scholarly journals Laboratory Analysis of Foam Generating Surfactants and Their Thermal Stability for Enhanced Oil Recovery Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khan Memon ◽  
Ubedullah Ansari ◽  
Habib U Zaman Memon
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Alpha Olefin Sulfonate ◽  
Alpha Olefin ◽  
Secondary Oil Recovery ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Brine Salinity

The residual oil after primary or secondary oil recovery can be recovered by the methods of EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery). The objective of this study is screening the surfactants that generate maximum stable foam in the presence of brine salinity at 92oC. Laboratory experiments have been performed to examine and compare the stability of generated foam by individual and blended surfactants in the synthetic brine water. AOS C14-16 (Alpha Olefin Sulfonate) and SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfonate) were selected as main surfactants. Aqueous stability test of AOS C14-16 and SDS with brine water salinity 62070ppm was performed at 92oC. AAS (Alcohol Alkoxy Sulfate) was blended with SDS and AOS C14-16. The solution was stable in the presence of brine salinity at same conditions. Salt tolerance experimental study revealed that AOS C14-16 did not produce precipitates at 92oC. Further, the foam stability of surfactant blend was performed. Result shows that, the maximum life time of generated foam was observed by using blend of 0.2wt% SDS+0.2wt% AOS+0.2wt% AS-1246 and 0.2wt% AOS+0.2wt% IOSC15-18+0.2wt% AAS surfactants as compared to the foam generated by individual surfactants. The success of generated foam by these surfactant solutions in the presence of brine water is the primary screening of surfactant stability and foamability for EOR applications in reservoirs type of reservoirs.

scholarly journals Characterization of lauryl betaine foam in the Hele-Shaw cell at high foam qualities (80%–98%)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1634-1654
Author(s):  
Asad Hassan Syed ◽  
Nurudeen Yekeen ◽  
Eswaran Padmanabhan ◽  
Ahmad Kamal Idris ◽  
Dzeti Farhah Mohshim
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Alpha Olefin Sulfonate ◽  
Stable Foam ◽  
Alpha Olefin ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Film Thinning ◽  
Hele Shaw Cell

AbstractLauryl betaine (LB) as an amphoteric surfactant carries both positive and negative charges and should be able to generate stable foam through electrostatic interaction with nanoparticles and co-surfactants. However, no previous attempts have been made to investigate the influence of nanoparticles and other co-surfactants on the stability and apparent viscosity of LB-stabilized foam. In this study, a thorough investigation on the influence of silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles, alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), on foam stability and apparent viscosity was carried out. The experiments were conducted with the 2D Hele-Shaw cell at high foam qualities (80%–98%). Influence of AOS on the interaction between the LB foam and oil was also investigated. Results showed that the SiO2-LB foam apparent viscosity decreased with increasing surfactant concentration from 0.1 wt% to 0.3 wt%. 0.1 wt% SiO2 was the optimum concentration and increased the 0.1 wt% LB foam stability by 108.65% at 96% foam quality. In the presence of co-surfactants, the most stable foam, with the highest apparent viscosity, was generated by AOS/LB solution at a ratio of 9:1. The emulsified crude oil did not imbibe into AOS-LB foam lamellae. Instead, oil was redirected into the plateau borders where the accumulated oil drops delayed the rate of film thinning, bubble coalescence and coarsening.

Advances in Evaluation of Surfactant Performances at High Temperature by Static Foam Tests

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 634-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudassar Mumtaz ◽  
Isa Mohd Tan ◽  
Muhammad Mushtaq ◽  
Muhammad Sagir
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Foam Height ◽  
Surfactant Molecule ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Endurance Time ◽  
Alpha Olefin ◽  
Designed Experiment

—Foam stability and mobility reduction are the key parameters for foam assisted enhanced oil recovery. The harsh conditions such as high temperature, pressure and salinity present in an oil reservoir tend to destabilise the foam leading to poor sweep efficiency. Screening for the best performing foaming recipes has been performed to ascertain foam stability in the presence and absence of oil. Static foam test has been performed in order to study the foam stability and foam oil interactions at 90°C. Two anionic surfactants, alpha olefin sulphonate (AOS14-16) and methyl ester sulphonate (MES16-18) were mixed with betaine (foam booster) in different proportions to design the formulations. In addition to the ternary formulations, binary formulation involving surfactant and betaine were also evaluated for foam stability. For the study of oil effects on foaming performance of surfactant formulation, n-decane, diesel and Dulang crude oil are used. The recipes were evaluated by static foam tests to note the foam height and endurance time. It was found that the anionic surfactant played a major role in foam stability and the betaine was found less significant. However, the betaine alone was found effective for foaming and was poor for endurance time. While in mixture, the surfactant and betaine were found to interact strongly and a profound synergistic effect was noted. During oil interaction studies, the alkane type oils of low molecular weight become solubilised with surfactant molecule forming an emulsion and hence decimate the foam stability. However, higher alkanes with molecular chain more than ten carbon atoms (decane) stabilised the foam because of low solubilisation efficiency between surfactant and oil to form emulsions. The obtained results of the designed experiment have been analysed and discussed in detail to understand the contribution of individual component as well as their interactions with each other in order to stabilize foams.Keywords—Static Foam, Foam-Oil interactions, AOS, MES, Enhanced Oil Recovery

Evaluation of foam performance at different temperature for enhanced oil recovery process

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Suhana Abd Rahim ◽  
Ismail Mohd Saaid ◽  
Abubakar Abubakar Umar
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Foam Film ◽  
The Stability

Purpose Application of foam in enhanced oil recovery requires a production of foam that is strong and stable enough to withstand a long period. There are numerous factors that may affect the performance of foam, among which is temperature. Therefore, this study aims to observe the foam performance at different temperature by evaluating the foamability and the stability of the foam. Design/methodology/approach In this study, bulk foam test using FoamScan was conducted to examine the effect of temperature on foam in the presence of crude oil. Nitrogen gas was sparged through the mixture of crude oil, an in-house developed surfactant, and sodium chloride solution as the brine at different temperatures to produce foam at a certain height. The crude oil was extracted from an oilfield in East Malaysia and the in-house developed surfactant was a mixture of amphoteric and anionic surfactants. A camera continuously recorded the height of foam during the generation and the collapse of the foam. The foamability and foam stability properties of each sample were taken as the indicators for foam performance. Furthermore, the entering, spreading and bridging analysis was run to observe the effect of the presence of crude oil on foam performance. Findings In general, the higher the temperature, the less stable the foam is. As the stability of foam is associated with the rate of liquid drainage, it was observed that as temperature increases, the rate of liquid drainage also increases. On the other hand, the entering, spreading and bridging analysis shows that there is entering of oil droplet happening on the interface of foam film that may promote the rupture of the foam film even more. Originality/value It was found that the temperature has a small impact on foamability, whereas the foam stability was significantly affected by the temperature. Therefore, it can be concluded that foamability is not necessarily interrelated to foam stability, contradicting to the findings of few authors.

scholarly journals Investigation of Stability of CO2 Microbubbles—Colloidal Gas Aphrons for Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Definitive Screening Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Nam Nguyen Hai Le ◽  
Yuichi Sugai ◽  
Kyuro Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Screening Design ◽  
Stirring Rate ◽  
Definitive Screening ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Definitive Screening Design

CO2 microbubbles have recently been used in enhanced oil recovery for blocking the high permeability zone in heterogeneous reservoirs. Microbubbles are colloidal gas aphrons stabilized by thick shells of polymer and surfactant. The stability of CO2 microbubbles plays an important role in improving the performance of enhanced oil recovery. In this study, a new class of design of experiment (DOE)—definitive screening design (DSD) was employed to investigate the effect of five quantitative parameters: xanthan gum polymer concentration, sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant concentration, salinity, stirring time, and stirring rate. This is a three-level design that required only 11 experimental runs. The results suggest that DSD successfully evaluated how various parameters contribute to CO2 microbubble stability. The definitive screening design revealed a polynomial regression model has ability to estimate the main effect factor, two-factor interactions and pure-quadratic effect of factors with high determination coefficients for its smaller number of experiments compared to traditional design of experiment approach. The experimental results showed that the stability depend primarily on xanthan gum polymer concentration. It was also found that the stability of CO2 microbubbles increases at a higher sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant concentration and stirring rate, but decreases with increasing salinity. In addition, several interactions are presented to be significant including the polymer–salinity interaction, surfactant–salinity interaction and stirring rate–salinity interaction.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach to Stabilize Foam Using Fluorinated Surfactants

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kamal
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Zwitterionic Surfactant ◽  
Foam Generation ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of surfactants for enhanced oil recovery and other upstream applications is a challenging task. For enhanced oil recovery applications, a surfactant should be thermally stable, compatible with reservoir brine, and have lower adsorption on reservoir rock, have high foamability and foam stability, and should be economically viable. Foam improves the oil recovery by increasing the viscosity of the displacing fluid and by reducing the capillary forces due to a reduction in interfacial tension. In this work, foamability and foam stability of two different surfactants were evaluated using a dynamic foam analyzer. These surfactants were fluorinated zwitterionic, and hydrocarbon zwitterionic surfactants. The effect of various parameters such as surfactant type and structure, temperature, salinity, and type of injected gas was investigated on foamability and foam stability. The foamability was assessed using the volume of foam produced by injecting a constant volume of gas and foam stability was determined by half-life time. The maximum foam generation was obtained using hydrocarbon zwitterionic surfactant. However, the foam generated using fluorinated zwitterionic surfactant was more stable. A mixture of zwitterionic fluorinated and hydrocarbon fluorinated surfactant showed better foam generation and foam stability. The foam generated using CO2 has less stability compared to the foam generated using air injection. Presence of salts increases the foam stability and foam generation. At high temperature, the foamability of the surfactants increased. However, the foam stability was reduced at high temperature for all type of surfactants. This study helps in optimizing the surfactant formulations consisting of a fluorinated and hydrocarbon zwitterionic surfactant for foam injections.

Testing the Stability of Mixed CO2/N2-Foam Using New Fluorosurfactant for Enhanced Oil Recovery

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdul Qadeer Siddiqui ◽  
Rahul N. Gajbhiye ◽  
Abdullah S. Sultan ◽  
Sidqi Abu-Khamsin
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
The Stability

scholarly journals Modifikasi SLS dengan epoksida dari asam oleat dan hidrogen peroksida untuk meningkatkan kualitas surfaktan pada EOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Chitra Ria Ariska ◽  
Suryo Purwono ◽  
Bardi Murachman
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Peroxyacetic Acid ◽  
Temperature Ratio ◽  
Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ultralow Ift ◽  
Excellent Stability

SLS modification using epoxyde from oleat acid and hydrogen peroxyde to improve the quality of surfactant in EORSurfactant is one of the compounds used in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) which function is to enhance the oil production. One of the surfactants widely used is Sodium Ligno Sulfonat (SLS) due to its high degradability. However the modification with another compound is still needed in orderto decrease its Inter Facial Tension (IFT) until reach the ultralow IFT(±10-3 mN/m). One of the chemical compounds used to modify the surfactant is epoxidebecause it has reactive oxirane ring. The addition of oleic epoxide will increase solubility of surfactant in oil so it brings more stable microemulsion. Epoxidation of oleic acid was carried out with peroxyacetic acid that was generated insitu from aqueous hydrogen peroxide and glacial acetic acid. The modification of SLS was then done by adding the epoxide in various conversion resulted from epoxidation. The experiment was investigated at temperature, ratio of epoxide to SLS and reaction time of 70oC, 1:2 and 1 hour, respectively. The modified product were then measured their IFTat temperature of 30-60oC and tested the stability of microemulsion based on time of formation of microemulsion up back in its original state. The present study revealed that epoxides has capability to decrease IFT. The results of experiment shows that the lowest IFT is modification of epoxide with the conversion of 10% as 3,7 x10-3 mN/m and has most excellent stability with time 113 minutes.Keywords: epoxide, Sodium Ligno Sulfonat (SLS), microemulsion, surfactant, EOR AbstrakSurfaktan adalah salah satu bahan kimia yang digunakan dalam Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) untuk meningkatkan produksi minyak. Salah satu jenis surfaktan yang banyak digunakan adalah Sodium Ligno Sulfonat (SLS) karena mudah didegradasi limbahnya. Namun modifikasi dengan senyawa lain masih perlu dilakukan untuk menurunkan tegangan antarmuka atau Inter Facial Tension (IFT) hingga mencapai ultralow IFT (±10-3 mN/m). Salah satu bahan kimia yang dapat digunakan untuk modifikasi surfaktan adalah epoksida karena memiliki cincin oksiren yang reaktif. Penambahan epoksi oleat ini akan meningkatkan kelarutan surfaktan dalam minyak sehingga didapatkan mikroemulsi yang lebih stabil. Modifikasi SLS dibuat dengan menambahkan epoksida dengan variasi konversi yang dihasilkan dari proses epoksidasi. Percobaan dilakukan pada temperatur 70oC, rasio perbandingan epoksida:SLS adalah 1:2 dengan waktu reaksi 1 jam. IFT produk modifikasi diukur pada temperatur 30-60oC dan diuji kestabilan mikroemulsinya berdasarkan waktu pembentukan mikroemulsi sampai kembali pada keadaan semula. Dari penelitian didapatkan bahwa epoksida dapat menurunkan IFT. IFT paling rendah dihasilkan dari modifikasi epoksida dengan konversi 10%, yaitu 3,7 x10-3 mN/m dan memiliki kestabilan paling baik dengan waktu emulsi 113 menit.Kata kunci: epoksida, Sodium Ligno Sulfonat (SLS), mikroemulsi, surfaktan, EOR

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