Terrestrial dispersal of juvenile Mink Frog (Lithobates septentrionalis) in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
David L. LeGros ◽  
David Lesbarrères ◽  
Brad Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Riparian Corridors ◽  
Riparian Area ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Provincial Park

Dispersal following metamorphosis is critical for sustaining anuran metapopulations. Mink Frog (Lithobates septentrionalis) is a primarily aquatic species that is common in eastern Canada. The species is not well studied, and little is known about the terrestrial dispersal of recently metamorphosed individuals. Here we present our observations on the phenology of terrestrial activity in recently metamorphosed Mink Frogs in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada. Despite a sampling effort of over 26 000 trap nights over two years (2010 and 2011) in an area with a known population of Mink Frogs, we observed only 35 individuals, all of which were recent metamorphs, in late summer 2011, suggesting annual variability of recruitment. Because all Mink Frogs were observed in a riparian area, it is likely that this species uses riparian corridors to disperse toward other wetlands, thus avoiding forested areas.

Seasonal diving and foraging behaviour of Eastern Canada-West Greenland bowhead whales

2020 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
pp. 197-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
SME Fortune ◽  
SH Ferguson ◽  
AW Trites ◽  
B LeBlanc ◽  
V LeMay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Bowhead Whales ◽  
Seasonal Movement ◽  
Dive Behaviour ◽  
Calanus Glacialis ◽  
Canada West

Climate change may affect the foraging success of bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus by altering the diversity and abundance of zooplankton species available as food. However, assessing climate-induced impacts first requires documenting feeding conditions under current environmental conditions. We collected seasonal movement and dive-behaviour data from 25 Eastern Canada-West Greenland bowheads instrumented with time-depth telemetry tags and used state-space models to examine whale movements and dive behaviours. Zooplankton samples were also collected in Cumberland Sound (CS) to determine species composition and biomass. We found that CS was used seasonally by 14 of the 25 tagged whales. Area-restricted movement was the dominant behaviour in CS, suggesting that the tagged whales allocated considerable time to feeding. Prey sampling data suggested that bowheads were exploiting energy-rich Arctic copepods such as Calanus glacialis and C. hyperboreus during summer. Dive behaviour changed seasonally in CS. Most notably, probable feeding dives were substantially shallower during spring and summer compared to fall and winter. These seasonal changes in dive depths likely reflect changes in the vertical distribution of calanoid copepods, which are known to suspend development and overwinter at depth during fall and winter when availability of their phytoplankton prey is presumed to be lower. Overall, CS appears to be an important year-round foraging habitat for bowheads, but is particularly important during the late summer and fall. Whether CS will remain a reliable feeding area for bowhead whales under climate change is not yet known.

Wolf body mass, skull morphology, and mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in the Riding Mountain National Park region of Manitoba, Canada

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid V. Stronen ◽  
Graham J. Forbes ◽  
Tim Sallows ◽  
Gloria Goulet ◽  
Marco Musiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
National Park ◽  
Skull Morphology ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Riding Mountain National Park ◽  
Canis Lycaon ◽  
Provincial Park

Two types of wolves, gray ( Canis lupus L., 1758) and eastern ( Canis lupus lycaon Schreber, 1775 or Canis lycaon ) or Great Lakes wolves, representing Old World (OW) and New World (NW) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes, have been reported in eastern Canada and the Great Lakes region. Both haplotypes were found in Duck Mountain Provincial Park and Forest, Manitoba. Only OW haplotypes have been reported from the isolated Riding Mountain National Park (RMNP), 30 km to the south. Wolves with NW haplotypes hybridize with C. lupus and coyotes ( Canis latrans Say, 1823) and could mediate gene flow between canids. We examined available data on wolf body mass, skull morphology, and mtDNA from the RMNP region, as well as mtDNA from Manitoba and Saskatchewan, to assess the occurrence of NW haplotypes in wolves and possible canid hybridization. Mean body mass of female (n = 54) and male (n = 42) RMNP wolves during 1985–1987 was higher than that of females (n = 12) and males (n = 8) during 1999–2004. Thirteen skull measures from 29 wolf skulls did not suggest significant differences between RMNP and Duck Mountain wolves. Nineteen of 20 RMNP samples had OW haplotypes, whereas one clustered together with NW haplotypes.

scholarly journals Hemispheric transport and influence of meteorology on global aerosol climatology

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 7609-7624 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Zhao ◽  
S. L. Gong ◽  
P. Huang ◽  
D. Lavoué
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Aerosol Transport ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Annual Variability

Abstract. Based on a 10-yr simulation with the global air quality modeling system GEM-AQ/EC, the northern hemispheric aerosol transport with the inter-annual and seasonal variability as well as the mean climate was investigated. The intercontinental aerosol transport is predominant in the zonal direction from west to east with the ranges of inter-annual variability between 14% and 63%, and is 0.5–2 orders of magnitude weaker in the meridional direction but with larger inter-annual variability. The aerosol transport is found to fluctuate seasonally with a factor of 5–8 between the maximum in late winter and spring and the minimum in late summer and fall. Three meteorological factors controlling the intercontinental aerosol transport and its inter-annual variations are identified from the modeling results: (1) Anomalies in the mid-latitude westerlies in the troposphere. (2) Variations of precipitation over the intercontinental transport pathways and (3) Changes of meteorological conditions within the boundary layer. Changed only by the meteorology, the aerosol column loadings in the free troposphere over the source regions of Europe, North America, South and East Asia vary inter-annually with the highest magnitudes of 30–37% in January and December and the lowest magnitudes of 16–20% in August and September, and the inter-annual aerosol variability within the boundary layer influencing the surface concentrations with the magnitudes from 6% to 20% is more region-dependent. As the strongest climatic signal, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can lead the anomalies in the intercontinental aerosols in El Niño- and La Niña-years respectively with the strong and weak transport of the mid-latitude westerlies and the low latitude easterlies in the Northern Hemisphere (NH).

scholarly journals Seasonal and Inter-Annual Variability of the Phytoplankton Dynamics in the Black Sea Inner Basin

Oceans ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-273
Author(s):  
Svetla Miladinova ◽  
Adolf Stips ◽  
Diego Macias Moy ◽  
Elisa Garcia-Gorriz
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Mesoscale Eddy ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Geochemical Model ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Intermediate Layers

We explore the patterns of Black Sea phytoplankton growth as driven by the thermohaline structure and circulation system and the freshwater nutrient loads. Seasonal and inter-annual variability of the phytoplankton blooms is examined using hydrodynamic simulations that resolve mesoscale eddies and online coupled bio-geochemical model. This study suggests that the bloom seasonality is homogeneous across geographic locations of the Black Sea inner basin, with the strongest bloom occurring in winter (February–March), followed by weaker bloom in spring (April–May), summer deep biomass maximum (DBM) (June–September) and a final bloom in autumn (October–November). The winter phytoplankton bloom relies on vertical mixing of nitrate from the intermediate layers, where nitrate is abundant. The winter bloom is highly dependent on the strength of the cold intermediate layers (CIL), while spring/summer blooms take advantage of the CIL weakness. The maximum phytoplankton transport across the North Western Shelf (NWS) break occurs in September, prior to the basin interior autumn bloom. Bloom initiation in early autumn is associated with the spreading of NWS waters, which in turn is caused by an increase in mesoscale eddy activity in late summer months. In summary, the intrusion of low salinity and nitrate-rich water into the basin interior triggers erosion of the thermocline, resulting in vertical nitrate uplifting. The seasonal phytoplankton succession is strongly influenced by the recent CIL disintegration and amplification of the Black Sea circulation, which may alter the natural Black Sea nitrate dynamics, with subsequent effects on phytoplankton and in turn on all marine life.

The Food of Salmon Fry in Eastern Canada

1936 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. White
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Cumberland County ◽  
Major Food ◽  
Salmon Fry

Stomach analyses were made of young salmon in their first summer, as obtained from West and East Apple rivers, and Reeds and Eatonville creeks, all in Cumberland county, Nova Scotia, and from Digdeguash river in New Brunswick. Chironomid larvae formed the chief food of the newly emerged fry, while ephemerid nymphs constituted the major food taken during the mid-summer growing period. Trichoptera tended to become important toward autumn, but at times formed a considerable proportion of the food even in July and August. Plecoptera, simuliids and tipulids also occurred, and terrestrial forms such as Hymenoptera, Homoptera and Diptera were taken in appreciable quantities in late summer and autumn.

Physical preconditioning of oxygen depletion in shelf seas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Williams ◽  
Claire Mahaffey ◽  
Matthew Palmer ◽  
Naomi Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
The North ◽  
Biogeochemical Models ◽  
Shelf Seas ◽  
Shelf Sea ◽  
The North Sea

<p>The global ocean dissolved oxygen (DO) inventory is decreasing and the areal extent of DO deficiency is increasing. In the shelf sea BML, net DO removal can occur as a result of restricted ventilation due to seasonal thermal stratification, oxygen consumption via pelagic and benthic respiration of organic matter, and nitrification. DO decline is becoming evident in several shelf seas, with recent model studies estimating that large regions of the Northwest European continental shelf seas (325,000 to 400,000 km<sup>2</sup>) have the potential to become seasonally deficient in DO in late summer. It is therefore of vital importance that DO is monitored accurately and effectively in shelf seas.</p><p>Here we present results from AlterECO project, which aimed to provide an alternative, novel framework for the monitoring of shelf sea ecosystem health indicators, including DO, via the deployment of 20 gliders in the North Sea (NW European shelf). Between November 2017 and May 2019 the gliders provided 18 month continuous measurements of T, S, chlorophyll fluorescence, and DO in the seasonally stratified study area, capturing the onset and breakdown of two spring blooms. In both years the gliders captured a weakly stratified, deep (>60m) thermocline in late autumn which was responsible for oxygen deplete (75%)  ‘pools’ in the North Sea. Our results show that preconditioning of pre-bloom transitional periods as well as episodic mixing events drive inter-annual differences in BML DO concentrations. Large inter-annual variability between pre-bloom physical conditions was observed, with the occurrence of anticyclone Hartmut in February 2018 resulting in a much colder water column (and therefore higher solubility of DO) in spring 2018 than 2019. Additionally we will demonstrate that the erosion of mini-blooms during the onset of stratification results in mixing of supersaturated DO surface water into the BML, helping to prevent DO deficiency in the BML in late summer. Comparisons of our high resolution glider data with the latest state of the art biogeochemical models (AMM15-ERSEM) will also be presented. We postulate that understanding the drivers of inter-annual variability in pre-bloom physical conditions is crucial in terms of understanding and predicting DO depletion in shelf seas.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Sex-biased seasonal capture rates in Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta)

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick D. Moldowan ◽  
Ronald J. Brooks ◽  
Jacqueline D. Litzgus
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Chrysemys Picta ◽  
Painted Turtle ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
Provincial Park ◽  
Capture Rates

We examined captures of Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta) in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, during the understudied summer–autumn transition period (August–September). The proportion of captured male turtles increased relative to the proportion of females during the late summer and early autumn sampling period, leading to male-biased capture rates in a population with a strongly female-biased sex ratio. We consider explanations for the capture bias in relation to sex-specific activity patterns and briefly discuss the implications of sampling period on the outcome of population structure studies.

Yield, persistence, and nutritive value of autumn harvested tall fescue

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Drapeau ◽  
G. Bélanger ◽  
G. F. Tremblay ◽  
R. Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
The Third ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates

Tall fescue, harvested or grazed in autumn, may be a potential source of forage but little is known of the effect of a fall harvest or grazing on yield and nutritive value of tall fescue in the mid-north of eastern Canada (˜ 1400 growing degree-days). Three tall fescue cultivars (Courtenay, Kokanee, and Montebello) were submitted to 10 harvest management treatments (two dates of second harvest and five dates of third harvest) over 3 production years in the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean region (QC). The cultivars Courtenay and Kokanee were more productive and persistent than Montebello. The annual DM yield decreased by an average of 15% between the first and the second production year and by an average of 35% between the first and the third production year; these decreases were greater (22 and 41%, respectively) when the third harvest was taken in early October. Increasing from 28 to 35 d the interval between the first and second harvests increased DM yield of the second harvest by more than 0.5 Mg ha-1, but caused a greater reduction in DM yield of the third harvest, primarily during the first 2 production years. Third-harvest DM yields of more than 4.0 Mg ha-1 were obtained in the first and second production years, while third-harvest DM yields varied from 2.5 to 3.0 Mg ha-1 in the third production year. With the delay of the third harvest in autumn, the concentration of crude protein decreased to 120 g kg-1 DM, the concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates increased to 150 g kg-1 DM, while that of acid detergent fibre changed very little. Tall fescue has a significant yield potential in late summer and early autumn in the mid-north of eastern Canada, primarily in the first 2 production years. However, harvesting or grazing tall fescue in the week preceding or following the first killing frost will reduce persistence and spring regrowth the following year. Key words: Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S. J. Darbyshire, cutting management, cultivars, water-soluble carbohydrates

scholarly journals Dynamical and Precipitation Structures of Poleward-Moving Tropical Cyclones in Eastern Canada, 1979–2005

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 836-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn M. Milrad ◽  
Eyad H. Atallah ◽  
John R. Gyakum
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Regional Reanalysis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Environmental Prediction

Abstract Tropical cyclones in the western North Atlantic basin are a persistent threat to human interests along the east coast of North America. Occurring mainly during the late summer and early autumn, these storms often cause strong winds and extreme rainfall and can have a large impact on the weather of eastern Canada. From 1979 to 2005, 40 named (by the National Hurricane Center) tropical cyclones tracked over eastern Canada. Based on the time tendency of the low-level (850–700 hPa) vorticity, the storms are partitioned into two groups: “intensifying” and “decaying.” The 16 intensifying and 12 decaying cases are then analyzed using data from both the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and the NCEP global reanalysis. Composite dynamical structures are presented for both partitioned groups, utilizing both quasigeostrophic (QG) and potential vorticity (PV) perspectives. It is found that the proximity to the tropical cyclone and subsequent negative tilt (or lack thereof) of a precursor trough over the Great Lakes region is crucial to whether a storm “intensifies” or “decays.” Heavy precipitation is often the main concern when tropical cyclones move northward into the midlatitudes. Therefore, analyses of storm-relative precipitation distributions show that storms intensifying (decaying) as they move into the midlatitudes often exhibit a counterclockwise (clockwise) rotation of precipitation around the storm center.

The Value of Historical Data in Population Research, with Particular Reference to Hyphantria cunea Drury

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 356-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Population Decline ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Favorable Weather

AbstractThree different types of historical population data on the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury, are examined graphically. Oscillations in population density have peaks at intervals varying from 8 to 16 years, and are generally synchronous over very large areas in eastern and central Canada. Temperature in late summer is a key factor affecting the rate of change in density, particularly during the development of gradations, and this explains the synchronism of the oscillations. Climate and vegetation appear to be the main factors determining differences in mean density from one area to another. However, oscillations about the mean density have discrete limits, which are usually below the limits imposed by the food supply even where climate is generally favorable, and population decline often occurs despite favorable weather. These limits are imposed by other factors, such as the parasite Campoplex validus Cress. which has a delayed response to webworm density in eastern Canada.It is concluded that similar analyses for other insects, perhaps based on the sort of data being accumulated each year by the Forest Insect Survey, would contribute to the development of population principles and would suggest many useful short-cuts when more intensive work is undertaken on additional species.

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