scholarly journals The Foundation of Mirogoj as Central Cemetery of Zagreb

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Kristina Milković
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
The Public ◽  
Bourgeois Society ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Sense

The paper presents the foundation of Mirogoj in 1876 as the central cemetery of Zagreb. Since the 1850s, Zagreb had been developing as the capital of Croatia in the modern sense of the word, as a Gründerstadt. As early as the 1860s, the public was of the opinion that a central cemetery should be established outside the city limits. This idea came to fruition in the mid-1870s, in the context of urbanization and modernization of the city. The founding of Mirogoj was an expression of modernity and self-awareness of the bourgeois society, as well as the new sensibilities and aesthetics characteristic of the 19th century.

A terra dos mortos na cidade do Rio Negro: Mudanças nas práticas funerárias na cidade de Manaus e a construção do Cemitério de São José (1848-1859)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Fábio Augusto Carvalho Pedrosa
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Medical Discourses ◽  
Funeral Practices ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Até determinado período do oitocentos, vivos e mortos conviviam no mesmo espaço, mantendo relações bastante diretas. Essa relação estava a séculos arraigada no cotidiano. Os discursos higienistas e as práticas de normatização do espaço público, com a construção de cemitérios públicos e a proibição do contato tradicional com os cadáveres, distanciaram cada vez mais esses dois. Dessa forma, pretende-se analisar como se deram as mudanças nas práticas funerárias na cidade de Manaus na segunda metade do século XIX, partindo das primeiras discussões presentes no Código de Posturas Municipais de 1848. Nesse período os discursos médicos penetraram na região, sendo reforçados pelas graves epidemias que atingiram a capital entre 1855 e 1856, que culminaram na construção do Cemitério de São José (1856-59), que marcou o início de uma nova forma da população manauara relacionar-se com a morte e os mortos.Palavras-chaves: Morte, Práticas Funerárias, Cemitério.Abstract Until a certain period of the eight hundred, living and dead lived in the same space, maintaining fairly direct relations. This relationship was rooted in the centuries. The hygienist discourses and practices of standardization of the public space, with the construction of public cemeteries and the prohibition of the traditional contact with the corpses, have distanced more and more these two. In this way, the aim is to analyze the changes in funeral practices in the city of Manaus in the second half of the 19th century, starting from the first discussions in the Code of Municipal Postures of 1848. During this period medical discourses penetrated the region and were reinforced by the serious epidemics that hit the capital between 1855 and 1856, culminating in the construction of the São José Cemetery (1856-59). Keywords: Death, Funeral Practices, Cemetery.

scholarly journals Próby uobecniania tradycji w gdańskiej architekturze lat dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku

Porta Aurea ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 244-268
Author(s):  
Dominika Piluk
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Communist System ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
History Of ◽  
Great Tradition ◽  
Architectural Tradition ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Gdansk architecture of last decade of 20th century by all means tried to reconnect to the Gdansk architectural tradition, especially the glorified 19th-century German/ Gdańsk Renaissance. The essay aims to present a preliminary analysis of the phenomenon strongly present in the Gdańsk architectural discussion in the nineties: the phenomenon of reconstruction. The city’s architectural achievements of the 19th-century were reinterpreted. Moreover, not only did architects in democratic Poland have to face a new economic situation, but also the need to emphasize the departure from the visual form imposed by the communist system, which, particularly in Gdańsk, took a form of historicism. The complex history of the city, preserved in its architecture, had a huge impact on the aesthetics of buildings designed during the transformation period. Tis thorough introduction is aimed to show commitment to the great tradition of the harbour city, which often resulted in neglecting innovations and modern architectural standards, these forced by the diffcult times of the economic change, as well as the concept of the city’s identity. The article focuses on the examples of buildings erected after 1989, as well as the public opinion debate, which jointly attempted to emphasise the mythical greatness of old Gdańsk.

Museum Preserves in the Sphere of “Cultural Tourism”: Through the Example of the Cultural Preserves of Tatarstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Lyudmila S. Timofeeva ◽  
Albina R. Akhmetova ◽  
Liliya R. Galimzyanova ◽  
Roman R. Nizaev ◽  
Svetlana E. Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Business Elite ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tourist Center ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Abstract The article studies the existence experience of historical cities as centers of tourism development as in the case of Elabuga. The city of Elabuga is among the historical cities of Russia. The major role in the development of the city as a tourist center is played by the Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve. The object of the research in the article is Elabuga as a medium-size historical city. The subject of the research is the activity of the museum-reserve which contributes to the preservation and development of the historical look of Elabuga and increases its attractiveness to tourists. The tourism attractiveness of Elabuga is obtained primarily through the presence of the perfectly preserved historical center of the city with the blocks of integral buildings of the 19th century. The Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve, which emerged in 1989, is currently an object of historical and cultural heritage of federal importance. Museum-reserves with their significant territories and rich historical, cultural and natural heritage have unique resources for the implementation of large partnership projects. Such projects are not only aimed at attracting a wide range of tourists, but also stimulate interest in the reserve from the business elite, municipal and regional authorities. The most famous example is the Spasskaya Fair which revived in 2008 in Elabuga. It was held in the city since the second half of the 19th century, and was widely known throughout Russia. The process of the revival and successful development of the fair can be viewed as the creation of a special tourist event contributing to the formation of new and currently important tourism products.

Historiography of one city: colonialism, colonization, frontir. On the historiography of the history of functioning of the fortress city of the left wing of the Caucasian cordon line on the example of the history of Kizlyar in the first half of the 19th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-3) ◽  
pp. 250-258
Author(s):  
Mahomed Gasanov ◽  
Abidat Gazieva
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the analysis of the historiography of the history of the city of Kizlyar. This issue is considered in the historical context of the Eastern Caucasus. The author analyzes the three main theoretical concepts of the problem concerning Russia’s policy in the region, using the example of the city of Kizlyar in the context of historiography.

scholarly journals A humanistic gift from the Brazilian Emperor D. Pedro II (1825 - 1891) to the Brazilian nation: the first lunatic asylum in Latin America

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio E. Nardi ◽  
Adriana Cardoso Silva ◽  
Jaime E. Hallak ◽  
José A. Crippa
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Key Words ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Lunatic Asylum ◽  
Specialized Treatment ◽  
Key Words Psychiatry ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Until the beginning of the 19th century, psychiatric patients did not receive specialized treatment. The problem that was posed by the presence of psychiatric patients in the Santas Casas de Misericórdia and the social pressure from this issue culminated in a Decree of the Brazilian Emperor, D. Pedro II, on July 18, 1841. The “Lunatic Palace” was the first institution in Latin America exclusively designed for mental patients. It was built between 1842 and 1852 and is an example of neoclassical architecture in Brazil, located at Saudade Beach in the city of Rio de Janeiro. In the 1930s and 1940s, the D. Pedro II Hospital was overcrowded, and patients were gradually transferred to other hospitals. By September of 1944, all the patients had been transferred and the hospital was deactivated. Key words: psychiatry, history, madness.

THE CONSTITUTION OF MEDINA: A SOCIOLEGAL INTERPRETATION OF MUHAMMAD'S ACTS OF FOUNDATION OF THE UMMA

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saïd Amir Arjomand
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Solid Rock ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

One of the oldest extant documents in Islamic history records a set of deeds executed by Muhammad after his migration (hijra) in 622 from Mecca to Yathrib, subsequently known as “the City [madīna] of the Prophet.” Marking the beginning of the Islamic era, the document comprising the deeds has been the subject of well over a century of modern scholarship and is commonly called the “Constitution of Medina”—with some justification, although the first modern scholar who studied it at the end of the 19th century, Julius Wellhausen, more accurately described it as the “municipal charter” (Gemeindeordnung) of Medina. In 1889, Wellhausen highlighted the text's antiquity, which has been acknowledged by even the most skeptical of contemporary “source-critical” scholars, Patricia Crone, who thinks that, in Ibn Ishaq's Sira, “it sticks out like a piece of solid rock in an accumulation of rubble.”

Pinocchio e l’evoluzione

Revue Romane ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-293
Author(s):  
Margareth Hagen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Public ◽  
Continuous Evolution ◽  
Narrative Interpretation ◽  
Theories Of Evolution ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Pedagogical Literature

The first chapters of Carlo Collodi’s Pinocchio were printed in 1881, the same year as the publication of the novel I Malavoglia, Giovanni Verga’s masterpiece of verismo. While every critical reader of Verga’s realism has pointed out his particular narrative interpretation of evolution, Collodi’s has novel very seldom been connected to the theories of evolution, even if Darwin’s ideas were highly present in the public debate in Florence during the last decades of the 19th century. The reasons for this silence are primarily to be found in the genre of Pinocchio, in the fact that it is children literature, and therefore primarily related to the narrative mechanisms of the fairy tales and pedagogical literature. Focusing on Pinocchio, the article discusses to which degree Darwinism can be traced in Collodi’s literature for children, and questions if the continuous metamorphoses of Pinocchio can be read also in connection with the naturalist conception of the literary characters as unstable, in continuous evolution, and not only as part of the mechanisms of fairy tales and mythological narratives.

scholarly journals Problems of protection and restoration of historical monuments of L’viv built using Roman cement

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Mykola Bevz
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
Preservation And Restoration ◽  
The 19Th Century

In article are shown examples allow confirming that Roman cement was widely used in Lviv in the second part of the 19th century while erecting the public and residential buildings. The creating and develop a program on research, preservation and restoration of historical and architectural monuments, on which the architectural and ornamental finishing of facades was carried out with application of Roman cement is proposed.

The Public and Economic Activities of the Hִatim Family of Istanbul: A Chapter in the History of the Jewish Leadership in Istanbul and Jerusalem in the 19th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-127
Author(s):  
Leah Bornstein-Makovetsky
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Elite ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article discusses the biographies and economic and public activities of the Ḥatim family in Istanbul in the late 18th century and throughout the 19th century. Most of the attention is focused on R. Shlomo Ḥatim and his son Yitsḥak, who were members of the Jewish elite in Istanbul and settled in Jerusalem at the ends of their lives. R. Shlomo, who is said to have served the Ottoman authorities in Istanbul, settled in Jerusalem more than ten years before the leaders of the Jewish economic elite in Istanbul were executed in the 1820s. His son, surviving this purge, followed much later, immigrating to Israel in 1846, but died immediately thereafter. This article provides insights into the business activities of the Ḥatim family, as well as the activities of Yitsḥak Ḥatim as an Ottoman official in Istanbul. I also discuss two more generations of this family, considered an elite, privileged one, and that was highly esteemed among well-known rabbis in the Ottoman Empire. I also discuss the ties that developed between the communities of Istanbul and Jerusalem in the first half of the 19th century as a result of initiatives of officials in Istanbul and of immigration from Istanbul to Jerusalem.

scholarly journals Lumumba’s Bike

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Piet Defraeye
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Free State ◽  
Street Art ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Visual Artist ◽  
Congo Free State ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City ◽  
Local Narratives

Sven Augustijnen is a Belgian film maker and visual artist. In 2012 he contributed a piece called AWB 082-3317 7922 to the Track exhibition in the city of Gent (Belgium). Track invited artists to provide art installations that were site-specific, and engaged with local narratives, history, and situations. Augustijnen had an old bike chain-locked against a park tree, with a bunch of charcoal on its baggage rack; it stood in the vicinity of the so-called “Moorken” monument, a memorial for the heroic adventures of the brothers Van de Velde in Congo Free State, erected in Gent’s prominent Citadelpark at the end of the 19th century. The idea of AWB 082-3317 7922 came about during the shooting of his film Spectres (2011), in which Augustijnen goes in search for the location of Patrice Lumumba’s assassination in Katanga, Congo, in January 1961. While the theme of the bike installation is the (only partially resolved) murder of Patrice Lumumba, first Prime Minister of the newly independent Congo, the piece spawns a spatial and historical cartography of events and developments within the park landscape as well as the greater urban, and global scope. It is the kind of street art that needs its environment for any chance of meaning, which derive from the contiguities it allows and creates.

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