scholarly journals METHODOLOGY OF COST RECORDING AND ACCOUNTING IN DAIRY COOPERATIVES

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Marzena Ganc ◽  
Mirosław Wasilewski
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
Dairy Cooperatives ◽  
Typical Object ◽  
Milk Market

The purpose of the research is to present the theoretical and practical aspects of determining the unit cost of producing dairy products in what is defined as a "typical" dairy cooperative. The Euclideanand urban distance method was used to determine a typical object with n = 88 dairy cooperatives – the following set of variables was defined, which are common to all cooperatives and reflect the sizeand specificity of cooperative units on the milk market in Poland. The selected cooperative provides a procedure for calculating the unit costs of dairy products on the basis of a detailed case study. Thefull cost account used in cooperatives does not provide cost information for management decisions.Indirect cost accounting using contractual factors does not provide reliable cost data. An important issue in determining the coefficients is the adoption of a measure which reflects the actualrelationship between cost and cost carrier, a product which, in the case of dairy products, may be difficult. It would be appropriate to attempt to introduce a variable cost account in dairy cooperativesin order to avoid the contractual assignment of indirect costs to products. The main problem highlighted by the authors is the lack of an adequate information system for the cost accounting indairy cooperatives. The implementation of such solutions would allow managers of a dairy cooperative to make appropriate (short-term) decisions in terms of developing an assortmentstructure based on data e.g. on profitability at the level of individual products.

scholarly journals Handling and marketing of dairy products in and around Bahir Dar Milkshed Areas, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
TILAHUN SISAY ◽  
KEFYALEW ALEMAYEHU ◽  
MOLLA HAILE
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Fresh State ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Dairy Cooperatives ◽  
Milk Market

Sisay T, Alemayehu K, Haile M. 2018. Handling and marketing of dairy products in and around Bahir Dar Milkshed Areas, Ethiopia. Trop Drylands 2: 48-58. This study was conducted to assess handling, processing and marketing of milk and milk products using 180 sample households in the formal survey with a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Market channels and chains of milk and milk products were described using market data from sample households, key informants and sale records. Overall, 45.6% of the sample households supplied milk for market with the highest in Bahir Dar City, followed by Tis Abay and lowest proportion was at Sebatamit rural kebele. Overall, the average amount of milk daily supplied to market was 6.6 liters/household and the figure at Bahir Dar City, Sebatamit and Tis Abay rural kebeles were 9.7, 5.6 and 2.33 liters, respectively. Daily milk delivered through cooperative and other sale outlets as farm gate, customers` gate on delivery system and farm shop. Season, location and interaction of these factors had highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) effect on volume of milk monthly collected at cooperatives. Different market channels, outlets, and agents identified for various dairy products; butter being with the longest channel, followed by marketing of milk and low-fat milk/ semi-skim milk to pass through about three channels. Milk supplied to market, generally constrained by feed shortage, lack of improved breed, unreliable milk market, unattractive price and producers` limited awareness. Dairy cooperatives generally, create milk market outlet and supplied various processed milk products to market; of which low-fat milk (semi-skim milk) is sold in its fresh state which might be used as a less expensive product. Hence, to the paramount role of the cooperatives in the area strengthening the linkage between producers and consumers, which in turn provide reliable milk market and benefit producers from market opportunity of dairying, the constraints limiting the supply of marketable milk need to be addressed.

scholarly journals Przydatność arkusza rozliczeniowego kosztów do zarządzania kosztami spółdzielni mleczarskiej

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Marzena Ganc
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Dairy Cooperatives ◽  
The Cost

The aim of the research is to provide an accounting scheme in dairy cooperatives and to determine its usefulness in obtaining cost information for management decision making. Analysis of the nature of the case study. Intentionally selected dairy cooperative referred to as a typical using Euclidean distance method. Managers need reliable cost information. Providing this information is the main task of the cost account, which is one of the most important components of the accounting, with the task group and setting a number of dependencies between processes, and the amount of the costs. Properly drawn up the billing sheet costs should take into account changes in both production and market environment, the dairy cooperative, because these factors justify a demand for information about the cost.

scholarly journals Study on Implementation of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) System on Determination of Indirect Costs in Ship Production

Kapal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sufian Imam Wahidi ◽  
Vialdo Muhammad Virmansyah ◽  
Triwilaswandio Wuruk Pribadi
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Budget Planning ◽  
System Method ◽  
Costing System

Currently, business development, especially in the maritime sector, has quite rapid progress in Indonesia. Recently, the shipbuilding industry's development is an effort to improve competitiveness with the global market. With the increasing development of the shipbuilding industry in Indonesia, cost accounting as a cost information system is challenged to develop the shipbuilding industry, requiring high product quality. This matter requires the company to decide on proper budget planning not to experience losses. Activity-Based Costing (ABC) System is a system to determine costs using activities to classify costs to produce indirect costs that are more systematic and relevant. Activity-based costing systems identify resources in each department's activities to provide information about a product's cost. It collects indirect costs and allocates them to various products in proportion to the product volume. Therefore, activity-based costing can estimate the product costs and individual activity costs used in the production well. The first step is classifying activities, associating various costs with various activities, determining homogeneous cost groups, and determining group rates. The second step of this stage is the determination of overhead prices selected from each cost group. This research compares indirect costs to the construction of 2x1800 HP tugboat ships according to traditional cost accounting methods with the Activity-Based Costing System method. The first method's result is 3,432,920,043 IDR and the second method is 2,231,760,472 IDR.

THE NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT OF COST MANAGEMENT AMONG EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY U.S. TEXITLE MANUFACTURERS

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Tyson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New England ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Textile Mills

Several authors have suggested that a particular managerial component was needed before cost accounting could be fully used for accountability and disciplinary purposes. They argue that the marriage of managerialism and accounting first occurred in the United States at the Springfield Armory after 1840. They generally downplay the quality and usefulness of cost accounting at the New England textile mills before that time and call for a re-examination of original mill records from a disciplinary perspective. This paper reports the results of such a re-examination. It initially describes the social and economic environment of U.S. textile manufacturing in New England in the early nineteenth century. Selected cost memos and reports are described and analyzed to indicate the nature and scope of costing undertaken at the mills in Lowell, Massachusetts, in the late 1820s and early 1830s. The paper discusses how particular cost information was used and speculates why certain more modern procedures were not adopted. Its major finding is that cost management practices fully measured up to the business complexities, economic pressures, and social forces of the day.

scholarly journals Inventory Model with Demand Dependant on Unit Cost- Input Parameters as Triangular Fuzzy Numbers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kasthuri, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Inventory Model ◽  
Average Total Cost ◽  
Triangular Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Lot Size ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Signed Distance ◽  
Fuzzy Environment

This paper considers an inventory model in which the shortages are backlogged and the demand is dependent on unit cost. An optimum value for average total cost is calculated by considering various input costs, lot size and maximum inventory under fuzzy environment. The process of defuzzification is done by using the signed distance method. Numerical example and sensitivity analysis is given for calculating both crisp and fuzzy values of the total cost.

scholarly journals The Impact of Contingency Factors on the Sophistication of Costing Systems: Evidence from Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Hanen Moalla ◽  
Achref Mezouel
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Product Diversity ◽  
Cost Drivers ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Impact

This research investigates the impact of contingency factors on the sophisticationof costing systems in Tunisia. Sophistication is analyzed by using the following criteria:ABC systems, full costing systems, the number of cost pools in the first stage of allocationand the number of cost drivers in the second stage of allocation. Data were collected through a questionnaire next to 68 companies having a costingsystem. Findings show that contingency factors affect the sophistication of costingsystems and that company’s strategy and product diversity are the most important factors.These two contingency factors are related to different dimensions of the sophistication.Moreover, big-sized companies and manufacturing companies are more likely to adoptABC. In addition, the importance of cost information positively affects the use a fullcosting system and companies with high percentages of indirect costs have a greaternumber of cost pools. This piece of research is one of the rare studies dealing with the characteristics ofcosting systems. Previous research dealt basically with ABC and are mainly conducted indeveloped countries. This study adds to knowledge since it is conducted in a developingcountry and investigates the sophistication of costing systems.

Optimal design with variable cost and precision requirements

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1591-1597
Author(s):  
Margaret Penner
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Design Flexibility ◽  
The Cost

A method for incorporating variable costs and differing precision requirements into optimal design theory is developed and discussed. In many studies and experiments, particularly in the biological sciences, the cost of each observation can vary considerably depending on the attributes of the sample. Ignoring observation costs leads to designs that maximize precision for a given sample size. However, by incorporating costs, efficiency is maximized by optimizing precision per unit cost. An example is presented that demonstrates the efficiency of a weighted optimal design in comparison with several alternatives. The weighted optimal design is most efficient at meeting the experimenter's precision objectives. Comparing designs allows the introduction of additional criteria such as design flexibility into the evaluation process. Explicitly incorporating both cost and precision in the search for a sampling design ensures time is wisely spent considering study objectives, including precision requirements.

ANALISIS BIAYA SATUAN METODE ACTIVITY BASED COSTING DALAM EVALUASI TARIF PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI ERA JKN (Studi Kasus Pasien Stroke di Rumah Sakit Kristen Mojowarno)

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
. Soewatoen
Keyword(s):  
Unit Cost ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Severe Stroke ◽  
High Care ◽  
Mild Stroke ◽  
Christian Hospital ◽  
The Cost

Mojowarno Christian Hospital is an organization that is move in health services that produce multi-product, theratio of consumption of each product is different and significant indirect costs therefore needed to determine theservice tariff calculation of unit cost in the hospital with Activity Based Costing Method. The purpose of this studywas to determine the calculation of unit costs of care and outcomes of stroke patients fare calculation using theunit cost from Activity Based Costing method hospital compared with rates prevailing at the moment and ratesINA CBGs. This type of research is a qualitative case study. Based on calculations by the method of ActivityBased Costing obtained Unit Cost for Outpatient is Rp. 749.705, Unit Cost for Emergency Care Unit Mild Strokeis Rp 664.093;Medium Stroke Rp. 1.424.683, Severe Stroke Rp. 2.282.755,-. Unit Cost for Room type III MildStroke is Rp. 3.899.786, Medium Stroke Rp. 5.874.646, Severe Stroke Rp. 7.892.496; Unit Cost for Room type IIMild Stroke is Rp. 4.859.510, Medium Stroke Rp. 7.557.913, Severe Stroke Rp. 10.294.306; Unit Cost for Roomtype I Mild Stroke is Rp. 6.097.530, Medium Stroke Rp. 9.728.198, Severe Stroke Rp. 13.391.856; Unit Cost forVIP Room Mild Stroke is Rp. 10.953.150, Medium Stroke Rp. 18.240.533, Severe Stroke Rp. 25.540.906 ; UnitCost for High Care Unit Mild Stroke is Rp. 3.710.121, Medium Stroke Rp. 5.655.278, Severe StrokeRp. 9.477.309 and Unit Cost Intensive Care Unit Mild Stroke is Rp. 7.010.169, Medium Stroke Rp. 10.605.350,Severe Stroke Rp. 17.727.429,-.Each unit cost plus the cost of materials and direct labor costs, it can be seen thatthe cost of treatment of each disease severity have enough material price difference. It is because the higher theseverity of the disease makes the longer the treatment, the more use the service activities, and service facilities, itsmake the cost is higher. The comparison resoult showed that hospital rates prevailing at this time and the resultsof the calculation using the ABC method for stroke patients is higher than the rate of INA CBGs.

Strategic issues facing the european dairy industry post 1992

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 53-53
Author(s):  
C. J. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
European Community ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
Milk Processing ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Milk Market

Much has been written about the changing structure of dairy farming in Europe in the last decade, but comparatively little has been said about the processing sector. Yet the future market for milk largely depends on the success of the dairy trade in adapting to the new market environment. Accordingly, this paper concentrates on the pressures and strategic issues facing the milk processing sector in Europe. Certainly, in recent years it has had to cope with radical changes in both the production and consumption of dairy products. After several decades of uncontrolled expansion in milk production, the introduction of milk quotas by the European Community in 1984 was a rude shock. In general, the industry was still geared to an expanding milk market. Almost overnight, it was faced with the problem of excess processing capacity.

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