scholarly journals Effects of different drought treatments on root and shoot development of the tomato wild type and flacca mutant

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1167-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Prokic ◽  
Radmila Stikic
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Partial Root Drying

The effects of drought and partial root drying (PRD) on shoot and root growth was assessed in the wild type Ailsa Craig (WT) and the flacca tomato mutant deficient in the plant hormone ABA. Our results show that drought had an inhibitory effect on shoot growth in flacca and especially in WT; the most profound effect was observed in FI (full irrigation), then PRD and the smallest in D plants. Root development in both WT and flacca was stimulated after the 3rd day of the experiment following a decrease in the soil water content. On the 11th day of the experiment, when the soil water content was reduced by about 50% of full irrigation (FI), the root density was increased in the drying part of the PDR and on both sides of the drought treatment. On the basis of these results it can be assumed that increased root density and root length represent an adaptation or root adjustment to drought conditions.

The Effects of Temperature and Humidity on a Field Population of Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1927-1932
Author(s):  
Cai-hua Shi ◽  
Jing-rong Hu ◽  
You-jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Beijing City ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

Abstract The production of Chinese chives is reduced throughout China due to a root-feeding dipteran pest Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang (Diptera: Sciaridae), therefore deciphering the conditions influencing its growth and development are important in developing ecological control strategies. A study was conducted from 2014 to 2017 to determine the relationship between the abundance of B. odoriphaga and temperature (atmospheric and soil), soil water content, and atmospheric humidity in a Chinese chive field in Beijing City, China. Numbers of adults peaked in March and October to November and were lowest in July to August and December to next February; numbers of larvae were highest in December to next February and lowest in July to August. From 2014 to 2017, the numbers of adults and larvae were significantly correlated with monthly mean atmospheric temperatures and soil temperatures, but were not significantly correlated with monthly mean atmospheric relative humidity and soil water content. However, for both adults and larvae, numbers were significantly greater with high soil water contents compared with drought treatment. The results of this study suggest that the very low soil water contents, high atmospheric temperatures, and high soil temperatures were critical for regulating field populations of B. odoriphaga.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL WATER CONTENT ON ROOT DENSITY IN YOUNG OLIVE TREES

2000 ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Palese ◽  
V. Nuzzo ◽  
B. Dichio ◽  
G. Celano ◽  
M. Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Olive Trees

Estimating mesophyll and biochemical limitations to carbon assimilation of potato crop during drought

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Beauclaire ◽  
Bernard Longdoz
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
The Impact

<p>Understanding how plant crops respond to drought is essential for both improving photosynthesis modelling and predicting the impacts of climate change on agricultural production. Over the past years, researches have focused on identifying the stomatal processes that restrict the net photosynthetic rate and quantifying the importance and how different factors limit it. However, the constraints to photosynthesis coming from perturbation in the mechanisms taking place from sub-stomatal cavities to carboxylation sites in chloroplasts are not yet fully understood especially in plant crops. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of drought on the light-limited photosynthesis rate for potato (<em>Solanum Tubersosum</em>) by measuring the photosynthesis limitations and partitioning them between stomatal, mesophyll and biochemical constrains during a field-experiment that took place in Wallonia during the summer 2020. Gas-exchange and fluorescence techniques were used to quantify mesophyll conductance (g<sub>m</sub>), stomatal conductance (g<sub>s</sub>), Rubisco carboxylation rate (V<sub>cmax</sub>) and electron transport rate (J<sub>max</sub>) in response to low soil water content during the tuber development stage. We obtained a clear reduction of the leaf assimilation and performed a limitation analysis identifying which factor contributed the most to the light-saturated photosynthetic rate (A<sub>n</sub>) decrease. During the one-month drought treatment, A<sub>n</sub>, g<sub>m</sub>, J<sub>max</sub> and V<sub>cmax</sub> significantly decreased when the relative extractable water (REW) passed below a threshold ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 . On the opposite, g<sub>1</sub>, the slope of the g<sub>s</sub> dependence on environmental factors, remained constant. When soil water was not limiting, most of the light-saturated photosynthetic rate variation was explained by VPD while mesophyll and biochemical influence progressively increased when soil water content declined. At the maximum drought intensity, g<sub>m</sub> and V<sub>cmax</sub> reduction explained respectively 40 % and 30% of the light-saturated photosynthetic rate decrease. The coexistence of aerial drought (high VPD) accounted only for 3% of the total limitation. This highlights the importance of mesophyll and biochemical limitations on potato photosynthesis and development.</p>

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Continuous and Discrete Plant and Soil Water Status Monitoring in Peach Trees Subjected to Deficit Irrigation

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Goldhamer ◽  
Elias Fereres ◽  
Merce Mata ◽  
Joan Girona ◽  
Moshe Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Peach Trees

To characterize tree responses to water deficits in shallow and deep rooted conditions, parameters developed using daily oscillations from continuously measured soil water content and trunk diameter were compared with traditional discrete monitoring of soil and plant water status in lysimeter and field-grown peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch `O'Henry']. Evaluation occurred during the imposition of deficit irrigation for 21 days followed by full irrigation for 17 days. The maximum daily available soil water content fluctuations (MXAWCF) taken at any of the four monitored root zone depths responded most rapidly to the deficit irrigation. The depth of the MXAWCF increased with time during the deficit irrigation. Differences relative to a fully irrigated control were greater in the lysimeter than the field-grown trees. Minimum daily trunk diameter (MNTD) and maximum daily trunk shrinkage (MDS) responded sooner than midday stem water potential (stem Ψ), predawn or midday leaf water potential (predawn leaf Ψ and leaf Ψ), or photosynthesis (A). Parameters based on trunk diameter monitoring, including maximum daily trunk diameter (MXTD), correlated well with established physiological parameters of tree water status. Statistical analysis of the differences in the measured parameters relative to fully irrigated trees during the first 10 days of deficit irrigation ranked the sensitivity of the parameters in the lysimeter as MXAWCF > MNTD > MDS > MXTD > stem Ψ = A = predawn leaf Ψ = leaf Ψ. Equivalent analysis with the field-grown trees ranked the sensitivity of the parameters as MXAWCF > MNTD > MDS > stem Ψ = leaf Ψ = MXTD = predawn leaf Ψ > A. Following a return to full irrigation in the lysimeter, MDS and all the discrete measurements except A quickly returned to predeficit irrigation levels. Tree recovery in the field-grown trees was slower and incomplete due to inadequate filling of the root zone. Fruit size was significantly reduced in the lysimeter while being minimally affected in the field-grown trees. Parameters only available from continuous monitoring hold promise for improving the precision of irrigation decision-making over the use of discrete measurements.

scholarly journals The critical soil water content and its relation to soil water dynamics

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (spe) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. de Jong Van Uer
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics

Using an edaphic model that describes the extraction of soil water by plant roots, the occurrence of depletion zones dose to plant roots is demonstrated. These depletion zones affect the root water potential that is needed to maintain a certain transpiration rate. The results show how the critical soil water content depends on soil's hydraulic properties, transpiration rate and root density.

Fibrous root growth and water use of sugar beet

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay F. Brown ◽  
P. V. Biscoe
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Fibrous Root

SUMMARYDevelopment of the fibrous root system of sugar beet was studied by washing soil samples taken from field experiments through the growing season. At the beginning of June the root system was still poorly developed but during June there was rapid proliferation. In the top 70 cm there was only little further increase in root density after the end of June. Below 70 cm root density increased up to the end of August. Throughout the season fibrous root density decreased with depth. Despite the origin of the lateral roots from two grooves on the storage root, fibrous root distributions at each depth around individual plants were essentially uniform from mid-June onwards. In the absence of nitrogen fertilizer, fibrous root development exceeded that of a crop given fertilizer, particularly at depths greater than 50 cm early in the season. The maximum value of root density was 2·8 cm/cm3 soil recorded in the top 10 cm in mid-September. Compared with published data for other crops, the sugar-beet root system was sparser than that of winter wheat or maize but denser than that of a soya bean or cassava.Soil water content was measured with a neutron probe. Inflows to roots were calculated from soil water content changes in different soil layers. In the top 30 cm, inflows ranged up to 10·8 μl water/cm root.day and were up to five times higher than published inflows for winter wheat. At 30–100 cm sugar beet and winter wheat inflows were generally similar. The 0–30 and 30–120 cm layers contributed about 80 and 20% respectively of the total water use by sugar beet while no uptake was recorded below 110 cm. Previous studies have shown that sugar beet often takes up water from soil deeper than 110 cm, although it is not unknown for the depth of water removal to be restricted.

SOIL WATER CONTENT AFFECTS THE AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHATE

1985 ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
M.C.H.Mouat Pieter Nes
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Equivalent Reduction

Reduction in water content of a soil increased the concentration of ammonium and nitrate in solution, but had no effect on the concentration of phosphate. The corresponding reduction in the quantity of phosphate in solution caused an equivalent reduction in the response of ryegrass to applied phosphate. Keywords: soil solution, soil water content, phosphate, ryegrass, nutrition.

Effect of inter-row cultivation on soil carbon dioxide emission in a peach plantation

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tóth ◽  
Cs. Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water Content

Soil biological properties and CO2emission were compared in undisturbed grass and regularly disked rows of a peach plantation. Higher nutrient content and biological activity were found in the undisturbed, grass-covered rows. Significantly higher CO2fluxes were measured in this treatment at almost all the measurement times, in all the soil water content ranges, except the one in which the volumetric soil water content was higher than 45%. The obtained results indicated that in addition to the favourable effect of soil tillage on soil aeration, regular soil disturbance reduces soil microbial activity and soil CO2emission.

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