify factors influencing intent to use fast foods and behavior of fast food intake among students based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 229 university students. The study sample was selected and entered to the study using stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using a four-part questionnaire including Participants’ characteristics, knowledge, the TPB variables, and fast food consumption behavior. The study data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16.0) using descriptive statistics (frequencies, Means, and Standard Deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test, Chi-square, correlation coefficient and multiple regressions). Results The monthly frequency of fast food consumption among students was reported 2.7 times. The TPB explained 35%, 23% variance of intent to use fast food and behavior of fast food intake, respectively. Among the TPB variables, knowledge (r=.340, p<0.001) and subjective norm (r=.318, p<0.001) were known as important predictors of intention to consume fast foods - In addition, based on regression analyses, intention (r=.215, p<0.05), perceived behavioral control (r=.205, p<0.05), and knowledge (r=.127, p<0.05) were related to fast food consumption, and these relationships were statistically significant. Conclusions The current study showed that the TPB is a good theory in predicting intent to use fast food and the actual behavior. It is supposed that health educators use from the present study results in designing appropriate interventions to improve nutritional status of students.

Download Full-text

The Association of Romantic Relationships, Eating Out Habits, Physical Activity, and Alcohol Consumption in College Freshman Over Time

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa059_064 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1347-1347

Author(s):

Madison Schmucker ◽

Irene van Woerden ◽

Corrie Whisner ◽

Meg Bruening

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Romantic Relationships ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Fast Food ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

College Freshman ◽

Relationship Status ◽

Fast Food Consumption ◽

Eating Out ◽

Restaurant Meals

Abstract Objectives While a growing body of literature acknowledges the role that close relationships have on nutrition outcomes, little research has assessed how significant others impact health during youth. This study assessed how being in a relationship during freshman year is associated with fast food consumption, restaurant meals, physical activity (PA), and alcohol intake. Methods The current study is a secondary analysis from SPARC (Social impact of Physical Activity and nutRition in College), a longitudinal study of nutrition and weight outcomes among college freshman. Participants (n = 535; 73% female; 50% non-white) completed web-based surveys during the 2015–2016 academic year at two different time points: August 2015 (T1) and November 2015 (T2). Mixed generalized logistic regression, adjusted for participant sociodemographic and clustering of students within residence halls, examined the association between fast food consumption, restaurant meals, PA, and alcohol intake at T2, after controlling for T1 relationship status and T1 eating out, PA, and alcohol intake. Results At T1, 34% of participants were in a relationship, 23% of participants reported fast food consumption >2 days/week, 31% reported restaurant meals >1 day/week, 26% of participants reported high levels of PA, and 43% reported weekly alcohol intake. Participants in a relationship at T1 were significantly more likely to eat in a restaurant at T2, after controlling for T1 restaurant use (OR = 1.78, P = 0.009). No association was observed with relationship status and fast food consumption (OR = 1.36, P = 0.226), physical activity (OR = 1.14, P = 0.588), or alcohol consumption (OR = 0.67, P = 0.096). Conclusions Findings suggest romantic relationships are associated with greater restaurant use in college freshman, but none of the other assessed behaviors. Future research is needed to assess the extent to which being in a relationship influences eating behavior among college freshman, and how it may relate to weight changes. Funding Sources This work was supported by the NIH Common Fund from the Office of the Director and Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research and by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as part of Maternal Child Health Bureau Nutrition Training Grant.

Download Full-text

Personal and lifestyle characteristics predictive of the consumption of fast foods in Australia

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980007000109 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1456-1463 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Philip Mohr ◽

Carlene Wilson ◽

Kirsten Dunn ◽

Emily Brindal ◽

Gary Wittert

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Fast Food ◽

Occupational Status ◽

Nationwide Survey ◽

Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽

Or Education ◽

Fast Foods ◽

Fast Food Consumption ◽

Frequent Consumption ◽

Allocation Of Time

AbstractObjectiveTo identify key predictors of fast-food consumption from a range of demographic, attitudinal, personality and lifestyle variables.MethodsWe analysed data from a nationwide survey (n= 20 527) conducted in Australia by Nielsen Media Research. Items assessing frequency of fast-food consumption at (1) eat in and (2) take away were regressed onto 12 demographic, seven media consumption, and 23 psychological and lifestyle variables, the latter derived from factor analysis of responses to 107 attitudinal and behavioural items.ResultsStepwise multiple regression analyses explained 29.6% of the variance for frequency of take-away and 9.6% of the variance for frequency of eat-in consumption of fast foods. Predictors of more frequent consumption of fast food at take away (and, to a lesser extent, eat in) included lower age – especially under 45 years, relative indifference to health consequences of behaviour, greater household income, more exposure to advertising, greater receptiveness to advertising, lesser allocation of time for eating, and greater allocation of time to home entertainment. There were no effects for occupational status or education level.ConclusionsThe effects for age suggest that fast-food take-away consumption is associated with a general cultural shift in eating practices; individual differences in attitudinal and lifestyle characteristics constitute additional, cumulative, predictive factors. The role of advertising and the reasons for the lesser explanatory value of the eat-in models are important targets for further research.

Download Full-text

Determining Intention, Fast Food Consumption and their Related Factors among University Students by Using a Behavior Change Theory

10.21203/rs.3.rs-193734/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alireza Didarloo ◽

Surur Khalili ◽

Ahmad Ali Aghapour ◽

Seyed Mortaza Mousavi

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

University Students ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Fast Food ◽

Actual Behavior ◽

Fast Foods ◽

Fast Food Consumption ◽

Study Results ◽

Intent To Use ◽

And Behavior

Abstract BackgroundToday, with the advancement of science, technology and industry, people's lifestyles such as the pattern of people's food, have changed from traditional foods to fast foods. The aim of this survey was to examine and identify factors influencing intent to use fast foods and behavior of fast food intake among students based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 229 university students. The study sample was selected and entered to the study using stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using a four-part questionnaire including Participants’ characteristics, knowledge, the TPB variables, and fast food consumption behavior. The study data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16.0) using descriptive statistics (frequencies, Means, and Standard Deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test, Chi-square, correlation coefficient and multiple regressions).ResultsThe monthly frequency of fast food consumption among students was reported 2.7 times. The TPB explained 35%, 23% variance of intent to use fast food and behavior of fast food intake, respectively. Among the TPB variables, knowledge (r=.340, p<0.001) and subjective norm (r=.318, p<0.001) were known as important predictors of intention to consume fast foods - In addition, based on regression analyses, intention (r=.215, p<0.05), perceived behavioral control (r=.205, p<0.05), and knowledge (r=.127, p<0.05) were related to fast food consumption, and these relationships were statistically significant. ConclusionsThe current study showed that the TPB is a good theory in predicting intent to use fast food and the actual behavior. It is supposed that health educators use from the present study results in designing appropriate interventions to improve nutritional status of students.

Download Full-text

HUBUNGAN PENGARUH TEMAN DENGAN FREKUENSI KONSUMSI FAST FOOD MODERN PADA MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS XYZ DI KOTA DEPOK

Edu Dharma Journal: Jurnal penelitian dan pengabdian masyarakat ◽

10.52031/edj.v5i2.172 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Nur Putri Erdianti

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Fast Food ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Z Score ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Systematic Random Sampling ◽

Fast Food Consumption ◽

Eating Fast

ABSTRACTExcessive consumption of fast food can increase the incidence of obesity and other health problems in adolescents. Eating fast food more than twice per week can increase BMI z-score significantly, compared to eating fast food once a week or not eating fast food at all. This study aims to determine the relationship between the influence of friends with the frequency of modern fast food consumption among students XYZ University in Depok. The research method used is quantitative with cross-sectional study design conducted to 148 students XYZ University Depok selected by systematic random sampling. It used questionnaire about individual characteristics, food characteristics, and environmental characteristics, while data of frequency fast food consumption from FFQ. Result showed that 51,4% of respondents consumed fast food often. Furthermore, there is a difference proportion in the influence of friends (p = 0.001) in determining the frequency of fast food consumption. Students with strong friend influences are 3.6 times more likely to eat fast food more often compared to poor friend influences. ABSTRAKKonsumsi fast food yang berlebihan dapat meningkatkan kejadian obesitas dan masalah kesehatan lainnya pada remaja. Mengonsumsi fast food lebih dari dua kali per minggu dapat meningkatkan BMI z-score secara signifikan, dibandingkan dengan yang mengonsumsi fast food seminggu sekali atau tidak mengonsumsi fast food sama sekali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor pengaruh teman dengan frekuensi konsumsi fast food modern pada mahasiswa Universitas XYZ di Kota Depok. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional yang dilakukan kepada 148 mahasiswa Universitas XYZ yang dipilih dengan systematic random sampling. Data karakteristik diperoleh dari kuesioner, sedangkan data frekuensi konsumsi fast food diperoleh dari FFQ. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebanyak 51,4% responden mengonsumsi fast food dengan frekuensi sering. Terdapat perbedaan proporsi pada pengaruh teman (p=0,001) dalam menentukan frekuensi konsumsi fast food. Mahasiswa dengan pengaruh teman yang kuat berpeluang 3,6 kali lebih sering mengonsumsi fast food dibandingkan mahasiswa dengan pengaruh teman lemah.

Download Full-text