Integration of centralized biogas plant in cold-snowy region in Japan

A centralized biogas plant was built in Shikaoi town, Hokkaido, Japan to treat manure from 1320 cattle heads. The biogas plant was designed to operate at a feeding amount of 85.8 t/day, a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 37 days and at a digester temperature of 38 ?C. In this study, the operational performance of biogas plant, utilization of digested slurry and economic balance were investigated. Since the working conditions of the plant became stable, the biogas production was 2,687 m3/day, 92% of produced biogas was consumed in power generation. Average methane concentration in produced biogas was 57.7%. The hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration was decreased to below 140 ppm as a result of bio-desulfurization and dry-desulfurization. The average power generation was 3,737 kwh/day and from that 54% of produced biogas was consumed in the facility operation, while 46% was sold to Power Company. About 20,260 t of digested slurry were applied onto 602 ha grassland and agricultural fields. From the results of the operational performance of the plant and the economic balance evidence, it is evident that the centralized biogas plant has a positive effect on the local economy.

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Biogas Production Using Anaerobic Digestion of Industrial Waste

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.832.55 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 832 ◽

pp. 55-62

Author(s):

Ján Gaduš ◽

Tomáš Giertl ◽

Viera Kažimírová

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Industrial Waste ◽

Large Scale ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Biogas Plant ◽

Parallel Operation ◽

Paper Production ◽

Biochemical Conversion ◽

Mixed Biomass ◽

Economic Balance

In the paper experiments and theory of biogas production using industrial waste from paper production as a co-substrate are described. The main aim of the experiments was to evaluate the sensitivity and applicability of the biochemical conversion using the anaerobic digestion of the mixed biomass in the pilot fermentor (5 m3), where the mesophillic temperature was maintained. It was in parallel operation with a large scale fermentor (100 m3). The research was carried out at the biogas plant in Kolíňany, which is a demonstration facility of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. The experiments proved that the waste arising from the paper production can be used in case of its appropriate dosing as an input substrate for biogas production, and thus it can improve the economic balance of the biogas plant.

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Utilization of Food and Agricultural Residues for a Flexible Biogas Production: Process Stability and Effects on Needed Biogas Storage Capacities

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12142678 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (14) ◽

pp. 2678 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ervin Saracevic ◽

Susanne Frühauf ◽

Angela Miltner ◽

Kwankao Karnpakdee ◽

Bernhard Munk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Ph Value ◽

Continuous Fermentation ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Biogas Plant ◽

Feeding Strategies ◽

Peak Time ◽

Process Stability ◽

Stability Parameters ◽

Ammonia Content

Biogas plants can contribute to future energy systems’ stability through flexible power generation. To provide power flexibly, a demand-oriented biogas supply is necessary, which may be ensured by applying flexible feeding strategies. In this study, the impacts of applying three different feeding strategies (1x, 3x and 9x feeding per day) on the biogas and methane production and process stability parameters were determined for a biogas plant with a focus on waste treatment. Two feedstocks that differed in (1) high fat and (2) higher carbohydrate content were investigated during semi-continuous fermentation tests. Measurements of the short chain fatty acids concentration, pH value, TVA/TIC ratio and total ammonium and ammonia content along with a molecular biology analysis were conducted to assess the effects on process stability. The results show that flexible biogas production can be obtained without negative impacts on the process performance and that production peaks in biogas and methane can be significantly shifted to another time by changing feeding intervals. Implementing the fermentation tests’ results into a biogas plant simulation model and an assessment of power generation scenarios focusing on peak-time power generation revealed a considerable reduction potential for the needed biogas storage capacity of up to 73.7%.

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Energy and Economic Balance between Manure Stored and Used as a Substrate for Biogas Production

Energies ◽

10.3390/en15020413 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 413

Author(s):

Jakub Mazurkiewicz

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Current Trend ◽

Biogas Plant ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

Energy Prices ◽

Manure Storage ◽

Economic Balance ◽

Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

The aim of the study is to draw attention to the fact that reducing methane and nitrous oxide emissions as a result of traditional manure storage for several months in a pile is not only a non-ecological solution, but also unprofitable. A solution that combines both aspects—environmental and financial—is the use of manure as a substrate for a biogas plant, but immediately—directly after its removal from the dairy barn. As part of the case study, the energy and economic balance of a model farm with dairy farming for the scenario without biogas plant and with a biogas plant using manure as the main substrate in methane fermentation processes was also performed. Research data on the average emission of ammonia and nitrous oxide from 1 Mg of stored manure as well as the results of laboratory tests on the yield of biogas from dairy cows manure were obtained on the basis of samples taken from the farm being a case study. The use of a biogas installation would allow the emission of carbon dioxide equivalent to be reduced by up to 100 Mg per year. In addition, it has been shown that the estimated payback period for biogas installations is less than 5 years, and with the current trend of increasing energy prices, it may be even shorter—up to 4 years.

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A Study on Estimation of Average Power Output Fluctuation of Clustered Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems in Urban District of a Few km2

IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy ◽

10.1541/ieejpes.130.214 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 130 (2) ◽

pp. 214-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Takeyoshi Kato ◽

Yasuo Suzuoki

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Power Output ◽

Average Power ◽

Urban District ◽

Photovoltaic Power ◽

Average Power Output ◽

Power Generation Systems

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Innovations in anaerobic digestion: a model-based study

Biotechnology for Biofuels ◽

10.1186/s13068-020-01864-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Karol Postawa ◽

Jerzy Szczygieł ◽

Marek Kułażyński

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Biogas Plant ◽

Methane Content ◽

Pig Manure ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Production Chain ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Increasing the efficiency of the biogas production process is possible by modifying the technological installations of the biogas plant. In this study, specific solutions based on a mathematical model that lead to favorable results were proposed. Three configurations were considered: classical anaerobic digestion (AD) and its two modifications, two-phase AD (TPAD) and autogenerative high-pressure digestion (AHPD). The model has been validated based on measurements from a biogas plant located in Poland. Afterward, the TPAD and AHPD concepts were numerically tested for the same volume and feeding conditions. Results The TPAD system increased the overall biogas production from 9.06 to 9.59%, depending on the feedstock composition, while the content of methane was slightly lower in the whole production chain. On the other hand, the AHPD provided the best purity of the produced fuel, in which a methane content value of 82.13% was reached. At the same time, the overpressure leads to a decrease of around 7.5% in the volumetric production efficiency. The study indicated that the dilution of maize silage with pig manure, instead of water, can have significant benefits in the selected configurations. The content of pig slurry strengthens the impact of the selected process modifications—in the first case, by increasing the production efficiency, and in the second, by improving the methane content in the biogas. Conclusions The proposed mathematical model of the AD process proved to be a valuable tool for the description and design of biogas plant. The analysis shows that the overall impact of the presented process modifications is mutually opposite. The feedstock composition has a moderate and unsteady impact on the production profile, in the tested modifications. The dilution with pig manure, instead of water, leads to a slightly better efficiency in the classical configuration. For the TPAD process, the trend is very similar, but the AHPD biogas plant indicates a reverse tendency. Overall, the recommendation from this article is to use the AHPD concept if the composition of the biogas is the most important. In the case in which the performance is the most important factor, it is favorable to use the TPAD configuration.

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Empirical Validation of a Biogas Plant Simulation Model and Analysis of Biogas Upgrading Potentials

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14092424 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2424

Author(s):

Jan Martin Zepter ◽

Jan Engelhardt ◽

Tatiana Gabderakhmanova ◽

Mattia Marinelli

Keyword(s):

Simulation Model ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Biogas Plant ◽

Raw Material ◽

Biogas Upgrading ◽

Integrated Energy Systems ◽

First Order Kinetics ◽

Biogas Plants ◽

Plant Simulation ◽

Kinetics Of

Biogas plants may support the transformation towards renewable-based and integrated energy systems by providing dispatchable co-generation as well as opportunities for biogas upgrading or power-to-X conversion. In this paper, a simulation model that comprises the main dynamics of the internal processes of a biogas plant is developed. Based on first-order kinetics of the anaerobic digestion process, the biogas production of an input feeding schedule of raw material can be estimated. The output of the plant in terms of electrical and thermal energy is validated against empirical data from a 3-MW biogas plant on the Danish island of Bornholm. The results show that the model provides an accurate representation of the processes within a biogas plant. The paper further provides insights on the functioning of the biogas plant on Bornholm as well as discusses upgrading potentials of biogas to biomethane at the plant from an energy perspective.

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A Holistic Intersection Rating System (HIRS)—A Novel Methodology to Measure the Holistic Operational Performance of Signalized Urban Intersections

Smart Cities ◽

10.3390/smartcities4030054 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 1018-1038

Author(s):

Wesam Emad Saba ◽

Salwa M. Beheiry ◽

Ghassan Abu-Lebdeh ◽

Mustafa S. AL-Tekreeti

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Local Economy ◽

Rating System ◽

Operational Performance ◽

Community Activities ◽

Community Wellbeing ◽

Importance Index ◽

Health Community ◽

Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽

Indirect Impacts

Signalized urban intersections are key components of urban transportation networks. They are traditionally viewed and designed as primarily motorized traffic facilities, and thus their physical and operational designs have traditionally aimed at maximizing traffic throughput subject to constraints dictated by vehicular safety requirements and pedestrian crossing needs. Seen from a holistic viewpoint, urban intersections are hubs or effective centers of community activities of which traffic flow is only one. Those hubs have direct and indirect impacts on the overlapping traffic functionalities, the environment, public health, community wellbeing, and the local economy. This study proposes a new rating system, the Holistic Intersection Rating System (HIRS), aimed at appraising signalized intersections from a more inclusive viewpoint. This appraisal covers traffic functionality, sustainability, and public health and community wellbeing. This rating system can be used as a guide to conceive, plan, or design new intersections or revamp existing ones. HIRS rates signalized urban intersections based on the level of use of relevant enabling technologies, and the physical and operational designs that allow those intersections to operate holistically, thus leading to a more human-centric and sustainable operational performance. HIRS was validated using a panel of experts in construction, transportation, and public health. The Relative Importance Index (RII) method was used to weigh the HIRS features. The rating system was piloted on a sample of 20 intersections in different cities in the UAE. The results revealed glaring gaps in services to or the consideration of pedestrians, cyclists, and nearby households. The sample intersections scored a mean of 32% on the public health and community wellbeing section, 37% on the pedestrian subsection, and 15% on the cyclist subsection. Such relatively low scores serve as indicators of areas for improvements, and if mapped to their specific features and their relative weights, specific physical and operations designs and technology integration can be identified as actionable items for inclusion in plans and/or designs.

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Nonlinear Stochastic Feedback Controllers for Vibratory Energy Harvesters With Power Flow Constraints

ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, Volume 2 ◽

10.1115/smasis2011-5008 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Ian L. Cassidy ◽

Jeffrey T. Scruggs ◽

Sam Behrens

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Power Flow ◽

Flow Direction ◽

Average Power ◽

Control Input ◽

Stochastic Disturbances ◽

Feedback Controllers ◽

Energy Harvesters ◽

System States ◽

Feedback Laws

This study addresses the formulation of feedback controllers for stochastically-excited vibratory energy harvesters. Maximizing power generation from stochastic disturbances can be accomplished using LQG control theory, with the transducer current treated as the control input. For the case where the power flow direction is unconstrained, an electronic drive capable of extracting as well as delivering power to the transducer is required to implement the optimal controller. It is demonstrated that for stochastic disturbances characterized by second-order, bandpass-filtered white noise, energy harvesters can be passively tuned such that optimal stationary power generation only requires half of the system states for feedback in the active circuit. However, there are many applications where the implementation of a bi-directional power electronic drive is infeasible, due to the higher parasitic losses they must sustain. If the electronics are designed to be capable of only single-directional power flow (i.e., where the electronics are incapable of power injection), then these parasitics can be reduced significantly, which makes single-directional converters more appropriate at smaller power scales. The constraint on the directionality of power flow imposes a constraint on the feedback laws that can be implemented with such converters. In this paper, we present a sub-optimal nonlinear control design technique for this class of problems, which exhibits an analytically computable upper bound on average power generation.

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Evaluation of Eco-Efficiency of Two Alternative Agricultural Biogas Plants

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app8112083 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 2083 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Magdalena Muradin ◽

Katarzyna Joachimiak-Lechman ◽

Zenon Foltynowicz

Keyword(s):

Waste Heat ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Biogas Plant ◽

Waste To Energy ◽

Cost Calculation ◽

Processing Plant ◽

The European Union ◽

Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽

Biogas Plants

Implementation of the circular economy is one of the priorities of the European Union, and energy efficiency is one of its pillars. This article discusses an effective use of agri-food industry waste for the purposes of waste-to-energy in biogas plants. Its basic objective is the comparative assessment of the eco-efficiency of biogas production depending on the type of feedstock used, its transport and possibility to use generated heat. The environmental impact of the analysed installations was assessed with the application of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. Cost calculation was performed using the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) method. The LCA analysis indicated that a biogas plant with a lower level of waste heat use where substrates were delivered by wheeled transport has a negative impact on the environment. The structure of distributed energy production cost indicates a substantial share of feedstock supply costs in the total value of the LCOE ratio. Thus, the factor affecting the achievement of high eco-efficiency is the location of a biogas plant in the vicinity of an agri-food processing plant, from which the basic feedstock for biogas production is supplied with the transmission pipeline, whereas heat is transferred for the needs of production processes in a processing plant or farm.

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