JSON Schemas with Semantic Annotations Supporting Data Translation

As service-oriented architectures are a solution for large distributed systems, interoperability between these systems, which are often heterogeneous, can be a challenge due to the different syntax and semantics of the exchanged messages or even different data interchange formats. This paper addresses the data interchange format and data interoperability issues between XML-based and JSON-based systems. It proposes novel annotation mechanisms to add semantic annotations and complement date values to JSON Schemas, enabling an interoperability approach for JSON-based systems that, until now, was only possible for XML-based systems. A set of algorithms supporting the translation from JSON Schema to XML Schema, JSON to XML, and XML to JSON is also proposed. These algorithms were implemented in an existing prototype tool, which now supports these systems’ interoperability through semantic compatibility verification and the automatic generation of translators.

Comparative analysis of the adverb very and 很 in the Russian and Chinese languages

This article describes the similarities and differences between the Russian adverb “very” and the Chinese adverb 很. The object of this research is the adverb very and 很 in the Russian and Chinese languages. The subject is the comparative study of the Russian adverb “very” and Chinese adverb 很 from the perspective of their meaning and semantic compatibility. The goal of this article lies in the comparative analysis of the adverbs of extent “very” and 很, determination of their semantic and compatible characteristics. For achieving the set goal, the author employs the descriptive method, comparative analysis, and confirmation by example. The scientific novelty of lies in comparative study of the adverbs of extent “very” and 很 in the Russian and Chinese languages based on numerous examples. The author compare the adverbs of extent “very” and 很 in the Russian and Chinese languages from the perspective of semantics and compatibility in order to reveal similarities and differences between them. The conducted research of theoretical provisions and linguistic material allows concluding that despite the conjunction of semantics of the adverbs “very” and 很, they cannot be considered equivalent; the use of these adverbs requires taking into account the similarities and differences in the area of semantics and compatibility.

LINGUISTIC ASPECT OF A. PYSIN’S LYRICS

The article is devoted to one of the important problems in Philology. Research was carried out to identify linguistic means of creating poetic images in the works of A. Pysin, one of the most famous Belarusian poets of the second half of the twentieth century. Partial linguistic analysis gave rich material for determining the role of Pysin’s epithets, metaphors, various figurative meanings of the word in poetic context. Also attention is drawn to the apt descriptive expressions, conciseness and richness of content, capacity and soaring poetic expressions of A. Pysin. The content of the considered poems by A. Pysin and the nature of their linguistic interpretation are extremely important in terms of educating pupils (students) such feelings as citizenship, patriotism and other positive qualities of the individual. The purpose of this study is to identify the place of a poetic word in the context, its meaning in the content of the expression, the nature of this meaning, semantic compatibility with other words, etc.; trace the author’s search for the right word for the greatest semantic accuracy and imagery of expression. The following research methods were used: descriptive, contextual analysis. The material of the research was the linguistic means of the poetic image of the lyricist A. Pysin. A textual analysis of A. Pysin’s lyrics helps to better understand the meaning of individual figurative images of works, reveals the possibilities of the vocabulary of the language to improve the harmony of the ideal and material in the field of poetry. An analysis of the texts of poems shows the poet’s careful concern for the accuracy of the word in his poetry. Many laconic figurative statements of A. Pysin are easy to remember, emotionally impressive and can be perceived as winged sayings. The linguistic analysis of only a small part of the poems involves the wide use and variety of linguistic means to create highly poetic images that are impressive and memorable. These are, first of all, epithets, metaphors, paraphrases, phrases and other fixed expressions.

Problems of polyethnic teaching of the lexical system of the Russian language

Globalisation and complex migration processes make the Russian educational space multi-ethnic. The article reveals the difficulties of teaching vocabulary in the lessons of the Russian language in a multi-ethnic environment. The authors consider the issue of adaptation of the vocabulary learning process to the educational needs of students when emphasising that foreign-speaking children experience language and cultural shock while entering the Russian-speaking environment. It is indicated that in polyethnic classes vocabulary acquisition is realised in communicative activity in the language of instruction. This activates the process of lexical skills development (word recognition while listening to the sounding text, the use of the word in an oral statement and a written text, etc.). It is proved that lexical work based on the text is the most effective in multi-ethnic classes. Here are practical materials for the organisation of such work. Lexical exercises in multi-ethnic classes are complicated in nature and include work on pronunciation, meaning, study of the lexical and grammatical meaning of a word, features of inflection and word formation, lexical and semantic compatibility of a word, reference to dictionaries.

A Semi-automatic Semantic Consistency-Checking Method for Learning Ontology from Relational Database

To tackle the issues of semantic collision and inconsistencies between ontologies and the original data model while learning ontology from relational database (RDB), a semi-automatic semantic consistency checking method based on graph intermediate representation and model checking is presented. Initially, the W-Graph, as an intermediate model between databases and ontologies, was utilized to formalize the semantic correspondences between databases and ontologies, which were then transformed into the Kripke structure and eventually encoded with the SMV program. Meanwhile, description logics (DLs) were employed to formalize the semantic specifications of the learned ontologies, since the OWL DL showed good semantic compatibility and the DLs presented an excellent expressivity. Thereafter, the specifications were converted into a computer tree logic (CTL) formula to improve machine readability. Furthermore, the task of checking semantic consistency could be converted into a global model checking problem that could be solved automatically by the symbolic model checker. Moreover, an example is given to demonstrate the specific process of formalizing and checking the semantic consistency between learned ontologies and RDB, and a verification experiment was conducted to verify the feasibility of the presented method. The results showed that the presented method could correctly check and identify the different kinds of inconsistencies between learned ontologies and its original data model.

AUTHORITATIVE CARTOGRAPHY IN BRAZIL AND COLLABORATIVE MAPPING PLATFORMS: CHALLENGES AND PROPOSALS FOR DATA INTEGRATION

Brazil has a large area with missing or outdated mapping on the largest scales of its authoritative mapping. The use of data from collaborative mapping platforms appears as an alternative that may contribute to minimizing this problem, either by updating or completing the mapping coverage in Brazil, as proposed or performed by some National Mapping Agencies abroad. The present work aims to analyze a methodology to provide accurate and documented integration of volunteered geographic information and the Brazilian authoritative mapping. The proposal starts with the semantic compatibility between the conceptual models adopted in both official cartography and OpenStreetMap platform. The research continues with the identification of object classes with the most significant potential for integration. Finally, we developed some experiments to evaluate and validate the OSM data integration process in a 1:25,000 scale cartographic database. Even in regions with a recent mapping, the results of the preliminary assessment indicate the potential for an increase of about 52% and 16% of features in the ‘road system’ category, which suggests a very promising method for use in areas with missing or outdated mapping, and its applicability to other categories.

Idiomatic Expression Identification using Semantic Compatibility

Idiomatic expressions are an integral part of natural language and constantly being added to a language. Owing to their non-compositionality and their ability to take on a figurative or literal meaning depending on the sentential context, they have been a classical challenge for NLP systems. To address this challenge, we study the task of detecting whether a sentence has an idiomatic expression and localizing it when it occurs in a figurative sense. Prior research for this task has studied specific classes of idiomatic expressions offering limited views of their generalizability to new idioms. We propose a multi-stage neural architecture with attention flow as a solution. The network effectively fuses contextual and lexical information at different levels using word and sub-word representations. Empirical evaluations on three of the largest benchmark datasets with idiomatic expressions of varied syntactic patterns and degrees of non-compositionality show that our proposed model achieves new state-of-the-art results. A salient feature of the model is its ability to identify idioms unseen during training with gains from 1.4% to 30.8% over competitive baselines on the largest dataset.

Ditransitivity hierarchy, semantic compatibility and the realization of recipients in Korean dative constructions

It has been observed that a subset of dative verbs that can express causation of possession such as cwu- ‘give’, ceykongha- ‘offer’ and cikupha- ‘pay’ may be found in the double accusative frame as well as in the DAT(ive)-ACC(usative) frame in Korean. These verbs contrast with transfer of possession verbs such as kennay- ‘hand’ and phal- ‘sell’ and verbs of sending and throwing, which are found in the DAT-ACC frame only. This paper presents a meaning-based account of the limited productivity of the dative/accusative alternation in Korean dative verbs. Building on Croft et al. (2001) and Levin (2004, 2008b), I argue that the semantic classes of dative verbs form an implicational hierarchy pure caused possession > transfer of possession > caused motion, which ranks verbs in terms of the degree of the compatibility with a caused possession event type. I suggest three criteria for compatibility between verb meaning and constructional meaning and show that the analysis of verb–construction pairings proposed here, when combined with an account of variation, provides a unified explanation for verb distribution patterns observed for ditransitive constructions within and across languages and the morphosyntactic expression of recipients of dative verbs in Korean. It accounts for the limited productivity of the dative/accusative alternation in dative verbs in Korean as a consequence of choosing the cut-off point at the highest end of this hierarchy, thus explaining why only the verb class that is most compatible with the caused possession event type, i.e. pure caused possession verbs, may be used ditransitively.

PREFIXAL REPETITION AS THE POTENTIAL OF THE AXIOSPHERE OF A LITERARY TEXT

В статье на основе аксиологического подхода предложено рассмотрение частотного функционирования приставочных глаголов в прозаическом и поэтическом текстах. Основное внимание обращено на повторяемость приставки при разно- и однокорневых глаголах, их семантическую сочетаемость, соотнесенность, что позволяет «наполнять» монотексты пропозиционным смыслом, выражать авторское отношение. The article proposes consideration of the functioning prefixes frequency in prose and poetic texts based on the axiological approach. The focus is captured on the prefix repetition on case of multi- and single-root verbs, their semantic compatibility, correlation, which allows «filling» the monotexts with propositional meaning, expressing the author’s attitude.