scholarly journals An Estimation of Technical Efficiency of Tea Smallholdings in Ratnapura District of Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4(S)) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sandunika Jayakody ◽  
Sajitha Dishanka
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Technical Inefficiency ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Tea Plants

While accepting the fact that the tea smallholdings sector of Sri Lanka immensely contribute to the annual tea output of the economy, the sector still faces various deficiencies due to problems pertaining to input related issues. Measuring the level of efficiency and identifying the factors which are attributed to inefficiency are in utmost importance in introducing remedies for that. A cross sectional survey was conducted on a sample of tea smallholders in Ratnapura district where highest contribution to the total tea production of the country is made. In this study, the Cobb-Douglas Stochastic production frontier model was used by incorporating the technical inefficiency effect model to estimate the level of technical efficiency in tea smallholdings sector. The study revealed that average technical efficiency of tea smallholdings sector in the study area was 87.36 percent that keeps a margin of 12.64 percent for further improvements through better use of available resources and technology. The results of the Cobb-Douglas model revealed that the estimated coefficients of land, labor and fertilizer are positively and significantly affect the green leaves production of the sector. The findings of the inefficiency model disclosed that age, farming experience, level of education, occupation, age of tea plants, farming group membership and credit access have significant negative impact on technical inefficiency

scholarly journals Impact of information communication technology (ICT) and mass media usage on technical efficiency of fish farming in Ogun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Folasade Olukemi Oke ◽  
Gaius Olorunsogo ◽  
Dare Akerele
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
The Impact

The role of information in agricultural development cannot be overemphasized, as information is vital in increasing production, improving marketing and enhancing distribution strategies. Therefore, the study examined the impact of information communication technologies on the technical efficiency of fish farming in Ogun State, Nigeria using a stochastic production frontier approach. In a cross-sectional survey, a multi-stage sampling technique was employed to elicit primary information from 120 fish farmers. Major ICT sources used by the fish farmers include television (81.7%), radio (79.2%) and the Internet (68.3%). The average output of catfish has positive and significant elasticity with regards to each input variable except family labour. The inefficiency model revealed that the age of farmers, farming experience, television and radio usage were significant but negatively related. That means that any increase in any of these factors will reduce the inefficiency of fish farmers and bring about an increase in technical efficiency. This implies that it is possible to increase technical efficiency in fish farming in the study area provided that the media channel (radio and television) predominantly used is improved. This study recommends a reduction in family labour usage while at the same time encouraging young people to venture into fish farming.

scholarly journals Workability in the Ageing Workforce—A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12656
Author(s):  
Niels-Peter Brøchner Nygaard ◽  
Gert Frank Thomsen ◽  
Jesper Rasmussen ◽  
Lars Rauff Skadhauge ◽  
Bibi Gram
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Ergonomic Exposure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ergonomic Exposures

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of age, musculoskeletal pain and ergonomic exposure on workability in the oldest group of workers. Methods: The study was a population based cross-sectional survey. The study population comprised citizens born between 1952–1966, living in Esbjerg municipality ultimo 2016 (n = 23,463). A questionnaire was sent electronically or by mail. The analysis included the working population only. A stereotype logistic regression was used with the primary dependent variable being workability and independent variables included age, musculoskeletal pain, and ergonomic exposure. Results: The response rate was 58% and the data demonstrated a significant negative association between age and workability. With excellent workability as a reference, the odds for poor workability increased by 97% being 60+ y compared to 50–55 y. Both moderate intensity and severe musculoskeletal pain in the back, shoulder and knee/hip all showed significantly higher odds for poor workability. Ergonomic exposures, such as standing/walking, working with back bent or twisted and carrying or lifting had a significant negative impact on workability. Conclusion: Age, musculoskeletal pain and ergonomic exposures showed a significant negative impact on workability in the oldest group of workers and should be targeted with preventive initiatives.

scholarly journals Stochastic Meta Frontier Analysis of Smallholder Rice Farmers’ Technical Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korotoumou Mariko ◽  
Moussa Macalou ◽  
Li Xiangmei ◽  
Eunice Matafwali ◽  
John-Philippe Essiagnon Alavo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Technical Inefficiency ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study is to compare the technical efficiency of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and Conventional Rice Production System (CRPS) farmers in Mali. Using cross-sectional data for 208 randomly selected rice farmers, the Stochastic Meta Frontier model is applied. The results indicate that the mean technical efficiency is 0.96 and 0.79 for SRI and CRPS respectively. This implies that SRI farmers were more technically efficiency than their counterpart. Similarly, the mean technology gap ratio was 0.98 and 0.91 for SRI and CRPS farmers, respectively. We also find that rice paddy production (SRI) was positively influenced by labor and negatively by organic manure while rice paddy production (CRPS) was positively linked with inorganic fertilizer and land. Further investigation reveals that family labor and flooding level increased the technical inefficiency for SRI adopters whereas education had a negative impact. For the CRSP farmers, the current factors were unable to account for technical inefficiency except age of farm household head. Our study finds strong cause to encourage SRI adoption as it could be the highly searched for solution for farmers to increase their yields and eventually enhance their food security status.

scholarly journals Technical Efficiency of Barley Production: The Case of Smallholde Farmers in Meket District, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Wollie
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Barley Seed ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Technical Inefficiency ◽  
Regional State ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
Stage Estimation

This study analyzed the technical efficiency of barley production by smallholder farmers in Meket district, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. A cross sectional data from a sample of 123 barley producers during the 2016/17 production season was collected by applying two stage random sampling. To address the objective of the study, both descriptive statistics and econometric models were used to analyze the data.  The trans-log functional form of the production function simultaneously with single stage estimation approach was used to estimate the production of barley output and technical inefficiency factors. The estimated stochastic production frontier model indicated that input variables such as fertilizer, human labor and oxen power were the significant variables to increase the quantity of barley output while, barley seed had a negative effect. The estimated mean levels of technical efficiency of the sample farmers were about 70.9% which revealed that, presence of a room to increase their technical efficiency level on average by 29.1% with the existing resources. The discrepancy ratio gamma indicated that 63% of the total variation from the frontier comes due to technical inefficiency while, the remaining 37% comes due to factors outside the control of farmers. Among the hypothesized factors that affect technical inefficiency; education level, extension contact and number of barley plots significantly and negatively affected technical inefficiency score. Besides, practice of crop rotation, distance of residence from the nearest main market, total expenditure and soil fertility was found to have a positive and significant effect. Hence, emphasis should be given to decrease the inefficiency level of those more inefficient farm households via experience sharing among the farmers and usage of improved or certified barley seed. Besides to this, policies and strategies of the government should be directed towards increasing farmers’ education, improve the system of input distributions and institutional facilities.

scholarly journals Technical Efficiency of Barley Production: The Case of Smallholde Farmers in Meket District, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Wollie
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Barley Seed ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Technical Inefficiency ◽  
Regional State ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
Stage Estimation

This study analyzed the technical efficiency of barley production by smallholder farmers in Meket district, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. A cross sectional data from a sample of 123 barley producers during the 2016/17 production season was collected by applying two stage random sampling. To address the objective of the study, both descriptive statistics and econometric models were used to analyze the data.  The trans-log functional form of the production function simultaneously with single stage estimation approach was used to estimate the production of barley output and technical inefficiency factors. The estimated stochastic production frontier model indicated that input variables such as fertilizer, human labor and oxen power were the significant variables to increase the quantity of barley output while, barley seed had a negative effect. The estimated mean levels of technical efficiency of the sample farmers were about 70.9% which revealed that, presence of a room to increase their technical efficiency level on average by 29.1% with the existing resources. The discrepancy ratio gamma indicated that 63% of the total variation from the frontier comes due to technical inefficiency while, the remaining 37% comes due to factors outside the control of farmers. Among the hypothesized factors that affect technical inefficiency; education level, extension contact and number of barley plots significantly and negatively affected technical inefficiency score. Besides, practice of crop rotation, distance of residence from the nearest main market, total expenditure and soil fertility was found to have a positive and significant effect. Hence, emphasis should be given to decrease the inefficiency level of those more inefficient farm households via experience sharing among the farmers and usage of improved or certified barley seed. Besides to this, policies and strategies of the government should be directed towards increasing farmers’ education, improve the system of input distributions and institutional facilities.

scholarly journals Risk Factors, Pattern and Outcome of Motorcycle-associated Head Injury in Sokoto: An Analysis of 184 Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Olayere Obanife ◽  
Nasiru Jinjiri Ismail ◽  
Ali Lasseini ◽  
Bello B. Shehu ◽  
Ega J. Otorkpa
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Significant Negative Impact

Abstract Background Road traffic accident (RTA) is the eighth leading cause of death worldwide. Motorcycle-associated head injury is the leading cause of road traffic associated morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Even though the incidence and mortality of head injury from motor cycle crash is on the increase in developing countries, especially in the African continent, most of the studies published in the literature on this subject matter took place in the developed Western countries. Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of data from patients managed in our institution between December 2014 and November 2016. Results One hundred and eighty-four patients were analyzed. None of the patients used safety helmet for protection. The mean age was 27.6 ± 17.2 years with male female ratio of 6.7:1. Lone crash by cyclists and collisions accounted for 66.8% and 33.1% of the cases, respectively. Passengers and riders comprised 75% of the patients, while 25% were vulnerable pedestrians. The most frequently abused substance by the patients was tramadol (65.52%). Severe head injury and pupillary abnormality were found in 23.9% and 45.5% of the patients, respectively. Cranial CT scan showed abnormalities in 40.2% of the patients. Surgery was done in 28.3% of the patients with mortality rate of 20.7%. Conclusions The use of motorcycle as a mean of transportation has caused significant negative impact on the society. Young people, who constitute the workforce, are majorly affected, and this invariably leads to a serious economic burden on the concerned families and communities.

scholarly journals Oxidative status in the β-thalassemia syndromes in Sri Lanka; a cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Allen ◽  
Shiromi Perera ◽  
Sachith Mettananda ◽  
Rexan Rodrigo ◽  
Lakshman Perera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Quality of Life in People Living With HIV: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Survey in Belgium

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-264
Author(s):  
Gert Scheerder ◽  
Sandra Van den Eynde ◽  
Patrick Reyntiens ◽  
Ria Koeck ◽  
Jessika Deblonde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

This cross-sectional survey explored the quality of life in 505 people living with HIV in Belgium. Several domains of quality of life were impaired: 26% had been diagnosed with depression and 43% had weak social support. HIV-related stigma is still widespread, with 49% believing most people with HIV are rejected and 65% having experienced discrimination due to HIV. The impact of HIV was limited on professional life, but 40% experienced a negative impact on life satisfaction and 41% a negative impact on sexual life. For several domains, people with a recent diagnosis of HIV and long-term survivors had significantly worse scores. This survey also uncovered strengths of people living with HIV, such as positive coping and HIV self-image. Expanding the scope of quality of life in people living with HIV may provide a more complete picture of relevant life domains that may be impacted by living with HIV, but this needs further validation.

scholarly journals The Determinants of Capital Structure Choice: Evidence from Bangladeshi FMCG Companies

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-106
Author(s):  
Kh Khaled Kalam ◽  
An-Nisha Khatoon
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Secondary Market ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Total Asset ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leverage Ratio ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Structure Choice

This paper offers empirical proof of Bangladesh's theories of capital markets and analyses the effects of the failure to introduce a secondary capital market in relation to Bangladesh. The findings from the cross-sectional OLS regression demonstrate that both the static deal theory and the cost theory of the organisation are applicable to the capital structure of the Bangladesh Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) companies. The lack of a secondary market will affect the costs of an entity because shareholders unable to decommission their shares may place pressure on management to behave in their best interests. We analyse in this paper, using a sample of 5 Bangladeshi FMCG companies for the period from 2014 to 2019, the determinants of Bangladesh's Debt to Total Asset. This study reveals that Bangladesh's listed Food and Allied company's average leverage ratio is close to that of other countries in the growth of the economy. The study also shows that the Company's Profitability is strongly and positively linked to the asset structure, Size, Profitability, growth and business risks. A firm's Size has a statistically significant negative impact on Debt to Total Asset.

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