scholarly journals LEVANTAMENTO DA OCORRÊNCIA DE TRIATOMÍNEOS EM ÁREA PERIURBANA NA CIDADE DE PORTO VELHO – RO

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Paulo de Tarso Nunes Silva da Costa Júnior ◽  
Alda E. F. Lobato da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Medical Entomology ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The City ◽  
Rhodnius Robustus ◽  
Porto Velho

Os triatomíneos, popularmente conhecido como barbeiro, sendo tal o agente transmissor da doença de Chagas no Brasil e nas Américas. Em Porto Velho, município de Rondônia, ainda não se tem estudos de notificações que venha divulgar números de casos da doença de Chagas notificado. O objetivo do estudo foi realizar um levantamento da ocorrência do vetor da doença de Chagas em uma área periurbana da cidade Porto Velho, no bairro Ronaldo Aragão, na linha Progresso. Esta localidade foi selecionada por constante ocorrência do inseto vetor, os quais após coletados por moradores do domicilio foram enviados ao laboratório de entomologia do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses e posteriormente ao LACEN-RO. As coletas entomológicas tiveram duas etapas, em campo e em laboratório, a análise do material coletado foi no laboratório de entomologia médica no LACEN-RO. Os resultados obtidos das 16 coletas, através de busca ativa, com nenhum registro do vetor da Chagas. Mas das buscas passivas, obteve-se um total de 14 exemplares de triatomíneos, das quais houve prevalência da espécie Rhodnius robustus e apenas 01 exemplar de Rhodnius pictipes, e dentre estes, um triatomíneo estava positivo com Trypanosoma cruzi. Sugerimos novas coletas entomológicas, objetivando um maior numero de exemplares de triatomíneos, tanto na área deste estudo, como em outras localidades neste município e outros ecótopos, e ainda realizar o isolamento das amostras de Trypanosoma cruzi para fins da possibilidade da realização de testes moleculares.ABSTRAT The triatomíneos, popularly are known as barber, being such the transmitter agent of the Chagas disease in Brazil and in the Americas. In Porto Velho, city of Rondonia, there are not studies of notifications that come to divulge numbers of cases of chagas notified. The objective of the study was to do a survey of the occurrence for Chagas’ disease vector in the suburbs of the city of Porto Velho, in the Ronaldo Aragao, neighborhood ,in the line Progress. This locality was selected by constant occurrence of the insect vector, which after collected for inhabitants of the home are sent to the laboratory of entomology of the Control Center of Zoonoses and later to the LACEN-RO. The entomologicals collections had two stages, in field and in laboratory, the analysis of the collected material was in the laboratory of medical entomology in the LACEN-RO. The obtained results of the 16 collections, through passive searches, it was obtained a total of 14 types of of triatomíneos , of which had prevalence of the Rhodnius robustus species and only 01 type of Rhodnius pictipes, and among these, a triatomíneo was positive with Trypanosoma cruzi. We suggested new entomologicals collections, objectifying a larger number of triatomíneos types, so much in the area of this study, as in other localities in this city and other environments, and still to do through the isolation of the samples of Trypanosoma cruzi for ends of the possibility of accomplishment of molecular tests.

scholarly journals The epidemiologic profile and prevalence of cardiopathy in Trypanosoma cruzi infected blood donor candidates, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divina Seila de Oliveira-Marques ◽  
Ana Maria Bonametti ◽  
Tiemi Matsuo ◽  
Francisco Gregori Junior
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Blood Donor ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Family Income ◽  
State University ◽  
Cardiac Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Epidemiologic Profile ◽  
The City

To describe the epidemiologic profile and prevalence of cardiopathy in 163 Trypanosoma cruzi serum positive blood donor candidates, a descriptive study was carried out between August, 1996 and November, 1997 at the Londrina State University Chagas Disease Outpatient Clinic. The profile found was: young, average age 42.95 ± 8.62 years; male (65%); Caucasian (84%); low level of schooling; low family income; agricultural worker (26%); born in the state of Paraná (67%); from rural areas (85%); migrated to the city (85%); and the vector as the main mechanism of transmission. During the clinical characterization a chronic cardiac form was found in 38% of the patients and classified as cardiac suggestive form in 21% and little suggestive of Chagas disease in 17%. No significant difference was found among age group distribution, sex and the presence of cardiac symptoms in patients with or without cardiopathy. This study emphasizes the importance of expanding medical services to areas with a greater prevalence of infected individuals, in a hierarchical manner and aiming at decentralization.

scholarly journals Dispersal patterns of Trypanosoma cruzi in Arequipa, Peru

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S.F. Berry ◽  
Renzo Salazar-Sánchez ◽  
Ricardo Castillo-Neyra ◽  
Katty Borrini-Mayorí ◽  
Claudia Arevalo-Nieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Population Genomic ◽  
The City

AbstractAnthropogenic environmental alterations such as urbanization can threaten native populations as well as create novel environments that allow human pests and pathogens to thrive. As the number and size of urban environments increase globally, it is more important than ever to understand the dispersal dynamics of hosts, vectors and pathogens of zoonotic disease systems. For example, a protozoan parasite and the causative agent of Chagas disease in humans, Trypanosoma cruzi, recently colonized and spread through the city of Arequipa, Peru. We used population genomic and phylogenomic tools to analyze whole genomes of 123 T. cruzi isolates collected throughout Arequipa to determine patterns of T. cruzi dispersal. The data show significant population genetic structure within city blocks-parasites in the same block tend to be very closely related - but no population structure among blocks within districts - parasites in neighboring blocks are no more closely related to one another than to parasites in distant districts. These data suggest that T. cruzi dispersal within a block occurs regularly and that occasional long-range dispersal events allow the establishment of new T. cruzi populations in distant blocks. Movement of domestic animals may be the primary mechanism of inter-block and inter-district T. cruzi dispersal.Author SummaryUrbanization creates environments that are ideal for some human pests and pathogens. As the number and size of urban environments increases globally, it is becoming vital to understand how human disease-causing pathogens, their vectors, and their non-human hosts disperse through urban landscapes. Here we study a population of Trypanosoma cruzi – the protozoan parasite and causative agent of Chagas disease in humans – that recently colonized the city of Arequipa, Peru. We use population genomic and phylogenomic tools to understand how this parasite population dispersed through the city to achieve its current distribution and abundance. We show that T. cruzi collected from the same city block tend to be very closely related, while those from neighboring blocks are often as distantly related as those from blocks in distant districts. The data suggest that vectors facilitate frequent within-block dispersal of the parasite, while domestic animal movement may facilitate the relatively infrequent inter-block and interdistrict dispersal.

Kindling, Logs, and Coals: The Dynamics of Trypanosoma cruzi, the Etiological Agent of Chagas Disease in Arequipa, Peru

2020 ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
Michael Z. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Triatomine Insects

The forces that lead to the emergence of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, are often distinct from those that maintain its transmission, and these are distinct again from those that allow the parasite to persist over decades. Just as kindling, logs, and coals all play discrete roles in the growth of a fire, a myriad of mammalian hosts contribute differently to epidemics of Trypanosoma. cruzi. Chagas disease affects millions of people in the Americas, and, through migration, thousands more on other continents. The agent of the disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, is a slender, highly-motile, unicellular parasite. T. cruzi does not migrate to the salivary glands of its insect vector–the blood-sucking triatomine insects–as many other vector-borne parasites do.

scholarly journals Potential use of WR6026 as prophylaxis against transfusion-transmitted American trypanosomiasis.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Chiari ◽  
A B Oliveira ◽  
M A Prado ◽  
R J Alves ◽  
L M Galvão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Gentian Violet ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Special Relevance ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Chemical Prophylaxis

Since transmission of Chagas' disease by the insect vector is under control in Brazil, transmission by blood transfusion is acquiring special relevance in areas where the disease is endemic and also in countries whose populations are free of infection but that are receiving immigrants from areas where the disease is endemic. Gentian violet, a phenylmethane dye, was the first agent used for the chemical prophylaxis of blood destined for transfusion. A concentration of 0.6 mmol of this dye per liter is effective at eliminating trypomastigotes from blood after 24 h of incubation at 4 degrees C. It is the only effective trypanosomicidal agent available. In the search of alternate compounds, we examined a number of synthetic compounds. They were screened for their activities against blood trypomastigotes of the Y, CL, and B229 strains of Trypanosoma cruzi by using two or more dilutions of each compound. We found that compound Q45, a 6-methoxy-8(diethylaminohexylamino)lepidine dihydrochloride, was highly effective at clearing parasites from infected blood. Doses of 65 and 130 micrograms of this compound eliminated trypomastigotes from blood experimentally contaminated with T. cruzi parasites. These results indicate that Q45 is remarkably active against circulating trypomastigotes. Further studies evaluating Q45 as a prophylactic agent for preventing the transmission of T. cruzi by blood transfusion are of interest.

scholarly journals Insecticidal efficacy of fluralaner (Bravecto®) against Triatoma brasiliensis, a major vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamyres Bernadete Dantas Queiroga ◽  
Luanderson Cardoso Pereira Gomez ◽  
Eduardo Rodrigues de Sena ◽  
Wilo Victor dos Santos ◽  
Henrique Rafael Pontes Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vector Transmission ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy

Abstract Background Triatomines are responsible for the vector transmission of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas disease. Triatoma brasiliensis is the main vector of the parasite in Brazil, and dogs are an important reservoir of the parasite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of fluralaner (Bravecto®) on T. brasiliensis after a blood meal in treated dogs. Methods Healthy mongrel dogs (n = 8) were recruited from the Zoonoses Control Center (ZCC) in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and randomized into two groups, a fluralaner (Bravecto®)-treated group (n = 4) and a control group (n = 4). Colony-reared third-, fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs of T. brasiliensis nymphs (n = 10) were allowed to feed on dogs from both groups for 30–40 min, once monthly, for up to 12 months. Bug mortality was observed up to 5 days after each blood meal. Results Mortality in triatomines which had a blood meal on fluralaner (Bravecto®)-treated dogs was 100% for up to 7 months after treatment, with mortality decreasing to 66.4% after 8 months, 57% after 9 months, 35% after 10 months, 10% after 11 months and 0% after 12 months. The mortality of triatomines that fed on non-treated control dogs was always ≤ 2.5%. Conclusions Our results suggest that fluralaner (Bravecto®) treatment of dogs induces long-term mortality of T. brasiliensis after the blood meal. This is a potential approach to be used to control vector transmission of T. cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, especially in endemic areas. Graphical Abstract

Colonization of Rhodnius prolixus gut by Trypanosoma cruzi involves an extensive parasite killing

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERTA CARVALHO FERREIRA ◽  
RAFAEL LUIS KESSLER ◽  
MARCELO GUSTAVO LORENZO ◽  
RAFAELA MAGALHÃES MACEDO PAIM ◽  
LUCIANA DE LIMA FERREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Posterior Midgut ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Anterior Midgut

SUMMARYTrypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, is ingested by triatomines during their bloodmeal on an infected mammal. Aiming to investigate the development and differentiation of T. cruzi inside the intestinal tract of Rhodnius prolixus at the beginning of infection we fed insects with cultured epimastigotes and blood trypomastigotes from infected mice to determine the amount of recovered parasites after ingestion. Approximately 20% of the ingested parasites was found in the insect anterior midgut (AM) 3 h after feeding. Interestingly, a significant reduction (80%) in the numbers of trypomastigotes was observed after 24 h of infection suggesting that parasites were killed in the AM. Moreover, few parasites were found in that intestinal portion after 96 h of infection. The evaluation of the numbers of parasites in the posterior midgut (PM) at the same periods showed a reduced parasite load, indicating that parasites were not moving from the AM. Additionally, incubation of blood trypomastigotes with extracts from R. prolixus AMs revealed that components of this tissue could induce significant death of T. cruzi. Finally, we observed that differentiation from trypomastigotes to epimastigotes is not completed in the AM; instead we suggest that trypomastigotes change to intermediary forms before their migration to the PM, where differentiation to epimastigotes takes place. The present work clarifies controversial points concerning T. cruzi development in insect vector, showing that parasite suffers a drastic decrease in population size before epimastigonesis accomplishment in PM.

scholarly journals Natural Infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in a Dog from Bahia State - Northeast of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaíque Pires Moura da Silva ◽  
Valquíria Tatiele Da Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Gilmar José da Silva Ribeiro Junior ◽  
Ianei De Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Deusdete Conceição Gomes Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
The State ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
The West ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Trypomastigote Form ◽  
The City

Background: Chagas Disease (CD) is a parasitic anthropozoonosis caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), a protozoan transmitted by insects from the Reduviidae family. Several species of wild and domestic animals, humans included, are susceptible, developing acute clinical signals (myocarditis and cardiac arrhythmias) or chronic signals (drop on the performance and syncope) of the disease. In Brazil, the disease in dogs shows variable indexes of occurrence. The present paper describes the natural infection by T. cruzi in a canine living in the city of Barra, in the state of Bahia, Brazil, a region classified as high risk of vulnerability for the CD in the northeast of Brazil.Case: A 9-year-old male dog, non-specific breed, was referred to the clinic the Veterinary Clinic for Small Animals, at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital), at the Federal University of the West of Bahia. Its owner reported the presence of bloody secretion in the penile region. During the physical exam it was possible to observe an increase in the volume of the penis base. All of the animal’s physiological parameters were within normal levels. Blood samples and cytological laminas from the lesioned area were collected and sent to the Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology in the same institution. The cytological exam showed monomorphic population of great round cells with a round nucleus, condensed chromatin and one to two prominent nucleolus, abundant and slightly basophilic cytoplasm, with multiple stippled vacuoles, thus confirming a Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) case. With the blood exam one observed a thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia with a deviation on the left and the presence of a trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma sp. in the blood smears. A complete blood sample was sent to the Laboratory of Pathology and Molecular Biology from the Fiocruz-BA (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in the State of Bahia), being identified by the PCR technique, T. cruzi.Discussion: During the complete blood count, specifically using the blood smear, the microscopic visualization of the trypomastigote form of the Trypanosoma sp., a hemoparasite of filiform aspect, with undulating membrane over the whole body and free flagellum, confirming a case of trypanosomiasis. Such diagnostics had not been considered up to this moment, as the animal did not present any clinic symptomatology that indicated the pathological condition. The high levels of parasitemia presented by the animal, confirmed by the presence of the protozoan in the blood smear, probably indicate the acute phase of the infection, period in which the multiplication and development of the agent is higher, consequently allowing the visualization of the hemoparasite in the lamina. Although the TVT had proved to be the main derogatory factor of sanity and wellbeing of the animal, one calls the attention in this case for the trypanosomiasis, a zoonosis that causes great risk to the sole health, highlighting that the canine species is taken as an important reservoir of T. cruzi, relevant for the maintenance and interaction among the domestic and wild cycles of the Chagas Disease. This is the first report of a canine naturally infected by T. cruzi in the west Region of the State of Bahia. It is, thus, important to emphasize its significance once dogs can be reservoirs of the protozoan, acting in their life cycle and epidemiological chain of the Chagas Disease, enabling the infection of triatomines and humans. Future studies should be done with the purpose of determining the predominance of the agent in the region of the city of Barra, in the State of Bahia.

scholarly journals Immature Instars of Three Species of Rhodnius (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae): Morphological and Morphometric Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Lázari Cacini ◽  
Jader de Oliveira ◽  
Tiago Belintani ◽  
Éder dos Santos Souza ◽  
Nicoly Olaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Trypanosoma Rangeli ◽  
Rhodnius Robustus

Abstract Background: Among the 18 genera of the Triatominae subfamily, three stand out for their diversity and epidemiological importance: Triatoma, Panstrongylus, and Rhodnius. The genus Rhodnius includes 21 species that can transmit Trypanosoma cruzi (the etiological agent of Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis) and Trypanosoma rangeli. The Rhodnius prolixus complex comprises seven species, including Rhodnius marabaensis, Rhodnius prolixus, and Rhodnius robustus, which occur in Northern region of Brazil. Since both adults and immatures can carry T. cruzi, in this study the five nymphal instars of the three species mentioned were dorsally characterized. Methods: By means of light microscopy, morphometrics and geometric morphometrics, the present work measures and describes the morphological characters of the five nymphal instars of Rhodnius marabaensis, Rhodnius prolixus, and Rhodnius robustus. Results: The study allowed the characterization of all the five nymphal instars, as well as the distinction between the three species in each of their instars. Conclusions: The morphological, morphometrics of the head, thorax, and abdomen and geometric morphometrics studies of the head enabled the specific distinction of these three species in all the five instars.

Perfil da Linguagem em Pacientes com Acidente Vascular Encefálico Atendidos pelo Serviço Assistencial Domiciliar Multidisciplinar em Porto Velho – Rondônia

REVISTA FIMCA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Amanda Leite Silva Cabral ◽  
Flávia Peres Lima ◽  
Jéssica Iara Costa Bessa Paraguassú
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Oral Language ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Year ◽  
The City ◽  
Porto Velho

Introdução: A afasia é uma das sequelas mais importantes que ocorrem após lesão cerebral de acidente vascular encefálico (AVE). Objetivos: Identificar o perfil da linguagem oral de pacientes com AVE, atendidos pelo Serviço Assistencial Multidisciplinar Domiciliar (SAMD) na cidade de Porto Velho – RO. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e quantitativo, realizado na residência dos pacientes que estavam sendo atendidos pelo SAMD. Onde foi utilizado o protocolo de Teste de Reabilitação das Afasias composto inicialmente de um questionário que foi aplicados com os familiares dos pacientes para coletar dados quanto ao AVE e os Testes de Comunicação Oral para avaliar dos pacientes. Resultados: Foram avaliados 11 sujeitos com AVE e oito sujeitos apresentaram afasia emissiva do tipo Broca (100%) com presença de agramatismo e anomia (87,5%), e déficit na organização da comunicação e na memória (100%). Referente à etiologia do AVE, verificou-se que 62,5% dos sujeitos apresentaram etiologia decorrente de hipertensão, com tempo de sequelas com tempo entre um ano menos e a três anos (37,5%). Todos os sujeitos (100%) eram muito falantes antes do AVE, porem 50% continuaram muito falantes após o AVE e os outros 50% se tornaram pouco falantes. Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciam que a maioria dos sujeitos apresentaram afasia emissiva do tipo Broca, em decorrência de Acidente Vascular Encefálico Isquêmico tendo como fator etiológico a hipertensão. Desencadeando alterações de linguagem como anomia e agramatismo, afetando ainda suas habilidades de comunicação como a memória e a organização da linguagem. Introduction: Aphasia is one of the most important sequels that occur after brain injury from stroke. Objectives: To identify the oral language profile of patients with stroke, assisted by the Multidisciplinary Home Care Service (SAMD) in the city of Porto Velho - RO. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and quantitative study carried out at the residence of the patients who were being treated by the SAMD. Where the Aphasia Rehabilitation Test protocol was used, composed initially of a questionnaire that was applied with the relatives of the patients to collect data regarding the AVE and the Oral Communication Tests to evaluate the patients. Results: Eleven subjects with EVA were evaluated, and eight subjects presented Embryonic Emphasis of Broca type (100%) with presence of agramatism and anomia (87.5%), and deficits in the organization of communication and memory (100%). Regarding the etiology of the AVE, 62.5% of the subjects presented etiology due to hypertension, with sequelae time between one year less and three years (37.5%). All subjects (100%) were very talented before the AVE, but 50% remained very talented after the AVE and the other 50% became less talkative. Conclusion: The results show that most of the subjects presented Embryonic Emphasis of the Broca type, due to Ischemic Stroke, having as etiologic factor hypertension. Unleashing language changes such as anomie and agramatism, still affecting his communication skills as memory and the organization of language.

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