scholarly journals Novel photocatalytic coating on façade paints: Functional properties and durability

2018 ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
Tatjana Vulic ◽  
Snezana Vucetic ◽  
Bojan Miljevic ◽  
Jonjaua Ranogajec
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Double Hydroxides

The negative influence of the environmental pollutants on building materials used for fa?ades could be minimized by applying protective photocatalytic coatings with selfcleaning properties. Novel inorganic-inorganic nanocomposite photocatalytic coating based on TiO2/Zn-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) was applied on commercial fa?ade paint and the functional properties (photocatalytic activity and surface properties) were studied before and after durability tests towards the adhesion of the coating. The results showed that the TiO2/ZnAl LDH based coating did not influence esthetic appearance, surface roughness and microhardness of the fa?ade paints. The coating demonstrated a significant photocatalytic activity and the photo-induced hydrophilicity, enabling the self-cleaning effect. The study of the influence of temperature and relative humidity on photocatalytic activity indicated that optimal weather conditions for the application of coating precursors onto the fa?ade paints are in the spring and in autumn seasons.

Nanocomposite Photocatalyst Based on Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) Associated with TiO2

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 100-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonjaua Ranogajec ◽  
Andrijana Sever-Skapin ◽  
Ognjen Rudic ◽  
Snezana Vucetic
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Layered Double Hydroxides ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Specific Problem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Double Hydroxides ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Material Porosity

The surfaces of building materials are constantly exposed to the actions of environmental factors, pollutants of inorganic and organic origin as well as to microorganisms, which significantly contribute to corrosion phenomena.The application of coatings decreases the negative action of the pollutants minimizing their direct contact with the substrate. Different types of coatings with additional functions have been developed. A specific problem of these applications is the lack of compatibility of the photocatalysts with the surface of the building materials and the detachment of potentially toxic TiO2nanoparticles. In the present study, this problem was solved by the proper immobilization of TiO2nanoparticles onto the photocatalyst support, layered double hydroxides (LDHs). The newly formed coating possesses acceptable porosity for a porous building material (porosity within the range of 30-46 %) and satisfied photocatalytic activity, as well as mineralogical compatibility with the substrates (mortars, renders, bricks). Additionally, a positive effect considering the self-cleaning phenomenon was attained.

FOREIGN AND RUSSIAN EARTHEN BUILDING EXPERIENCE

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
D. M ChESNOKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
The Earth ◽  
New Development ◽  
Earthen Architecture ◽  
Materials Used

The objects of research are the earth and unfired clay as building materials used for architectural forming. The article shows the research regarding the traditional techniques of foreign and Russian Earthen Architecture, which offers a new development prospective of architecture of different times. The usage of those techniques allowed the construction of energy-efficient houses, which means that in spite of the weather conditions, the living standard in those houses is quite high and at the same time the use of heating and airconditioning systems is minimized. Building technologies and their historical development are viewed.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of protective self-cleaning TiO2/kaolin composite coating

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (331) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
V. Jovanov ◽  
V. Zečević ◽  
T. Vulić ◽  
J. Ranogajec ◽  
E. Fidanchevska
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Composite Coating ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Tio2 Content ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Highly Porous

The application of self-cleaning coatings presents one of the most effective ways to protect the surfaces of the building materials. The effect of TiO2/kaolin based coatings applied to three types of substrates: non-porous, porous and highly porous, was investigated. Mechanical activation was applied for the impregnation of the active TiO2 component (in content of 3 and 10 wt. %) into the kaolin support. Surface properties (roughness, hydrophilicity and micro-hardness) and functional properties (photocatalytic activity and self-cleaning efficiency) were studied in order to define the optimal formulation of the applied coatings. The effect of the photocatalytic behavior of the coated substrates in terms of self-cleaning ability was assessed by the photodegradation of Rhodamine B, performed before and after durability tests. The results obtained in this paper showed that photocatalytic activity of the TiO2/kaolin composite coating generally depends on the procedure of TiO2 impregnation into the kaolin clay and the loaded TiO2 content.

Deformation Replication

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
Orthogonal Machining ◽  
Aluminum Chips ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Glass Knife ◽  
Very High

Tool materials used in ultramicrotomy are glass, developed by Latta and Hartmann (1) and diamond, introduced by Fernandez-Moran (2). While diamonds produce more good sections per knife edge than glass, they are expensive; require careful mounting and handling; and are time consuming to clean before and after usage, purchase from vendors (3-6 months waiting time), and regrind. Glass offers an easily accessible, inexpensive material ($0.04 per knife) with very high compressive strength (3) that can be employed in microtomy of metals (4) as well as biological materials. When the orthogonal machining process is being studied, glass offers additional advantages. Sections of metal or plastic can be dried down on the rake face, coated with Au-Pd, and examined directly in the SEM with no additional handling (5). Figure 1 shows aluminum chips microtomed with a 75° glass knife at a cutting speed of 1 mm/sec with a depth of cut of 1000 Å lying on the rake face of the knife.

TRADITIONAL OUTBUILDINGS OF THE MORDOVIANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena N. Mokshina ◽  
Mihail I. Svyatkin
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Main Building ◽  
Genetic Problem ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Functional Purpose

Introduction. The article deals with the main traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians, reported on their functional purpose in economic activity. The forms and types of outbuildings, as well as the main building materials used by Mordvinians are described in details. Their significance in the religious and ceremonial life of the ethnic group is shown. Materials and Methods. The research is based on traditional methods of ethnographic science, such as field observation, survey and interviews, and a comprehensive approach. Among the methods of historical science comparative-historical, historical-genetic, problem-chronological, structural-system were used. Among the general scientific methods of research logical, descriptive, narrative, generalization, classification and systematization were involved. To achieve the results of the study, the materials collected by the authors in the course of field surveys conducted in the Mordovian villages were mainly used. Results and Discussion. Traditional outbuildings were of great importance in the economic activity of the Mordovian ethnic group. According to their functional purpose, they can be divided into the following groups: for livestock and poultry (stable, chicken coop, stable, kalda), sanitary and hygienic (bath), warehouse buildings for storage of food, utensils, firewood, animal feed (barn, cellar, woodshed, hayloft), for processing of grain (sheep, riga, mill). Depending on the welfare and financial capacity of the family, the number of outbuildings was different. As a rule, the wealthier families had more outbuildings than the less wealthier ones. The main building material for the construction of these buildings was wood. Conclusion. Thus, the traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians occupied an important place in its economic activities. At the same time, each of them had its own purpose and performed certain functions. Some buildings, such as a bath and a barn, had not only economic purpose, but also were the venue for a number of prayers and ceremonies. It is now ordinarily they have banya (bath-house), outdoor courtyard with standing in different places sheds, barn and cellar.

Anti-Tobacco Education in Vacation Bible School in Mississippi: The Morality of Tobacco Prevention

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-368
Author(s):  
Bonita Reinert ◽  
Vivien Carver ◽  
Lillian M. Range
Keyword(s):  
African American Youth ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Summer Vacation ◽  
Tobacco Policies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tobacco Education ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Bible School ◽  
Vacation Bible School

Knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding the morality of tobacco use of 355 mostly African-American youth in Mississippi, were measured before and after tobacco prevention lessons in summer vacation Bible school. Knowledge and behavioral intentions were strong initially and did not change. Two attitudes improved: youth favored anti-tobacco policy and activism even more after the lessons compared to before. One attitude deteriorated: youth favored banning young people from tobacco less strongly after the lessons compared to before. Educational implications for introducing tobacco prevention, which may seem to be a secular topic, into a religious setting such as summertime Bible school, include covering important topics such as the perniciousness of tobacco companies, the negative influence of tobacco advertisements, the benefits of anti-tobacco policies, and ways to increase young people's personal comfort with anti-tobacco activism.

EVALUATION OF TRIBOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COATING OBTAINED BY ELECTRIC SPARK HARDENING

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (141) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
IL’YA ROMANOV ◽  
◽  
ROMAN ZADOROZHNIY
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Tribotechnical Properties ◽  
Uncoated Surface ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Friction Track

When applying coatings using various methods on the surfaces of moving parts that work in joints, it is important to make sure that the coatings are strong and wear-resistant in order to return them to their original resource. All existing hardening technologies and materials used to perform coatings have their own characteristics, therefore, the quality of the resulting coatings can be judged only after specific tests. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in evaluating the properties of the coating obtained by the method of electric spark hardening, and its ability to resist friction and mechanical wear. (Materials and methods) Authors conducted tests on the basis of the "Nano-Center" center for collective use. A coating was applied on the BIG-4M unit with a VK-8 hard alloy electrode, tribological properties were evaluated on a CSM Instruments TRB-S-DE-0000 tribometer, the width of the friction track was measured after the test using an inverted OLYMPUS gx51 optical microscope, and samples were weighed before and after the test on a VLR-200 analytical balance. Conducted research in accordance with GOST 23.224-86 and RD 50-662-88 guidelines. (Results and discussion) The article presents performed tests on the run-in and wear resistance of the coating. The samples were worked on with a step-by-step increase in the load. During the tests, the friction force was drawed on the diagram. Authors compared the results with the reference sample, an uncoated surface. (Conclusions) The resulting coating has better run-in and wear resistance compared to the standard, and the increase in wear resistance in dry friction conditions is very significant.

scholarly journals Architectural ruins: geoculture of the anatomy of buildings as illustrated by Casa Ippolito, Malta

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Building Physics

AbstractRuins are a statement on the building materials used and the construction method employed. Casa Ippolito, now in ruins, is typical of 17th-century Maltese aristocratic country residences. It represents an illustration of secondary or anthropogenic geodiversity. This paper scrutinises these ruins as a primary source in reconstructing the building’s architecture. The methodology involved on-site geographical surveying, including visual inspection and non-invasive tests, a geological survey of the local lithostratigraphy, and examination of notarial deeds and secondary sources to support findings about the building’s history as read from its ruins. An unmanned aerial vehicle was used to digitally record the parlous state of the architectural structure and karsten tubes were used to quantify the surface porosity of the limestone. The results are expressed from four perspectives. The anatomy of Casa Ippolito, as revealed in its ruins, provides a cross-section of its building history and shows two distinct phases in its construction. The tissue of Casa Ippolito—the building elements and materials—speaks of the knowledge of raw materials and their properties among the builders who worked on both phases. The architectural history of Casa Ippolito reveals how it supported its inhabitants’ wellbeing in terms of shelter, water and food. Finally, the ruins in their present state bring to the fore the site’s potential for cultural tourism. This case study aims to show that such ruins are not just geocultural remains of historical built fabric. They are open wounds in the built structure; they underpin the anatomy of the building and support insights into its former dynamics. Ruins offer an essay in material culture and building physics. Architectural ruins of masonry structures are anthropogenic discourse rendered in stone which facilitate not only the reconstruction of spaces but also places for human users; they are a statement on the wellbeing of humanity throughout history.

Influences of Stress on Interactions with Decision Support

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1886-1890
Author(s):  
Kylie Litaker ◽  
Christopher B. Mayhorn
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Task Motivation ◽  
Situational Stress ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Scanning Task ◽  
Source Of Information

People regularly interact with automation to make decisions. Research shows that reliance on recommendations can depend on user trust in the decision support system (DSS), the source of information (i.e. human or automation), and situational stress. This study explored how information source and stress affect trust and reliance on a DSS used in a baggage scanning task. A preliminary sample of sixty-one participants were given descriptions for a DSS and reported trust before and after interaction. The DSS gave explicit recommendations when activated and participants could choose to rely or reject the choice. Results revealed a bias towards self-reliance and a negative influence of stress on trust, particularly for participants receiving help from automation. Controlling for perceived reliability may have eliminated trust biases prior to interaction, while stress may have influenced trust during the task. Future research should address potential differences in task motivation and include physiological measures of stress.

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