scholarly journals Undefined lands: A review of their role as an underexplored resource of landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Maryam Naghibi ◽  
Mohsen Faizi ◽  
Ahmad Ekhlassi
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vacant Land ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Landscape Research ◽  
Definition Of

Landscape areas have spatial discontinuities, such as vacant land and leftover spaces. Undefined lands present a compelling area for landscape research, aesthetical experience, and development of cities which discuss irregular and unexpected aspects in landscape settings. Having lacked a formal definition of undefined land, this study aims at proposing keywords of undefined lands, a comprehensive review of knowledge, and definition. In order to promote new aspects of such spaces in the future research, the study conducts a systematic analysis of 65 peer-reviewed papers for their temporal trends, locations, methods, key authors, and commonly studied aspects. Results show the production of vacancy and the temporary use of undefined lands as an opportunity, and a flexible method of regeneration. An increase in publications over the past 30 years demonstrates that leftover space is an evolving subject. Although socio-ecological aspects are the most effective, serious gaps are mentioned in the literature considering aesthetical and ecological qualities in leftover spaces formed by visual, sensorial (hearing, touch, smell, taste), and cognitive perception. These gaps in the literature suggest that it is important to understand the potential effects of repurposing citizen's ideas about interventions in which to use leftover spaces. Having identified the knowledge gaps, undefined lands are suggested as a significant sub-discipline in landscape research.

scholarly journals Undefined lands: A review of their role as an underexplored resource of landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Maryam Naghibi ◽  
Mohsen Faizi ◽  
Ahmad Ekhlassi
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vacant Land ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Landscape Research ◽  
Definition Of

Landscape areas have spatial discontinuities, such as vacant land and leftover spaces. Undefined lands present a compelling area for landscape research, aesthetical experience, and development of cities which discuss irregular and unexpected aspects in landscape settings. Having lacked a formal definition of undefined land, this study aims at proposing keywords of undefined lands, a comprehensive review of knowledge, and definition. In order to promote new aspects of such spaces in the future research, the study conducts a systematic analysis of 65 peer-reviewed papers for their temporal trends, locations, methods, key authors, and commonly studied aspects. Results show the production of vacancy and the temporary use of undefined lands as an opportunity, and a flexible method of regeneration. An increase in publications over the past 30 years demonstrates that leftover space is an evolving subject. Although socio-ecological aspects are the most effective, serious gaps are mentioned in the literature considering aesthetical and ecological qualities in leftover spaces formed by visual, sensorial (hearing, touch, smell, taste), and cognitive perception. These gaps in the literature suggest that it is important to understand the potential effects of repurposing citizen's ideas about interventions in which to use leftover spaces. Having identified the knowledge gaps, undefined lands are suggested as a significant sub-discipline in landscape research.

Implicit? What Do You Mean? A Comprehensive Review of the Delusive Implicitness Construct in Attitude Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Corneille ◽  
Mandy Hütter
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Past ◽  
Attitude Research ◽  
Two Hybrid

This article provides a comprehensive review of divergent conceptualizations of the “implicit” construct that have emerged in attitude research over the past two decades. In doing so, our goal is to raise awareness of the harmful consequences of conceptual ambiguities associated with this terminology. We identify three main conceptualizations of the “implicitness” construct: the procedural conceptualization (implicit-as-indirect), the functional conceptualization (implicit-as-automatic), and the mental theory conceptualization (implicit-as-associative), as well as two hybrid conceptualizations (implicit-as-indirect-and-automatic, implicit-as-driven-by-affective-gut-reactions). We discuss critical limitations associated with each conceptualization and explain that confusion also arises from their coexistence. We recommend discontinuing the usage of the “implicit” terminology in attitude research and research inspired by it. We offer terminological alternatives aimed at increasing both the precision of theorization and the practical value of future research.

Multiple dichotomies of the Anthropocene

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney J Autin
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
System Benefit

Anthropocene has developed a varied set of connotations among scientific and non-scientific advocates. As a result, multiple dichotomies of the Anthropocene exist within various scholarly disciplines. The Anthropocene allows people to reinforce and perpetuate preferred views about the implications of human interaction with the Earth System as our management of the environment is called into question. Scientific dichotomies arise from opinions about the need for formal or informal definition and the recognition of a modern versus historical onset of the Anthropocene. Philosophical dichotomies center around good versus dystopian outcomes of Anthropocene and whether or not humanity is part of what historically has been called nature. Political dichotomies insert Anthropocene into classic conservative versus liberal arguments. Artistic dichotomies tend to evaluate the effects of technology on modernism by embracing a nostalgia for the past or projecting an apocalyptic future. Multiple dichotomies drive conversation towards confusion as individuals argue preferred versions of an Anthropocene concept. Philosophical and political perspectives are affecting scientific views of proposed geological time markers for the start of the Anthropocene as conceptual ideologies appear to compete with tangible stratigraphic attributes. Formal definition of the Anthropocene has potential to inhibit popular usage and further confuse an already confused media. Informal stratigraphic usage by scientists and an open-ended view among non-scientific proponents may be the best approach to formulate a robust Anthropocene message. Both humanity and the Earth System benefit from a dynamic tag line that enhances environmental awareness and provides opportunity to modify our habits of resource overuse and ecosystem neglect. Concepts and imagery offered in the form of modern literature and art have the greatest prospect of affecting popular culture perspectives of the Anthropocene’s role in environmental debate.

SPECIFICATION OF SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 69-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK J. GERKEN
Keyword(s):  
Software Architecture ◽  
Category Theory ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Algebraic Specifications ◽  
Software Specifications ◽  
Architecture Theory ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Semantic Compatibility ◽  
Use Category

Over the past several years, software architecture representation and analysis has become an active area of research. However, most approaches to software architecture representation and analysis have been informal. We postulate that through formality, the term "architecture" can be precisely defined and important properties of systems, such as semantic compatibility between connected entities, can be investigated with precision. In this paper, we use category theory and algebraic specifications to develop a formal definition of architecture and show how architecture theory can be used in the construction of software specifications.

Systematic analysis of PPP research in construction journals: from 2009 to 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 3309-3339
Author(s):  
Yan-Chun Zhang ◽  
Wu-Zan Luo ◽  
Ming Shan ◽  
Dong-Wen Pan ◽  
Wen-Jie Mu
Keyword(s):  
Development Trend ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Research Directions

PurposeThe aims of this study are to conduct a systematic review of public–private partnership (PPP) studies published from 2009 to 2019, to compare the results with Ke et al. (2009) who reviewed the PPP literature published from 1998 to 2008, and to trace the evolution of the PPP knowledge in the past two decades. This study also presents the possible directions that the PPP research may go towards in the future, arguably.Design/methodology/approachThis study carried out a top journal-based search to identify the quality PPP articles published from 2009 to 2019. A total of 12 top-tier construction journals were systematically searched in the database of web of science (WOS), from which 279 PPP articles were identified for review.FindingsThe number of the identified articles, the titles of the journals, institutions, the most cited papers, and prevalent research methods were analyzed and compared. The existing PPP studies in construction journals were classified into seven streams. Through analysis of the PPP research status and gaps, five future research directions were revealed.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the current body of knowledge by revealing the research trend of PPP from 2009 to 2019. It presents the change of PPP development trend in the past decade through comparison with Ke et al. (2009). It also reveals the major research streams and points out the directions that the PPP research may go towards in the future. Moreover, this study is helpful to the practice as well. It can enhance the practitioners' understanding of the PPP development in the past decade. In addition, it identified the research institutions contributing the most in the area of PPP, which may serve as valuable reference for practitioners to locate the best institutions for consultancy or collaboration.

Defining Urban Sustainability in the Context of North American Cities

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Lorr
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Urban Sociology ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
American Cities ◽  
Green Cities

Urban sociology and urban studies increasingly employ the idea of sustainability to explain, analyze, and critique city redevelopment. While the ambiguous and oxymoronic nature of sustainability goals has been extensively covered in the past, the current resurgence and popularity of the term “sustainability,“ especially under the aegis of “urban sustainability“ or “green“ cities, requires us to rethink the usefulness of sustainability as a concept for understanding and evaluating urban redevelopment. Confronting this challenge, this article reviews three of the most common theoretical approaches to sustainability, problematizes those approaches in the context of North American cities, and then provides a working definition of urban sustainability. Finally, the article recommends four plausible research hypotheses to guide future research on urban sustainability.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on the Development of Car Booster Seats for Children

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Ibun Nuraresya ◽  
Umar Nirmal ◽  
P. K. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Past ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Booster Seats ◽  
New Research

Over the past decade there has been a deeply troubling increase in the number of vehicle traffic fatalities involving children. Owing to this, many researchers have contributed to research and development on car booster seats for children. In view of this, the current work encompasses a compilation of articles reviewed on car booster seats for children ranging from the years 1988 to 2018. Further than that, this work also provides information relating to the varying designs and specifications of car booster seats. Concurrently, the writers also propose potential future research that could be undertaken in relation to the developments in child car booster seats, which in turn may allow for new research pathways in this area of interest. Finally, taking into consideration the design and safety factors of the current market trend car booster seats for children, the writers also propose possible state of the art car booster seats for various applications.

scholarly journals Fatigue modeling using neural networks: a comprehensive review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Yongming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Life Prediction ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fatigue Load ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Fatigue Modeling

Neural network (NN) models have made a significant impact on fatigue-related engineering communities and are expected to increase rapidly soon due to the recent advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence. A comprehensive review of fatigue modeling methods using NNs is lacking and will help to recognize past achievements and suggest future research directions. Thus, this paper presents a survey of 251 publications between 1990 and July 2021. The NN modeling in fatigue is classified into five applications: fatigue life prediction, fatigue crack, fatigue damage diagnosis, fatigue strength, and fatigue load. A wide range of NN architectures are employed in the literature and are summarized in this review. An overview of important considerations and current limitations for the application of NNs in fatigue is provided. Statistical analysis for the past and the current trend is provided with representative examples. Existing gaps and future research directions are also presented based on the reviewed articles.

scholarly journals Reviewing the Past to Inform the Future: A Literature Review of Social Media in Tourism

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Zara Zarezadeh ◽  
H. Raymond Rastegar ◽  
Ulrike Gretzel
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Publication Trends ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Tourism Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Consumer Perspective

Abstract Acknowledging the significant advancement of social media, the role and impact of social media has been widely discussed in tourism research. As a result, it has become increasingly difficult to obtain an overview of the knowledge produced in relation to the topic. Review studies provide such overviews to guide future research efforts. This study reviews and analyses 152 tourism-related social media publications since 2008. Based on a qualitative systematic analysis of publications that address the topic from a consumer perspective, the paper identifies publication trends and highlights patterns in the topics, aims, and research designs of existing publications. Specifically, it captures a broader array of consumer-centric topics than previous reviews and highlights methodological gaps. Moreover, the research argues that there is still ample room for more research on social media in tourism, particularly as the existing literature neglects social media beyond review platforms while demonstrating that user-generated content greatly influences tourist behaviours and experiences.

scholarly journals Synovial Macrophages in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Past, Present, and Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajie Tu ◽  
Xinming Wang ◽  
Xun Gong ◽  
Wenming Hong ◽  
Dafei Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Research Directions

The ontogeny of macrophages in most organs has already been established. Owing to the limited number and inaccessibility of synovial macrophages (SMs), the origin of SMs has not been fully elucidated. Previous studies suggested that SMs have two major origins, namely, tissue-resident and monocyte-derived SMs. However, no systematic analysis to identify SM ontology in either physiological or pathological conditions has been available to date. In this review, we summarize relevant studies on the two main origins of SMs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and forecast the future research directions for this field. Furthermore, we discuss the current state of RA therapy that is based on targeting different SM subsets.

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