Crocheted Indonesian Language Learning with the Environment

Indonesian language learning with the environment is very influential. It is proved that inthe questionnaire higher number percentage strongly agree and agree rather than disagree andagree. Environmental education can be put into direct learning Indonesian language. Students candiintruksikan to make the text being studied with the theme of the environment. According to theauthor crocheted Indonesian language learning environment can facilitate teachers and students inteaching and understanding the material bahasa Indonesia motivating, creative, fun, andrewarding. The author hopes that menerapan environmental education that exist in Indonesianlanguage learning can make the environment better for the future.

Health Care Technologies and Nursing Care

Background: The Evaluation of Health Technologies is a multidisciplinary activity that systematically, transparent, impartial, effectively summarizing the safety, clinical efficacy and effectiveness, cost, cost-effectiveness, organizational mplications, social consequences, legal, ethical and organizational considerations of the application of a health technology The Evaluation of Health Technologies has significantly improved the decision-making process. To evaluate the reliability of technological measuring devices used in patient care. Methods: This study is a descriptive and observational study. The research was conducted between December 2019-April 2020 in Mardin Province hospitals. The population of the study consisted of 245 patients who were hospitalized in the clinics of these hospitals, over the age of 18 and 65 years agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected through a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (number, percentage and average) were used to evaluate the data. In order to conduct the study, written permission was obtained from the relevant institutions, ethics committee permission from the university and written consent from the individuals participating in the study. Results: The average age of the patients participating in the study was 42 years, and 35.1% were male, 64.9% were female, 82.0% were married and 69.4% were literate or primary school graduates. It was determined that 45% of the patients had at least one chronic disease and 38% of them used medication continuously. While the mean hunger blood glucose levels of the patients participating in the study were 128 mg / dl in measurements with the glucometer device, blood glucose laboratory levels obtained from the vein were found to be 122 mg / dl. Pulses of the patients were found to be 85 / min on average with a pulse oximeter device, and 87 / min on average in measurement by palpation from the artery method. While the temperature measurement average values of the patients were found to be 36.6 ° C with the forehead non-contact measurement device, the average temperature was found to be 35.7 ° C with the armpit digital measurement device. Conclusion: The use of technology in nursing care applications is an indispensable element. However, for the safe use of technological devices in nursing care, it is extremely important to measure the measurement devices used correctly. Significant differences were detected in the blood glucose levels measured with the glucometer device. We can say that there is a difference in thermometers, but pulse oximetry devices measure safely. More comprehensive research is recommended on this subject.

A Comparative Study of Diffusion Fiber Reconstruction Models for Pyramidal Tract Branches

Currently, comparative studies evaluating the quantification accuracy of pyramidal tracts (PT) and PT branches that were tracked based on four mainstream diffusion models are deficient. The present study aims to evaluate four mainstream models using the high-quality Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), diffusion spectral imaging (DSI), generalized Q-space sampling imaging (GQI), and Q-ball imaging (QBI) were used to construct the PT and PT branches in 50 healthy volunteers from the HCP. False and true PT fibers were identified based on anatomic information. One-way repeated measure analysis of variance and post hoc paired-sample t-test were performed to identify the best PT and PT branch quantification model. The number, percentage, and density of true fibers of PT obtained based on GQI and QBI were significantly larger than those based on DTI and DSI (all p < 0.0005, Bonferroni corrected), whereas false fibers yielded the opposite results (all p < 0.0005, Bonferroni corrected). More trunk branches (PTtrunk) were present in the four diffusion models compared with the upper limb (PTUlimb), lower limb (PTLlimb), and cranial (PTcranial) branches. In addition, significantly more true fibers were obtained in PTtrunk, PTUlimb, and PTLlimb based on the GQI and QBI compared with DTI and DSI (all p < 0.0005, Bonferroni corrected). Finally, GQI-based group probabilistic maps showed that the four PT branches exhibited relatively unique spatial distributions. Therefore, the GQI and QBI represent better diffusion models for the PT and PT branches. The group probabilistic maps of PT branches have been shared with the public to facilitate more precise studies on the plasticity of and the damage to the motor pathway.

Study on Meso-Structure Evolution in Granular Matters Based on the Contact Loop Recognition and Determination Technique

On the mesoscopic scale, granular matter is tessellated into contact loops by a contact network. The stability of granular matter is highly dependent on the evolution of contact loops, including the number and area evolutions of contact loops with different geometric shapes (which can reflect the mechanical variables in the macroscale). For the features of numerous loops with complex geometry shapes in contact network images, a contact loop recognition and determination technique was developed in this study. Then, numerical biaxial compression tests were performed by the discrete element method (DEM) to investigate how the meso-structural indexes evolve along with the macro-mechanical indexes. The results show that the proposed Q-Y algorithm is effective in determining the geometric types of contact loops from contact network images. The evolution of contact loops is most active in the hardening stage, during which the number percentages of L3 (loops with three sides) and L6+ (loops with six or more sides) show opposite evolution patterns. For the area percentage, only L6+ increases while others decrease. Considering the meso-structural indexes (number percentage and area percentage of loops) are sensitive to the change of macro-mechanical indexes (deviatoric stress, axial strain, and volumetric strain) in the hardening stage. Multivariate models were established to build a bridge between the meso-structure and the macro-mechanics.

Female authorship of covid-19 research in manuscripts submitted to 11 biomedical journals: cross sectional study

Objective To describe prominent authorship positions held by women and the overall percentage of women co-authoring manuscripts submitted during the covid-19 pandemic compared with the previous two years. Design Cross sectional study. Setting Nine specialist and two large general medical journals. Population Authors of research manuscripts submitted between 1 January 2018 and 31 May 2021. Main outcome measures Primary outcome: first author’s gender. Secondary outcomes: last and corresponding authors’ gender; number (percentage) of women on authorship byline in “pre-pandemic” period (1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019) and in “covid-19” and “non-covid-19” manuscripts during pandemic. Results A total of 63 259 manuscripts were included. The number of female first, last, and corresponding authors respectively were 1313 (37.1%), 996 (27.9%), and 1119 (31.1%) for covid-19 manuscripts (lowest values in Jan-May 2020: 230 (29.4%), 165 (21.1%), and 185 (22.9%)), compared with 8583 (44.9%), 6118 (31.2%), and 7273 (37.3%) for pandemic non-covid-19 manuscripts and 12 724 (46.0%), 8923 (31.4%), and 10 981 (38.9%) for pre-pandemic manuscripts. The adjusted odds ratio of having a female first author in covid-19 manuscripts was <1.00 in all groups (P<0.001) compared with pre-pandemic (lowest in Jan-May 2020: 0.55, 98.75% confidence interval 0.43 to 0.70). The adjusted odds ratio of having a woman as last or corresponding author was significantly lower for covid-19 manuscripts in all time periods (except for the two most recent periods for last author) compared with pre-pandemic (lowest values in Jan-May 2020: 0.74 (0.57 to 0.97) for last and 0.61 (0.49 to 0.77) for corresponding author). The odds ratios for pandemic non-covid-19 manuscripts were not significantly different compared with pre-pandemic manuscripts. The median percentage of female authors on the byline was lower for covid-19 manuscripts (28.6% in Jan-May 2020) compared with pre-pandemic (36.4%) and non-covid-19 pandemic manuscripts (33.3% in Jan-May 2020). Gender disparities in all prominent authorship positions and the proportion of women authors on the byline narrowed in the most recent period (Feb-May 2021) compared with the early pandemic period (Jan-May 2020) and were very similar to values observed for pre-pandemic manuscripts. Conclusions Women have been underrepresented as co-authors and in prominent authorship positions in covid-19 research, and this gender disparity needs to be corrected by those involved in academic promotion and awarding of research grants. Women attained some prominent authorship positions equally or more frequently than before the pandemic on non-covid-19 related manuscripts submitted at some time points during the pandemic.

Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy Restores the Quantity and Phenotype of Circulating Dendritic Cells and CD4+ T Cells in Children with Acute Kawasaki Disease

Background: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is widely used to treat Kawasaki disease (KD). However, the mechanisms by which it reduces systemic inflammation are not completely understood. Dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells play critical roles in the pathogenic processes of immune disorders. Assessing the quantity of DC subsets and T cells and identifying functional molecules present on these cells, which provide information about KD, in the peripheral blood may provide new insights into the mechanisms of immunoglobulin therapy. Methods: In total, 54 patients with KD and 27 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. The number, percentage, and phenotype of DC subsets and CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood were analysed through flow cytometry.Results: Patients with KD exhibited fewer peripheral DC subsets and CD4+ T cells than HCs. Human leucocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression was reduced on myeloid DCs (CD1c+ mDCs), whereas that on plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) did not change significantly. Both pDCs and CD1c+ mDCs displayed significantly reduced expression of co-stimulatory molecules, including CD40, CD86. Expression of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) was increased on CD4+ T cells. No significant differences were observed concerning the quantity and phenotype of DC subsets and CD4+ T cells in patients with KD with and without coronary artery lesions. Importantly, these altered quantity and phenotypes on DC subsets and CD4+ T cells were restored to a great extent after IVIG treatment. T helper (Th) subsets including Th1 and Th2 among CD4+ T cells did not show alteration pre- and post-IVIG treatment, although the Th1-related cytokine IFN-γ level increased dramatically in patients with KD pre-IVIG treatment.Conclusions: pDCs and CD1c+ DCs presented an immature or tolerant phenotype in acute stages of KD, IVIG treatment restored the quantity and functional molecules of DCs and CD4+ T cells to distinct levels, indicating the involvement of DCs and CD4+ T cells in the inflammation in KD. The findings provide insights into the immunomodulatory actions of IVIG.

A Questionnaire-based Survey on Challenges Faced and Strategies Adopted by Pain and Palliative Care Physicians Working in Oncology Setup During Novel COVID-19 Pandemic – A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Objectives: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has brought to the fore various challenges faced by pain and palliative care physicians working in oncology setup all over the country. Cancer care has been afflicted a lot during the pandemic, with challenges faced by patients and their caregivers as well as the healthcare workers. The questionnaire based online survey was conducted to explore the personal challenges faced, strategies adopted and to compare the challenges between different oncology setups. Materials and Methods: After obtaining institutional ethical clearance the online questionnaire prepared through Google forms was rolled out to pain and palliative care physicians working all over the country with the help of social media platforms. The results were expressed in absolute number, percentage and comparisons were made with the help of Fisher’s exact test. Results: Maximum challenges faced were the fear of carrying infection back home (91%), the possibility of attending to a COVID positive case in day to day clinical practice because of inadequate space and screening (62%) and limited services provided by NGO’s during pandemic (71%). Strategies commonly adopted were the provision of necessary personal protective equipment (83%), the conduct of educational sessions for the task force members (67%), maximum utilization of available space in the hospital (85%) and stockpiling of necessary medications and equipment (75%). Conclusion: It is the need of the hour to formulate strong and effective strategies to overcome the challenges encountered by pain and palliative care physicians so that we are equipped in the future to deal with any kind of pandemics.

Implementation of Safe Sleep Practices by Mothers with 0-1 Year-Old Infants

Aim: The sleep environment of an infant affects the likelihood of sudden infant death syndrome and other sleep-related infant deaths. This study was performed to determine the safe sleep practices of mothers with 0–1 year-old infants. Methods: This descriptive study included 204 mothers with 0–1 year-old infants who visited family health centers between October 30 and December 28, 2018. The data were collected using a questionnaire form and evaluated using the number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and chi-squared test. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 28.48 ±5.83 years; 43.1% were primary school graduates and 84.8% were housewives; 53.9% of the infants were girls and 39.2% were 0–3 months old. It was found that 47.5% of the mothers put their infant to sleep in the supine position, 46.1% in the non-supine position, 70.1% on a soft bed, and 76.5% by using a pillow. In addition, 41.2% of the mothers stated that they used pacifiers while putting their infant to sleep, 9.8% stated that they slept in the same bed with their infant, and 92.9% stated that they slept in the same room. Conclusion: It was determined that the mothers performed certain risky practices related to the sleep environment, particularly regarding soft beds’ use, sleeping positions, pillow use, and bed-sharing. It may be recommended that healthcare professionals play an active role and take responsibility in increasing the level of knowledge and awareness of parents regarding safe sleep. Keywords: sleep, infant, mothers, family practice

Completeness of reporting of quality improvement studies in neonatology is inadequate: a systematic literature survey

IntroductionQuality improvement (QI) is a growing field of inquiry in healthcare, but the reporting quality of QI studies in neonatology remains unclear. We conducted a systematic survey of the literature to assess the reporting quality of QI studies and factors associated with reporting quality.MethodsWe searched Medline for publications of QI studies from 2016 to 16 April 2020. Pairs of reviewers independently screened citations and assessed reporting quality using a 31-item modified Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence, 2nd edition (SQUIRE 2.0) checklist. We reported the number (percentage) of studies that reported each item and their corresponding 95% CIs. We used Poisson regression to explore factors associated with reporting quality, namely, journal endorsement of SQUIRE 2.0, declaration of funding sources, year of publication and number of authors. The results were reported as incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% CI.ResultsOf 1921 citations, 336 were eligible; among them, we randomly selected 100 articles to assess reporting quality. The mean (standard deviation) number of SQUIRE 2.0 items adhered to was 22.0 (4.5). Percentage of articles reporting each item varied from 26% to 100%. Journal endorsement of SQUIRE 2.0 (IRR=1.11, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.21, p=0.015), declaration of funding sources and increasing number of authors were significantly associated with better reporting.ConclusionsReporting quality of QI studies in neonatology is inadequate. Endorsing the SQUIRE 2.0 guideline is a step that journals can implement to enhance the completeness of reporting.

Diet of Exotic Pirapitinga Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818) From Vembanad-Kole Wetland, India, as Inferred From Gut Content Analysis and DNA Barcoding

Gut contents of the exotic characid fish Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818) that escaped into the Vembanad-Kole Wetland, India, during the floods were examined for their gut food spectrum. The qualitative analysis of gut contents showed that the fish is an omnivore with detritus (27 %) as the most dominant food item followed by, plant matter (25 %), crabs (16 %), molluscs (12 %), fish (11 %) and insects (7 %), respectively. DNA barcoding of the gut contents revealed taxa such as Puntius mahecola (Valenciennes, 1844) (Cyprinid fish), Bellamaya sp. (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Viviparidae), Spiralothelphusa sp. (Crustacea, Brachyura, Gecarcinucidae) and Ictinogomphus sp. (Insecta, Odonata, Gomphidae) among diet contents. Ontogenic diet shift was not recorded, and none of the fishes showed empty guts, indicating the higher feeding rate and abundance of food in the habitat. The most predominant food item of P. brachypomus in the Vembanad-Kol wetland system is crabs in terms of percentage occurrence, percentage number, percentage volume, index of preponderance, and index of relative importance. Piaractus brachypomus showed greater variations in diet spectrum from their frugivorous nature in the home range (Amazon basin) to a more generalist heterogeneous feeding nature in the introduced ecosystem. The study found that in a highly biodiverse ecosystem, the introduced alien fish may compete with native fish and feed on native organisms. The paper suggests a precautionary approach in flood plain aquaculture, especially with the increase in extreme climatic events and holistic studies on invasion biology to manage invasive species.