scholarly journals The melliferous potential of apiflora of southwestern Vojvodina (Serbia)

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Macukanovic-Jocic ◽  
Snezana Jaric
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Ruderal Vegetation ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Number Percentage ◽  
Percentage Abundance

The individual and community-level melliferous potential of apiflora was evaluated in southwestern Vojvodina in order to assess its significance and contribution to the bee pasture. Seven plant communities belonging to ruderal, segetal and floodplain type of vegetation, with a total of 279 plant species were registered. Apifloristic and phytocoenological investigations included the determination and analysis of honey plants using the following parameters: total number, percentage, abundance and frequency of these species in the communities, as well as their intensity of pollen and nectar production. The coenotic coefficient of melliferousness (CCm) indicating the melliferous potential of each community, was calculated based on the above parameters. Although the greatest number of melliferous species was found in the ass. Chenopodio-Ambrosietum artemisiifoliae (132), the highest percentage (80%) of them was registered in the ass. Consolido-Polygonetum avicularis. Considering the coefficients of nectar and pollen production, the most valuable honey plants commonly present in the majority of communities were: Cirsium arvense, Rubus caesius, Lythrum salicaria, Daucus carota, Trifolium pratense, Dipsacus laciniatus, Medicago sativa, Asclepias syriaca, Cichorium intybus and Taraxacum officinale. The low abundance and frequency of melliferous species within the Consolido-Polygonetum avicularis, Polygonetum convolvulo-avicularis and Populetum nigrae-albae communities indicated their poor contribution to the bee pasture. Within ruderal vegetation, the highest CCm was registered in Amorpho-Typhaetum, providing, theoretically, the richest food resource for the honeybees in the investigated area.

scholarly journals Aging effect on nectar production in two clones of Asclepias syriaca

Oecologia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Southwick ◽  
E. E. Southwick
Keyword(s):  
Aging Effect ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Nectar Production

Effect of flower complexity on relearning flower-handling skills in bumble bees

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2052-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Gegear ◽  
Terence M. Laverty
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Access Time ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Flower Constancy ◽  
Flower Handling ◽  
Interference Hypothesis

Pollinators often forage sequentially among the flowers of the same plant species while bypassing flowers of other rewarding species. Darwin proposed that it is more efficient for pollinators to remain constant to one plant species because switching to a second species interferes with their ability to recall a previously learned flower-handling technique. This interference hypothesis was tested using Bombus impatiens workers. Bees that had learned to handle one type of flower (species A) were retested on species A after they had learned to handle a second type of flower (species B). Interference effects were detected by comparing flower access times (time to insert the tongue into the flower) during the retesting period with initial access times on species A. Bees retested on both simple (red clover, Trifolium pratense) and complex (toadflax, Linaria vulgaris) flowers showed no evidence of interference after learning simple-flowered plant species (blueweed, Echium vulgare; purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria). However, bees relearning the complex flowers of toadflax showed a 2.2-s (81%) increase over their initial access time after switching to a second complex-flowered species (orange touch-me-not, Impatiens capensis). These results suggest that the interference effects incurred by bees switching between toadflax and orange touch-me-not under biologically realistic conditions are relatively small, and are unlikely to account for flower constancy in bumble bees.

COLOR INFRARED AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY TO IDENTIFY FORAGE LEGUMES IN HAY FIELDS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. BASU
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Image Characteristics ◽  
Mixed Crop ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Agricultural Areas

In September 1977 and 1978, color infrared (CIR) aerial photographs of mixed agricultural areas (approx. 132.7 km2) near Vernon and Carp, Ontario, and of forage legume test plots at Ottawa were taken at a scale of 1:6000. Extensive ground surveys were conducted within 2 wk after the photographic flights to verify CIR images of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), vetch (Vicia spp.) grasses and their mixtures in the original transparencies. A number of photographic image characteristics of legumes and grasses have been illustrated by which a reliable identification and subsequent quantification of legume components were made, particularly in fields that showed decline of a crop or when the individual components grew as separate patches in the same field. Photo-interpretation difficulties existed in distinguishing the components in a very uniformly mixed crop and recently cut fields.

scholarly journals Ecological and economical aspects of phytocenosis formation at the fallowing areas

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Wojciech Jabłoński ◽  
Maria Widera
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Control Object ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Achillea Millefolium ◽  
The Third ◽  
Agropyron Repens

In the third year after sowing the great elimination of dangerous weeds, as <em>Agropyron repens</em> and <em>Cirsium arvense</em>, was confirmed on plots where the mixtures with grass and clover had been sown; in the control object (O - without sowing), <em>Agropyron repens</em> and other weeds has spread to 100%. The best and the most cheap has been the mixture of 30% <em>Trifolium pratense</em>, 60% <em>Phleum pratense</em> and addition of <em>Achillea millefolium</em> plants.

scholarly journals TO THE FAUNA OF BIVALVE MOLLUSCS OF THE DAGESTAN COAST OF THE CASPIAN SEA

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina V. Khlopkova ◽  
Magomedzagid K. Guseynov ◽  
Kais M. Guseynov ◽  
Aysha Sh. Gasanova
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Bivalve Mollusks ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Main Food ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Individual

Aim. The aim is to study bivalve mollusks of the Dagestan zone of the Caspian Sea as the main feed for all the fish fauna in modern conditions. Material and methods. For the study, are used the materials received in the period of spring-autumn 2015-2017. The collection of material and data processing was carried out according to traditional methods. For the study of nutrition, 30 specimens of each fish species were opened. Such feeding characteristics as the composition of food and the ratio of feed components are given. In the study of shells of bivalve mollusks, the following morphological parameters were measured: length (L), height (H), convexity (Con.), in accordance with the most common measurement technique. Were calculated the allometric coefficients for each year of the life of the individual: the coefficient of elongation (the ratio of height to length), the convexity coefficient (the ratio of convexity to the height). Results. At all periods of the level regime, mollusks are the main food resource of the Caspian Sea. At present they form the basis of the food bolus of the investigated commercial fish species. In June 2017, 25 km north of the city of Makhachkala, after a storm, we found 109 shells of Corbicula fluminalis (O.F. Müller, 1774) (a new invasive atypical species for the investigated aquatorium), the third part of which still had the remains of the ligament. The species was the third most abundant and represented by specimens of all age stages. Conclusions. At present, there are fluctuations in the biomass of the autocolonizers Cerastoderma lamarcki (Reeve), Mytilaster lineatus (Gmelin) and Abra ovata (Philippi), as well as a significant reduction in the range of autochthonous Caspian species, mainly Didacna Eichw. Bivalve mollusks are the main food resource of the Caspian Sea. In conditions of increasing anthropogenic load, further detailed studies of the Caspian's malacofauna are needed.

Flower-visitors, nectar production, and inflorescence size of Asclepias syriaca

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1380-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Willson ◽  
R. I. Bertin
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Floral Display ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Inflorescence Size ◽  
Visitation Rates ◽  
The Common

Spatial and temporal variation in insect visitation rates are analyzed with respect to nectar production and inflorescence size of Asclepias syriaca L., the common milkweed. Nectar sugar production peaked in the afternoon and evening but this trend was not paralleled by visitations of native insects (either vectors or thieves). The main pollinia vectors were noctuid moths at night and honey bees (Apis mellifera) in the afternoon. Vector visitation rates were highest at the beginning (native species) or middle (total vectors) of the blooming season, declining markedly toward the end, probably as a result of decreasing frequencies of A. syriaca flowers. Large inflorescences attracted more vectors and more thieves and a higher proportion of all visits were made by vectors but the species composition of visitors did not usually change with inflorescence size. We discuss the possibility that honey bees may provide major 'new' selection pressures on floral display, nectar production patterns, and flowering phenology in the common milkweed.

A Statistical Comparison of the Two-Source δ15N and 15N Isotope Dilution Methods for Estimating Plant N2-Fixation using Trifolium pratense and Lolium perenne

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Brendel ◽  
C. Wheeler ◽  
L. Handley
Keyword(s):  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Isotopic Enrichment ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Signal Ratio ◽  
15N Enrichment ◽  
Uniform Background ◽  
The Individual

In field studies, 15N-enriched and 15N-natural abundance methods may yield similar mean estimates for N2-fixation, but with no correlation of the individual estimates. This study was designed as a glasshouse-based microcosm and aimed to remove the landform and weather variables found in previous field studies, while retaining other sources of variability such as mineralisation of organic N and whatever slight variations of environment may exist in the glasshouse. The results showed little or no correspondence among the estimates of N2-fixation at the three 15N-enrichment levels; however, estimates were consistent within each 15N-enrichment level. There was also no correlation between the results of acetylene reduction and those of any of the isotopic enrichment treatments. If the isotopic 15N-enrichment levels measured the same processes with varying accuracies, then the general patterns of the replicated results from each enrichment level should resemble each other against a generally uniform background. They did not. Hence, we conclude that the observed differences are due to unknown factors in addition to the varying noise-to-signal ratio at different enrichment levels.

Evaluation of the apicultural value of sunflower hybrids

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zajácz ◽  
T. Szalai ◽  
G. Mészáros
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Partial Data ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
Production Value ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

Sunflower is one of the most important bee-pasture crops and the leading oil crop plant in Hungary. There are very few studies concerning the nectar production of the plant, most of which consist only of partial data that show the apicultural value of sunflower under intensive cultivation conditions.The nectar production and nectar sugar concentration of six sunflower hybrids, Arena, Alexandra, Cledor, Coriste, Hysun 321 PR and Louidor, were examined in Mezőhegyes (south-east Hungary) from 2002 to 2004. The aim was to determine the nectar production and overall apicultural value of the hybrids. In the experiment the agroecological conditions were also examined and recorded. These agroecological conditions showed a distinctive effect on the consistency of the apicultural values of the hybrids.It can be determined from the results that the nectar production and its sugar content can be modified measurably by external factors. The nectar quantity was measurably increased by abundant precipitation during flowering, while an increase in the nectar sugar content was caused by excessively low air temperature. During these three years the average nectar production of the hybrids was 0.147 mg/floret, with a sugar content of 48.8%. Significant differences were found between the hybrids in nectar production and in the nectar sugar concentration.Averaged over three years Coriste displayed the best apicultural value. Its nectar production was stable and high (0.167 mg/floret). Its high sugar content (49.1%) also proved to be attractive to honey bees (sugar value 0.082). The lowest apicultural value was displayed by the hybrid Alexandra, with a sugar value of 0.059. This suggests that the honey production value of the individual hybrids should be taken into consideration during the selection of bee pastures.

Effectiveness of diurnal and nocturnal pollination of two milkweeds

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (16) ◽  
pp. 1744-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. Bertin ◽  
Mary F. Willson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Selective Abortion ◽  
Nocturnal Pollinators ◽  
Diurnal Species

The relative effectiveness of diurnal and nocturnal pollinators of two milkweed species, Asclepias syriaca and A. vcerticillata, was assessed experimentally and related to patterns of nectar production. Nocturnal pollinators inserted and removed fewer pollinia than diurnal vectors but caused equal pod set, and in A. syriaca, caused greater seed set. We suggest that observed peak nectar production patterns are adaptive in attracting nocturnal pollinators that may be of higher quality than diurnal species. This is one of the first attempts to compare the relative effectiveness of diurnal and nocturnal pollinators of any plant species. The excess of vector visits over that needed to obtain maximum pod set may allow selective abortion and (or) be adaptive in increasing reproductive success through pollinia donation.

The Social Organization of a Small Captive Group of Eland, Oryx and Roan Antelope With an Analysis of Personality Profiles

Behaviour ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kiley-Worthington
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Captive Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
Roan Antelope ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe social organisation of a captive herd of 13 eland, 1 adult male roan antelope, and one adult male cape oryx was studied at a limited food resource in a confined area. The importance of a "dominance hierarchy" in controlling relationships between individuals was assessed by comparing rank orders for the performance and receipt of threats and, separately, withdrawals. Correlations between the individual rankings for "threats" and "withdrawn from" was good (p<0.01). This suggests that a "dominance hierarchy" had been established in this group, and it could be assessed by scoring aggression (threats) or avoidance (withdrawals). However, the high number of threats (13.8 per hour) indicates that the dominance hierarchy was not particularly rigid. Other than at the food, there were few interactions related to conflict. The importance of measuring other forms of interaction such as grooming, interest in other animals and displaying to other animals in order to understand group organisation is emphasised. A description of the social organisation of the group in terms of roles is considered. The complexity of relationships between individuals as shown by all these behaviours suggests that neither "dominance" hierarchy, nor roles are adequated for understanding the organisation of the group. A further measure, which is the extent to which individuals are involved in interaction with others (i.e. socially involved) is proposed, and it is found that sub-adults are consistently low on this score, whereas adults vary. Another measure of individual behaviour proposed is the extent to which the animal is a performer or receiver of the various behaviours. These measures are open to criticism, (as are concepts such as "dominance hierarchy" and "roles") on the basis of being unsophisticated blanket terms and therefore mis-leading since they tell little about individual relationships. As a result of the difference between individuals in the various interactions scored, it is clear that the only way to understand the group structure in detail is to draw up personality profiles. This was done using the six types of interactions that were measured. The profiles of the individuals represented in this way confirm their uniqueness even within one age or sex class. Similarities in related animals in several parameters is evident however.

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