Accessibility Analysis of the South Commuter Railway Project of the Philippines

Abstract Measures of presidential satisfaction have long been in the public’s attention, but the factors that drive them have brought about much discussion. As a contribution to the literature, this study empirically examines presidential approval data in the Philippines using a unique survey of 1200 low-income voting age residents of Metro Manila. Using individual-level data, this study unpacks the possible factors underpinning survey results on citizens’ satisfaction with leadership in the Philippines. While accounting for the personal circumstances of the respondents, this study finds evidence of bandwagoning among survey respondents; and partial evidence of personal economic conditions and disinformation possibly linked to presidential satisfaction. The findings here suggest there should be more caution in interpreting presidential satisfaction indicators.

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The Role of Active Transport Modes in Enhancing the Mobility of Low-Income People in Latin America and the Caribbean

10.18235/0003216 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

María Eugenia Rivas ◽

Tomás Serebrisky

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Active Transport ◽

Low Income ◽

Public Transport ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Income Groups ◽

Low Income Groups ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Transport Modes

Active transport modes play a key role in developing sustainable transport systems by making cities accessible, safe, inclusive, and green. In Latin America and the Caribbean, walking and cycling represent a large share of total trips, especially for low-income groups. But for them, the decision to travel by using active transport modes, especially walking, is not based on sustainability but affordability. Income disparities in the region are also reflected in pedestrian and cycling infrastructure, with poor neighborhoods lacking infrastructure of sufficient quality or size. Despite some successful experiences in the region, there is a lack of integration between transport modes, particularly public transport and cycling, which is crucial for improving the accessibility of low-income people, who usually live in peripheral areas, face long commutes, and require connecting infrastructure and services. The region has the opportunity to improve low-income groups access to livelihood opportunities and key services by developing infrastructure supporting nonmotorized transport, increasing citizen participation in planning, improving planning and regulation, and integrating active transport modes in urban transport systems, especially public transport.

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Access to Information and Other Correlates of Vote Buying and Selling Behaviour: Insights from Philippine Data

Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics ◽

10.1177/02601079211034607 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026010792110346

Author(s):

Tristan Canare ◽

Ronald U. Mendoza

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

The Philippines ◽

Access To Information ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Vote Buying ◽

Political Behaviour ◽

Key Factor ◽

Metro Manila

Access to information is a key factor influencing political behaviour and decisions. Recent studies on vote buying and selling have tried to unpack the possible drivers behind this phenomenon; yet, few studies have empirically examined the role of different sources of information. This study contributes to the nascent literature in this area by turning to a unique dataset from a survey of low-income voters in Metro Manila, the Philippines. It empirically examined the relationship between access to information and vote selling behaviour by low-income voters. It also studied other correlates of vote selling and the possible factors linked to receiving an offer. The results suggest that the quantity of information has no significant relationship with the likelihood of accepting the offer and voting for the candidate for whom the offer was made. However, the quality of information does matter. In particular, access to sources of ‘good quality information’ is negatively associated with completing the vote selling transaction (i.e., accepting the offer and voting for the candidate). This study also found evidence that when money is used for vote buying, it appears to be targeted at those with greater needs, confirming the literature that vote buying activities tend to be well targeted at poor and low-income communities. Unsurprisingly, vote buying offers are more likely in areas where elections are closely contested, and they are also more likely in socially cohesive communities. Our findings also suggest that vote buying may not necessarily be effective in the sense that it encourages only few voters to change their candidate preference. This coheres with earlier studies suggesting that vote buying and selling merely caps a longstanding patron–client relationship between politicians and low-income voters. JEL: D72, D91, K49

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When, What and How to Teach about Electric Mobility? An Innovative Teaching Concept for All Stages of Education: Lessons from Poland

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14196440 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (19) ◽

pp. 6440

Author(s):

Katarzyna Turoń ◽

Andrzej Kubik ◽

Feng Chen

Keyword(s):

Economic Benefits ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Electric Mobility ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Innovative Teaching ◽

Social Barriers ◽

Electric Cars ◽

Teaching Concept ◽

Education Gaps ◽

Original Concept

The implementation of new mobility solutions based on electric vehicles such as electric cars, electric scooters, and electric bikes, in urban transport systems, may bring several advantages for society, from environmental and economic benefits to improved quality of life. Nevertheless, we witness a scarcity of education and promotion that supports electric mobility, which can lead to social barriers due to the lack of knowledge. Consequently, people may be discouraged from using new transport technologies. The article focuses on electric mobility issues and present the original concept of electric mobility education. The goal of the work is to identify appropriate educational methods, useful during teaching about electric mobility at different levels of education. The concept focuses on education from primary school to long-life learning. Presented pedagogical concept is based on the three main pillars of pedagogy as diagnosis, forecasting, and content developing. It was developed based on expert research and diagnosed challenges and education gaps during teaching about electric mobility. The concept includes many techniques of education, from the classic methods as lectures and working with books to new educational solutions as e-learning. The original concept of electric mobility education creates new opportunities to promote electric mobility and support the process of creating new services in the electric mobility market.

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Urban Sustainability in the Global South and the Role of Integrated Transport Solutions - Experiences from Latin America with a Focus on Chile's TranSantiago

10.26686/wgtn.16968310.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Andre Nickl

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Urban Sustainability ◽

Global South ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Visionary Leadership ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Developing Cities ◽

Total Failure ◽

Funding Opportunities

<p>Achieving urban sustainability will be a major challenge in the coming decades. Especially in the Global South the dramatic increase in urban population is demanding intelligent policy solutions in order to prevent urban collapse. Integrated urban transport systems that provide for intelligent mobility solutions play a key role in the search for sustainability. Latin America in particular has seen the implementation of visionary urban transport systems in the cases of Curitiba and Bogota, where Bus Rapid Transit has emerged as a promising transport mode for developing cities with limited funding opportunities. This research thesis portrays and analyses Santiago de Chile's new integrated transport system, TranSantiago, and identifies three key components, which have been neglected in the case of Santiago and that are essential in the context of achieving urban sustainability - visionary leadership, institutional stringency and widespread public participation. TranSantiago must be considered a total failure when compared to the initial aims and objectives, taking into account the huge social cost and the lack of environmental or economic benefits that the system overhaul has created.</p>

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Measuring the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Transport Target and Accessibility of Nairobi’s Matatus

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198120914620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2674 (5) ◽

pp. 196-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Travis Fried ◽

Thet Hein Tun ◽

Jacqueline M. Klopp ◽

Benjamin Welle

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Low Income ◽

Urban Form ◽

Open Data ◽

Central Business District ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Sustainable Development Goal ◽

Development Goal ◽

Improve Access ◽

Transport Inequalities

The urban Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) includes the target to provide “access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all” by 2030. However, debate exists around the best indicator to measure this target, and few actual measurements exist. This is in part because basic transit data are missing from many of the world’s cities, including in Africa where popular or “informal” systems dominate. This paper explores how to make progress in measuring indicators for the SDG transport target using Nairobi’s minibus system, matatus, as a case study. We partially measure the SDG indicator for the city as currently defined by the UN and then compare the SDG measurement to a location-based accessibility indicator that incorporates income data, travel times, and land-use considerations for Nairobi’s highly monocentric spatial urban form. We show that although the SDG analysis suggests generally favorable transit coverage, it also points to underlying transport inequalities for low-income residents. The more fine-grained location-based accessibility analysis reveals rapidly decreasing accessibility to opportunities as distance increases from the city’s central business district. This accessibility-based analysis further highlights income-based transport inequalities, identifying opportunities for improving integrated transport for residents living on the city’s near and far peripheries. Improving non-motorized transport access for those living in low-income areas with high access potential would also be important to improve access. We recommend that cities start using open-source software and open data to measure a variety of indicators needed for data-driven policy, to meet SDG 11.2 and go further to improve access to opportunities for all residents.

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Urban Sustainability in the Global South and the Role of Integrated Transport Solutions - Experiences from Latin America with a Focus on Chile's TranSantiago

10.26686/wgtn.16968310 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Andre Nickl

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Urban Sustainability ◽

Global South ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Visionary Leadership ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Developing Cities ◽

Total Failure ◽

Funding Opportunities

<p>Achieving urban sustainability will be a major challenge in the coming decades. Especially in the Global South the dramatic increase in urban population is demanding intelligent policy solutions in order to prevent urban collapse. Integrated urban transport systems that provide for intelligent mobility solutions play a key role in the search for sustainability. Latin America in particular has seen the implementation of visionary urban transport systems in the cases of Curitiba and Bogota, where Bus Rapid Transit has emerged as a promising transport mode for developing cities with limited funding opportunities. This research thesis portrays and analyses Santiago de Chile's new integrated transport system, TranSantiago, and identifies three key components, which have been neglected in the case of Santiago and that are essential in the context of achieving urban sustainability - visionary leadership, institutional stringency and widespread public participation. TranSantiago must be considered a total failure when compared to the initial aims and objectives, taking into account the huge social cost and the lack of environmental or economic benefits that the system overhaul has created.</p>

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Data Watch: Eligibility for Medicare Drug Benefit for Low-Income Subsidy Applicants Is Higher in the South

Family Practice News ◽

10.1016/s0300-7073(07)70252-9 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 45

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Drug Benefit ◽

The South

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Smart Cities in Turkey: Approaches, Advances and Applications with Greater Consideration for Future Urban Transport Development

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12122308 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 2308 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Can Bıyık

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Planning Process ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Radical Change ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Comprehensive Survey ◽

Future Vision

The smart city transport concept is viewed as a future vision aiming to undertake investigations on the urban planning process and to construct policy-pathways for achieving future targets. Therefore, this paper sets out three visions for the year 2035 which bring about a radical change in the level of green transport systems (often called walking, cycling, and public transport) in Turkish urban areas. A participatory visioning technique was structured according to a three-stage technique: (i) Extensive online comprehensive survey, in which potential transport measures were researched for their relevance in promoting smart transport systems in future Turkish urban areas; (ii) semi-structured interviews, where transport strategy suggestions were developed in the context of the possible imaginary urban areas and their associated contextual description of the imaginary urban areas for each vision; (iii) participatory workshops, where an innovative method was developed to explore various creative future choices and alternatives. Overall, this paper indicates that the content of the future smart transport visions was reasonable, but such visions need a considerable degree of consensus and radical approaches for tackling them. The findings offer invaluable insights to researchers inquiring about the smart transport field, and policy-makers considering applying those into practice in their local urban areas.

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The Economic Effects of Electromobility in Sustainable Urban Public Transport

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14040878 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 878 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Oliwia Pietrzak ◽

Krystian Pietrzak

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Research Study ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Energy Mix ◽

Zero Emission ◽

The Impact ◽

The Given

This paper focuses on effects of implementing zero-emission buses in public transport fleets in urban areas in the context of electromobility assumptions. It fills the literature gap in the area of research on the impact of the energy mix of a given country on the issues raised in this article. The main purpose of this paper is to identify and analyse economic effects of implementing zero-emission buses in public transport in cities. The research area was the city of Szczecin, Poland. The research study was completed using the following research methods: literature review, document analysis (legal acts and internal documents), case study, ratio analysis, and comparative analysis of selected variants (investment variant and base variant). The conducted research study has shown that economic benefits resulting from implementing zero-emission buses in an urban transport fleet are limited by the current energy mix structure of the given country. An unfavourable energy mix may lead to increased emissions of SO2 and CO2 resulting from operation of this kind of vehicle. Therefore, achieving full effects in the field of electromobility in the given country depends on taking concurrent actions in order to diversify the power generation sources, and in particular on increasing the share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES).

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