scholarly journals High temperature transesterification of soybean oil with methanol using manganese carbonate as catalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wan ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Sadia Nasreen ◽  
Ivana Lukic ◽  
Dejan Skala
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Manganese Carbonate ◽  
Continuous Transesterification

The manganese carbonate catalyst, prepared by precipitation method, was used in transesterification of soybean oil under subcritical condition of methanol. Catalyst samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The triacylglycerol (TAG) conversion and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The transesterification was realized for 1 h using various working conditions: 0-3 wt.% of catalyst (based on the mass of oil), the mole ratio of methanol to oil from 13:1 to 27:1 and temperature ranging from 393 to 473 K. A maximum TAG conversion of 98.1% could be obtained at the optimal reaction conditions: 2 wt.% of catalyst, methanol/oil mole ratio of 21:1, for 1 h in a batch reactor at 453 K. Kinetic analysis showed that the model based on mass transfer and chemical reaction at the catalyst surface confirmed the experimental data. Using that kinetic expression, the effect of continuous transesterification was proposed and verified by a 360-h long realized experiment in a laboratory packed-bed reactor (PBR). Slow deactivation of the catalyst was caused by leaching of Mn in both biodiesel and glycerol phases and by blocking the active sites of the catalyst with organic compounds.

scholarly journals Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of medium-long-medium structured lipid (MLM-SL) using palm olein and tricaprylin in packed-bed reactor (PBR)

2021 ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Qabul Dinanta Utama ◽  
Azis Boing Sitanggang ◽  
Dede Robiatul Adawiyah ◽  
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Structured Lipid ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Equivalent Carbon Number ◽  
Lipozyme Tl Im ◽  
Slip Melting Point

Lipase-catalyzed transesterification between refined bleached deodorized palm olein (RBDO) and tricaprylin to produce medium-long-medium structured lipid (MLM-SL) in a packed bed reactor (PBR) has been investigated. A specific sn-1,3 commercial Lipozyme TL IM was used as biocatalyst.  Within this study, the progress of transesterification was monitored especially for triacylglycerol (TAG) formation with equivalent carbon number (ECN) of 32, presumably 1,3-dicapryoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol (COC). Transesterification conditions investigated were residence times (i.e., 15, 30, and 60 min) and enzyme loadings (2.0 and 4.5 g).  The highest yield of ECN 32 (13%) and transesterification degree (71%) were obtained at residence time of 15 mins for both enzyme loadings. Longer residence time seemed to facilitate lipid hydrolysis over transesterification. This was indicated by the number of peaks appearing in the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms and the reduction of fat slip melting point (SMP). Additionally, the highest productivity was obtained at 2.0 g enzyme loading. Conclusively, this study has demonstrated the potential use of packed-bed reactor with immobilized Lipozyme TL IM for continuous synthesis of MLM-SLs especially TAG with ECN32.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Katalis CaO dan Uji Aktivitas pada Kinetika Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Kedelai

METANA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Setiarto Pratigto ◽  
Istadi Istadi ◽  
Dyah Hesti Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Free Variable ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Base Strength ◽  
Velocity Equation ◽  
High Base ◽  
The Relationship

Penelitian ini akan mengkaji kinetika reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kedelai dengan metanol menggunakan katalis CaO dengan parameter rasio mol reaktan terhadap konversi metil ester yang digunakan untuk menentukan persamaan kecepatan reaksi. Katalis CaO digunakan untuk reaksi transesterifikasi karena memiliki kekuatan basa yang tinggi, ramah lingkungan, kelarutan yang rendah dalam metanol. Kinetika reaksi untuk reaktor batch dihitung saat reaksi berlangsung berdasarkan rejim surface area limited yang menentukan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk persamaan kecepatan reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kedelai dan metanol menggunakan katalis CaO menurut metode differential reactor. Penelitian dilakukan dengan reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kedelai dan metanol dengan katalis CaO dengan variabel bebas perbandingan mol reaktan. Hasil penelitian mengemukakan metanol teradsorpsi di permukaan katalis dan trigliserida tidak teradsorpsi di permukaan katalis menunjukkan mekanisme reaksi katalitik Eley-Rideal. Persamaan kecepatan reaksi dapat digunakan dalam perancangan reaktor, sehingga hubungan antara konversi trigliserida menjadi biodiesel dengan kebutuhan berat katalis dan volume reaktor yang diperlukan dapat diprediksi. This study will examine the kinetics of the transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol using a CaO catalyst with the parameters of the mole ratio of reactants to the conversion of methyl esters used to determine the reaction velocity equation. CaO catalyst is used for transesterification reaction because it has high base strength, environmentally friendly, low solubility in methanol. The reaction kinetics for a batch reactor are calculated when the reaction takes place based on a decisive surface area limited regime. The purpose of this study was to determine the shape of the speed equation for the transesterification of soybean oil and methanol using a CaO catalyst according to the differential reactor method. The research was carried out with the transesterification reaction of soybean oil and methanol with a CaO catalyst with a free variable ratio of reactant moles. The results of the study revealed that methanol adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst and triglycerides not adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst showed an Eley-Rideal catalytic reaction mechanism. The reaction speed equation can be used in reactor design, so the relationship between the conversion of triglycerides to biodiesel with the required catalyst weight and the reactor volume required can be predicted.

scholarly journals Removal of Organic Micropollutants from a Municipal Wastewater Secondary Effluent by UVA-LED Photocatalytic Ozonation

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Chávez ◽  
Ana R. Ribeiro ◽  
Nuno F. F. Moreira ◽  
Adrián M. T. Silva ◽  
Ana Rey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Radical Reaction ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Heterogeneous Photocatalysis ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Refractory Compounds

Numerous contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) have been found in different water bodies. Directive 2013/39/EU and Decision 2018/840/EU are consequently being implemented in the field of water policies. Twelve CECs (e.g., isoproturon, ciprofloxacin, and clarithromycin are among those listed) were detected in a municipal wastewater secondary effluent by means of solid phase extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS). Different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), based on the combination of ozone, UVA-LED and powdered TiO2, were investigated for their removal in a semi-batch operation. In addition, TiO2-coated glass rings (P25R) were characterized with different techniques (SEM, WDXRF) and used for continuous mode operation in a packed bed reactor (PBR). Among the AOPs studied, ozone-based processes were found to be more efficient than heterogeneous photocatalysis. A kinetic study was performed showing that direct ozonation is the main oxidation pathway for CEC removal. Ozone was successfully decomposed in combination with UVA-LED and P25R, resulting in an apparent rate constant of 3.2 × 10−2 s−1 higher than in the O3/LED system (1.0 × 10−3 s−1) or with ozone alone (8.6 × 10−5 s−1). Hydroxyl radical reaction could prevail over direct ozone reaction for the most refractory compounds (e.g., isoproturon).

Interesterification of Lard and Soybean Oil Blends Catalyzed by Immobilized Lipase in a Continuous Packed Bed Reactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 1925-1933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Claro da Silva ◽  
Fabiana Andreia Schaffer De Martini Soares ◽  
Thaís Gonzaga Fernandes ◽  
Anna Laura Donadi Castells ◽  
Kelly Caroline Guimarães da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Blends

Immobilized Whole Cells as Effective Catalysts for Chiral Alcohol Production

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeck Fei Ng ◽  
Stephan Jaenicke
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Enantiomeric Excess ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Whole Cells

Recombinant Escherichia coli overexpressing the gene LbADH, which encodes for an alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis, was successfully transformed and cultured. The cells are able to catalyze the reduction of pro-chiral ketones, e.g. ethyl acetoacetate into R-(–)ethyl hydroxybutyrate (EHB) with high conversion and enantiomeric excess >99%. Immobilizing the whole cells in alginate beads leads to a catalyst with improved stability and ease of handling while maintaining the high activity of the free cells. The whole-cell catalyst was tested in a stirred batch reactor (CSTR) and in a continuously operated packed-bed reactor. An Mg2+ concentration of 2 mM was crucial for maintaining the activity of the biocatalyst. After a partial optimization of the process conditions, a productivity of 1.4 gEHB gwcw–1 h–1 could be maintained in a continuous flow reactor over a prolonged period of time.

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