scholarly journals COVID-19: One year together

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
A. N. Lukashev
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

The pandemic of COVID-19, a novel respiratory infection, has become one of the most significant events in the history of infectious diseases over the past 100 years. The article reviews the main stages in the development of a pandemic and the fight against it, the most appealing issued faced by medical science, the successes and mistakes of healthcare systems and researchers, the current state of the problem and the nearest prospects.

scholarly journals Dermoscopy revealing a case of Tinea Nigra*

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Ricardo Criado ◽  
Lívia Delgado ◽  
Gustavo Alonso Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Glabrous Skin ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tinea Nigra ◽  
Skin Conditions

Dermoscopy has being used over the past twenty years as a noninvasive aid in the diagnosis of innumerable skin conditions, including infectious diseases and infestations (Entodermoscopy).Tinea nigra is a superficial phaeohyfomycosis that affects mainly the glabrous skin of palms and soles. We describe a 14 year-old girl with a three-month history of an enlarging brown patch of her hand diagnosed as Tinea Nigra following clinical and dermoscopy examination.These images emphasize the importance of dermoscopy as a diagnostic tool in the daily routine of dermatologists.

scholarly journals Historical perspective of neurology in Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shri Kant-Mishra ◽  
Hadi Mohammad Khanli ◽  
Golnoush Akhlaghipour ◽  
Ghazaleh Ahmadi Jazi ◽  
Shaweta Khosa1
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Neurologic Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Era

Iran is an ancient country, known as the cradle of civilization. The history of medicine in Iran goes back to the existence of a human in this country, divided into three periods: pre-Islamic, medieval, and modern period. There are records of different neurologic terms from the early period, while Zoroastrian (religious) prescription was mainly used until the foundation of the first medical center (Gondishapur). In the medieval period, with the conquest of Islam, prominent scientists were taught in Baghdad, like Avicenna, who referred to different neurologic diseases including stroke, paralysis, tremor, and meningitis. Several outstanding scientists developed the medical science of neurology in Iran, the work of whom has been used by other countries in the past and present. In the modern era, the Iranian Neurological Association was established with the efforts of Professor Jalal Barimani in 1991.

Reflections on Thirty Years of Muqarnas

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülru Necipoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Board Members ◽  
Islamic Art ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Advisory Boards ◽  
Current State ◽  
Thirtieth Anniversary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Art And Architecture ◽  
State Of The Field

In this volume marking the thirtieth anniversary of Muqarnas, the Editor reflects on the evolution of the journal over the years. To that end, the members of the Editorial and Advisory Boards were sent a questionnaire, asking them to comment on the contributions of Muqarnas and its Supplements series to the field of Islamic art and architecture studies over the past three decades, and to provide suggestions for future directions. Their observations, thoughts, and hopes for Muqarnas have been anonymously incorporated into this essay, which, in conversation with their comments, looks back on the history of the publication and offers some possibilities for the path it might take going forward.
The goal here is neither to assess the historiography nor to examine the current state of the field thirty years after the opening essay of volume 1. Instead, the focus is on the development and impact of both Muqarnas and the Supplements series in a highly specialized field with relatively few and short-lived or sporadic journals, before turning to the successes and shortcomings of these publications, as outlined by some of the board members. 


Relevance of the history of psychiatry to practising clinicians

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Medical History ◽  
History Of Psychiatry ◽  
Genetic Inheritance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Treatment

Do busy psychiatrists need to pay any attention to the history of their discipline? Surely clinicians should concentrate on keeping up-to-date with the latest developments in their field. Medical history may provide amusing anecdotes about practice in the past, but can it inform modern treatment? Such a response, although familiar, seems rather strange, coming from psychiatrists, who, after all, spend their clinical day, taking ‘histories'. By doing so, they seek to understand their patients' problems in the context of their life history. They try to make sense of the present by reference to the past, whether it be events in the patient's childhood, previous conflicts or the individual's genetic inheritance. Given such a perspective, it seems reasonable that psychiatrists might also take an interest in the history of their profession. By attending to the history of its development, its past disputes and its intellectual inheritance, the psychiatrist can reach a deeper understanding of the current state of psychiatry.

Oral Traditions: Whose History

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 165-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Spear
Keyword(s):  
Oral Traditions ◽  
African History ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
The Past ◽  
Primary Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Tradition Orale

Historians rarely pause to reflect on the history and theory of our own discipline, but it is a salutary exercise, particularly when the discipline is as young as African history. Twenty years ago a majority of African peoples emerged from colonial domination and acquired their independence. In that same year their history was also symbolically liberated from domination by the activities of Europeans in Africa through the inauguration of the Journal of African History. And one year later the new African history was given what was to become one of its dominant methodologies with the publication of Jan Vansina's De la tradition Orale.African history was to be the history of Africans, a history that had begun well before the European ‘discovery’ of Africa. The problem was sources. Western historiography was firmly based on written sources which could be arranged in sequence and analyzed to trace incremental changes and establish cause and effect relationships in evolutionary patterns of change. Unlike written documents which were recorded in the past and passed down unchanged into the present, oral traditions had to be remembered and retold through successive generations to reach the present. Their accuracy was thus subject to lapses in memory and falsification in the long chains of transmission from the initial report of the event in the past to the tradition told in the present. To overcome these problems Vansina established an elaborate and meticulous methodology by which traditions should be collected and transcribed, their chains of transmission traced and variants compared, and obvious biases and falsifications stripped off to produce primary documents suitable for writing history within the western genre.

scholarly journals Milestones in Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering History: A Comparative Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel M. del Águila ◽  
José Palma ◽  
Samuel Túnez
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Knowledge Engineering ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Software Development Methodologies

We present a review of the historical evolution of software engineering, intertwining it with the history of knowledge engineering because “those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” This retrospective represents a further step forward to understanding the current state of both types of engineerings; history has also positive experiences; some of them we would like to remember and to repeat. Two types of engineerings had parallel and divergent evolutions but following a similar pattern. We also define a set of milestones that represent a convergence or divergence of the software development methodologies. These milestones do not appear at the same time in software engineering and knowledge engineering, so lessons learned in one discipline can help in the evolution of the other one.

scholarly journals Mycobacteriosis treatment challenges in patients with HIV-infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
M. A. Savchenko ◽  
A. M. Panteleev
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Over the past decade, in Russian Federation there has been a steady increase in the incidence of MAC-infection in patients with HIV (the growth of nosology over the past five years, on average, was 57% per year). This determines the interest in this problem, especially in terms of the high inefficiency of treatment for the disease, the long term and cost of treatment. The history of the study of Mycobacterium Avium Complex-infection (MAC) originates in the early eighties in the United States, when the prognosis for a patient with AIDS and mycobacteriosis was extremely poor: mortality within one year after the detection of pathogen reached 71%. The role of infection in the thanatogenesis of patients was, however, established only by the beginning of the nineties. The detection of macrolide activity against the pathogen significantly improved the prognosis for patients, especially in combination with highly active antiretroviral therapy. The widespread introduction of antiviral drugs into practice and the ability to achieve immune reconstitution prevented the development of opportunistic infections, but did not solve the remaining issues of the treatment of the MAC-infection. The main one is the treatment of patients with a clarithromycin-resistant pathogen. There is no consensus on the sensitivity of non-tuberculous mycobacteria to antibacterials.

scholarly journals A rare case of peritoneo-cutaneous fistula after laparoscopy converted to open failed cholecystectomy: meticulously managed by laparoscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1405
Author(s):  
Washim F. Khan ◽  
Yashwant S. Rathore ◽  
Gurpremjit Singh ◽  
Sandeep Jain ◽  
Devender Singh
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Fistula Tract ◽  
Cutaneous Fistula ◽  
The Past ◽  
Serous Discharge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Normal Gallbladder ◽  
One Year ◽  
Gallbladder Fossa

Peritoneo-cutaneous fistula can occur following cholecystectomy due to leftover stones. However, cholecysto-cutaneous fistula has been found to be associated with complication of acute cholecystitis. But never before a fistula associated with abandoned cholecystectomy without spillage of stone have been described in literature. We describe a case report of a 25-year-old female presented with right upper quadrant serous discharge from a previous incision site for the past 8 months. The patient had a history of failed cholecystectomy one year back. The patient was evaluated radiologically with computed tomography sinogram and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatogram (MRCP) and found to have a tract communicating with subcutaneous tissue and gallbladder fossa with normal gallbladder anatomy and a single calculus. The patient was managed laparoscopically. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed successfully with excision of peritoneo-cutaneous fistula tract. All difficult and failed cholecystectomies should be attempted at high volume surgical centres by an experienced laparoscopic surgeon only.

scholarly journals The Current State and 125 Kyr History of Permafrost in the Kara Sea Shelf: Modeling Constraints

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Gavrilov ◽  
Vladimir Pavlov ◽  
Alexandr Fridenberg ◽  
Mikhail Boldyrev ◽  
Vanda Khilimonyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Forward Modeling ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of

Abstract. The evolution of permafrost in the Kara shelf is reconstructed for the past 125 kyr. The work includes zoning of the shelf according to geological history, compiling sea-level and ground temperature scenarios within the distinguished zones, and forward modeling to evaluate the thickness of permafrost and the extent of frozen, cold and unfrozen rocks. The modeling results are correlated to the available field data and are presented as geocryological maps. The formation of frozen, cold, and unfrozen rocks of the region is inferred to depend on the spread of ice sheets, sea level, and duration of shelf freezing and thawing periods.

scholarly journals The Narrative Reproduction of Contemporary Montenegrin Identity in The Process of Euroatlantic Intergrations (Part II)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Branko Banović
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
World War ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Key Points ◽  
History Of

If we conceptualize reality as a large narrative we “build ourselves into” as social beings, and consider social activities and identities as narratively mediated, the full extent of the capacity of narratives in the creation, shaping, transmission and reconstruction of contemporary social identities, as well as the reproduction of the concept of nation in everyday life becomes apparent. The imagined Euro- Atlantic future of Montenegro demands certain narrative interpretations of the past, which, in latter stages tend to become meta-narratives susceptible to consensus. The linkage of significant historical events to the process of Euro-Atlantic integrations of Montenegro is preformed through different meta-discursive practices, most often through ceremonial evocations of memories of significant events from the recent as well as further history of Montenegro. In this context, celebrations of Statehood Day and Independence Day are especially important, as they serve as reminders of the decisions of the Congress of Berlin, the Podgorica Assembly, the antifascist struggle of World War II and the independence of Montenegro attained through the referendum held in 2006. The clearly defined key points, along with the logical coherence the narrative is based on, provide the narrative with a certain “flexibility” which enables it to take in new elements. Narrative interpretations of the past have a significant role in the reproduction of the nation, as well as the shaping and consolidation of a desirable national identity, while the established narrative continuity between the past, present and imagined Euro-Atlantic future of Montenegro emerges as the “official” mediator in the reproduction of contemporary Montenegrin identity in the process of Euro-Atlantic integrations. In order to fully comprehend this narrative, it is advisable to conceptualize it both in a synchronic as well as a diachronic perspective, as can be shown in two charts which, depending on the context, I have tentatively named “the sovereignty graph” (wherein the “end” of the narrative is a prerequisite for the beginning of Euro-Atlantic integrations) and “the identity graph” (wherein Euro-Atlantic integrations are conceptualized as a dialectic equilibrium of independence and non-independence).

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