scholarly journals Regionalizacja rolnictwa na świecie

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rokicki ◽  
Magdalena Golonko ◽  
Aleksandra Perkowska
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
The World ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

The aim of the study was to assess the regionalization of agricultural production around the world and the changes that have occurred in this respect. The article presents the value of agricultural production in regions of the world defined by the continents. The source of the material was data from FAOSTAT. The period of research covered the years 2007-2014. The value of world agricultural production has steadily increased. Only at the time of the economic crisis in 2009 and in 2014 were declines seen in all areas other than Asia. There was a high concentration of agricultural production in Asia and Europe. There was a gradual relocation of production from Europe and North America to Asia and South America. These regularities have been confirmed also in the analysis of individual groups of agricultural products like cereals and animal products. At the same time, there was a very high concentration and a high degree of variation in agricultural production in the regions. Disproportions increased faster in food products than non-food products produced in agriculture.

scholarly journals Regionalizacja produkcji zwierzęcej na świecie

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (3) ◽  
pp. 272-281
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rokicki ◽  
Magdalena Golonko ◽  
Aleksandra Perkowska
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
The World ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

The aim of the study was to assess the regionalization of animal production in the world and the changes that have occurred in this respect. The article presents the value of animal production in regions of the world defined by the continents. The source of the material was data from FAOSTAT. The period of research covered the years 2007-2016. The value of world animal production has steadily increased. Only at the time of the economic crisis in 2009 and in 2014-2015 were declines seen in all areas. There was a high concentration of animal production that was concentrated in Asia and Europe. There was a gradual relocation of production from Europe and North America to Asia and South America. These regularities have been confirmed also in the analysis of individual groups of animal products like meat, milk and eggs. At the same time, there was a very high concentration and a high degree of variation in animal production in the regions. Disproportions increased faster in meat and egg production than in milk production.

CONCENTRATION AND REGIONALIZATION OF AGRICULTURE IN THE WORLD

2021 ◽  
Vol XIII (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Magdalena Golonko ◽  
Marcin Wysokiński ◽  
Arkadiusz Gromada
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Period

The main purpose of the article was to assess the regionalization of agricultural production in the world and the changes occurring in this aspect. The article presents the concentration level of agricultural production in the world by continent. The source of materials was data from FAOSTAT. The research period covered the years 2004 - 2016. In the analyzed period, the value of gross agricultural production doubled. Various trends were observed within the period studied. In the years 2004-2010, in all regions of the world, there was an increase in gross production of agriculture, while in the period 2010-2016 only in two – North America and Asia. It was noted that there was a high concentration of agricultural production, mainly concentrated in Asia and Europe. In the analyzed period, there was a relative increase in the share of agricultural production in Asia and South America as compared to other regions. Individual groups of agricultural products, such as cereals and animal production, were also analyzed. In both cases, concentration was different. The pace of concentration in animal production was higher than in plant production.

scholarly journals Analysis of export of agricultural products in the context of the global food crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
Hassan Ali Al-Ababneh ◽  
Ainur Osmonova ◽  
Ilona Dumanska ◽  
Petro Matkovskyi ◽  
Andriy Kalynovskyy
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Food Crisis ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
Regional Context ◽  
The World

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to study the nature, main trends and problematic aspects of realization of the export potential of agricultural production in the countries of South America, OECD, North America and Europe in the context of aggravating food crisis. Methodology / approach. Theoretical and empirical methods of cognition are used in their dialectical combination. The main methods used in this study are statistical analysis, index, graphical and analytical methods, methods for estimating structural dynamic shifts, comparisons and monographic method. The study also involved general methods of economic research, in particular: theoretical generalization and comparison, induction and deduction are used in revealing the content of the export potential of agricultural production, drawing conclusions; the current condition and tendencies of development of export of agricultural products is estimated by means of synthesis and the economic analysis; graphic, economic, statistical and interstate comparisons are used to analyse the export of agricultural products; statistical methods (grouping) are applied to assess the domestic and external export potential of agricultural products in the regional context. The influence of external and domestic export potential on wheat exports is studied by regression analysis. Results. The need to ensure food security by countries around the world urges the importance of the agricultural sector as a catalyst for economic development, sources of foreign exchange earnings, investment direction, etc. The study of agricultural specialization led to the conclusion that wheat and sugar are goods with the highest export potential. It is substantiated that the countries of South America, OECD, North America and Europe have the highest level of fulfilment of export potential of agricultural production, and African countries are import-dependent. Besides, the low export orientation of Africa and Asia due to the peculiarities of their natural and climatic conditions is established based on the assessment of export-import operations in the regional context. The internal and external export potential of each of the regions is analysed. The direct correlation between the exports volume and area of land used for wheat cultivation, as well as with its yield, was established through the correlation and regression analysis. Originality / scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the results of the study is that the authors were the first who carried out a comprehensive analysis of the potential capacity and ability to increase exports of agricultural products in the world and by product groups. The essence and features of economic representation of export potential of agricultural products at the international and national levels are determined. The main factors influencing the development of the export potential of agricultural products in the regional context are outlined and their influence is investigated by carrying out the regression analysis. The study of domestic and foreign export potential by regions of the world is further developed. Practical value / implications. The analysis of the internal and external export potential of agricultural production was carried out in the regional context, which resulted in the identification of the main recommendations for increasing their level in order to enhance the development of the agro-industrial sector of the economy.

scholarly journals Passengers' destinations from China: low risk of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) transmission into Africa and South America

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmul Haider ◽  
Alexei Yavlinsky ◽  
David Simons ◽  
Abdinasir Yusuf Osman ◽  
Francine Ntoumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Very High

Abstract Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV [SARS-COV-2]) was detected in humans during the last week of December 2019 at Wuhan city in China, and caused 24 554 cases in 27 countries and territories as of 5 February 2020. The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of transmission of 2019-nCoV through human passenger air flight from four major cities of China (Wuhan, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou) to the passengers' destination countries. We extracted the weekly simulated passengers' end destination data for the period of 1–31 January 2020 from FLIRT, an online air travel dataset that uses information from 800 airlines to show the direct flight and passengers' end destination. We estimated a risk index of 2019-nCoV transmission based on the number of travellers to destination countries, weighted by the number of confirmed cases of the departed city reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). We ranked each country based on the risk index in four quantiles (4th quantile being the highest risk and 1st quantile being the lowest risk). During the period, 388 287 passengers were destined for 1297 airports in 168 countries or territories across the world. The risk index of 2019-nCoV among the countries had a very high correlation with the WHO-reported confirmed cases (0.97). According to our risk score classification, of the countries that reported at least one Coronavirus-infected pneumonia (COVID-19) case as of 5 February 2020, 24 countries were in the 4th quantile of the risk index, two in the 3rd quantile, one in the 2nd quantile and none in the 1st quantile. Outside China, countries with a higher risk of 2019-nCoV transmission are Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Canada and the USA, all of which reported at least one case. In pan-Europe, UK, France, Russia, Germany and Italy; in North America, USA and Canada; in Oceania, Australia had high risk, all of them reported at least one case. In Africa and South America, the risk of transmission is very low with Ethiopia, South Africa, Egypt, Mauritius and Brazil showing a similar risk of transmission compared to the risk of any of the countries where at least one case is detected. The risk of transmission on 31 January 2020 was very high in neighbouring Asian countries, followed by Europe (UK, France, Russia and Germany), Oceania (Australia) and North America (USA and Canada). Increased public health response including early case recognition, isolation of identified case, contract tracing and targeted airport screening, public awareness and vigilance of health workers will help mitigate the force of further spread to naïve countries.

Atriplex retusa, the correct name for A. deserticola (Chenopodiaceae; Amaranthaceae sensu APG)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
TIM BÖHNERT ◽  
FEDERICO LUEBERT ◽  
MAXIMILIAN WEIGEND
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
The World ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
America South

The genus Atriplex Linnaeus (1753: 1052) (Chenopodiaceae Vent.; placed in Amaranthaceae Juss. s. l. in APG IV 2016) comprises about 300 species distributed mainly in subtropical, temperate, and subarctic regions of the world and is mostly adapted to dry conditions on often saline soils (Sukhorukov & Danin 2009, Kadereit et al. 2010, Iamonico 2013, APG IV 2016). The genus is highly diverse in Eurasia, Australia and North America. South America is another centre of diversity with ca. 55 species, 45 of which are considered as native (Brignone et al. 2016). A recent and exhaustive taxonomical synopsis of Atriplex for South America was published by Brignone et al. (2016), but there are also regional taxonomic revisions, e.g., for Chile by Rosas (1989), or Argentina by Múlgura de Romero (1981, 1982 & 1984).

Spain and the War

1917 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Agricultural Resources ◽  
Artificial Stimulus ◽  
The Cost ◽  
At Home

Like other neutral nations of Europe, Spain has been tremendously affected by the war. Though she has not been brought into such close contact with the great struggle as have Holland and the Scandinavian countries, because of her distance from the battlefields and the comparative insignificance of her commercial interests, she has nevertheless felt and is still feeling a great strain, the chief characteristics of which are economic. The cost of living in Spain has increased several fold. This is due in part to the difficulty in obtaining both manfactured articles and coal for her own industries and in part to the great scarcity of agricultural products: the result of the short-sighted policy followed up to the present of exporting food products which should have been retained at home. Though possessed of a greater arable area in proportion to her population than any other country in Europe except Russia, the methods of agricultural production in Spain are wofully deficient. As a result of her own backwardness and her failure to develop either her industrial or her agricultural resources, Spain is now suffering, to a lesser degree possibly, the same inconveniences which are disturbing Germany, France and England: namely, a scarcity of food; and she does not possess the artificial stimulus which those countries have to aid in overcoming it.

The Global Competitiveness and Comparative Advantages of Agri-Food Sectors

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Balance

In this chapter the emphasis was put on the analysis of indicators of Agri-food sector at the global level, aimed to point out readers to the level of global competitiveness and comparative advantage of Agri-food sector. After reading this chapter readers will be informed on the current structure of agricultural production. They will be able to understand the connection between changes in arable land in the world with the current trend in agricultural production. Readers will be able to understand the role and significance of agricultural and food products production, as the potential for the performance on international market. Indicators of trade of agri-food products, volume of export/import, balance and the coverage of import by export will be analysed. Readers will be able to evaluate the role of some products in turnover globally. They will understand which products are the carriers of export/import in the world and whether such position is in correlation with the existence of a positive comparative advantage of export and intra-industrial exchange. Readers will find out that the foreign exchange of food has a negative balance, which affects the existence of a negative comparative advantage of agri-food products export. They will be introduced also to other authors' attitudes. Special contribution of this chapter is in defining the directives for future research.

First record of Stenostomum sphagnetorum (Platyhelminthes, Catenulida) from India

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4816 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-396
Author(s):  
DAIZY BHARTI ◽  
FRANCISCO BRUSA ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR ◽  
KAILASH CHANDRA
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Ganga River ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Free Living ◽  
First Report ◽  
The World

Catenulida are mostly inhabitants of freshwater ecosystems, like ponds, streams, though the marine species are few (Larsson and Willems, 2010). About 110 species of catenulids are known worldwide, with most of the studies conducted in South America (Marcus, 1945a, 1945b; Noreña et al., 2005), North America (Kepner and Carter 1931; Nuttycombe and Waters, 1938) and Scandinavian Peninsula (Luther, 1960, Larsson and Willems, 2010; Larsson et al., 2008). The diversity of catenulids from India has not been studied intensively; however some reports on other turbellaria exists for the country (Annandale, 1912; Whitehouse, 1913; Kapadia, 1947; Basil and Fernando, 1975; Apte and Pitale, 2011; Kalita and Goswami, 2012; Venkataraman et al., 2015). The genus Stenostomum, however, has been studied extensively around the world with identification of over 60 species (Tyler et al., 2006-2016). This is first report of the genus from India. The present study was part of the project to catalogue the diversity of free living protozoan ciliates from the Hooghly stretch of the Ganga River during which the flatworms were found. The worms were studied based on the live observations, with recognition of characters which led to its identification. This study serves to fill knowledge gap in the freshwater flatworms from India. 

Basilotritus uheni, a new cetacean (Cetacea, Basilosauridae) from the late middle Eocene of eastern Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Gol'din ◽  
Evgenij Zvonok
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Nomina Dubia

A new basal basilosaurid cetacean, Basilotritus uheni n. gen. n. sp., comes from the late middle Eocene (Bartonian) of Ukraine. It is the earliest dated record of a cetacean from Eastern Europe. The tympanic bulla of Basilotritus uheni shares basilosaurid synapomorphies but possesses unusual traits inherited from protocetids. Cetaceans related to Basilotritus uheni and referred to as Eocetus or “Eocetus” have been recorded from Africa, Europe, North America and South America. “Eocetus” wardii from North America is recombined as Basilotritus wardii. Platyosphys paulsonii and Platyosphys einori from Ukraine are considered as nomina dubia; specimens prior referred to as Platyosphys sp. are similar or related to Basilotritus. Other records of the Eocene cetaceans from Ukraine and south Russia are identified as Basilotritus or related genera. Early basilosaurids are demonstrated to be a paraphyletic, morphologically and geographically diverse group of the genera that colonized the world ocean as late as in Bartonian age and were probably the ancestors of Neoceti, as well as of more derived basilosaurids.

scholarly journals Satellite television transmission in the world - broadcasting systems and standards

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e44957
Author(s):  
Branimir Jaksic ◽  
Dragisa Miljkovic ◽  
Vladimir Maksimovic ◽  
Mile Petrovic ◽  
Branko Gvozdic
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Satellite Television ◽  
The World ◽  
America South ◽  
Pay Tv

This paper considers the characteristics of satellite television transmission in the world. An overview of the development of satellite television is given through the following characteristics: broadcasting systems - analog and digital (SDTV, HDTV, UHDTV), frequency band (C, Ku, Ka), broadcasting standards (DVB-S, DVB-S2, DigiCipher, DSS), as well as the availability of TV services Free-To-Air TV (FTA) and PAY TV. All of these characteristics were considered both at the global and at the regional level: North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Russia, Asia, and Australia. The gathered data are presented in tabular form and presented graphically for the period from 1996 to 2018. Based on the presented results, an analysis of the development of satellite television transmission was carried out in accordance with the characteristics of the broadcast.

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