scholarly journals Alternative reverse osmosis to purify lactic acid from a fermentation broth

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
Natnirin Phanthumchinda ◽  
Tanapawarin Rampai ◽  
Budsabathip Prasirtsak ◽  
Sitanan Thitiprasert ◽  
Somboon Tanasupawat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Sodium Lactate ◽  
Calcium Lactate ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Ammonium Lactate ◽  
Monovalent Ions

Brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) and seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes were used in a two-stage reverse osmosis (RO) unit to recover, pre-purify, and pre-concentrate lactic acid. Calcium lactate, sodium lactate, and ammonium lactate were used as model feed solutions. The operating pressure showed a pronounced effect on lactate passage through the first BWRO unit, and the Donnan exclusion effect and hydrogen bonding were responsible for cation rejection. Calcium ions were rejected at the BWRO unit because of low diffusion rate and charge interaction at the surface. However, monovalent ions formed hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl group of the membrane that allowed passage across the membrane. The second SWRO unit was for pre-concentrating lactic acid. A high lactate purity of 99.2% with a total recovery of 50.5% was acquired from calcium lactate feed solution. Lower purity with higher lactate recovery was obtained when the feed solution was sodium lactate and ammonium lactate. When the actual fermentation broth was used in the two-stage RO unit, a slightly lower recovery and purity of lactic acid were obtained. It was claimed that the total ions present in the fermentation broth were responsible for the low efficiency of the two-stage RO unit.

scholarly journals Application of electrodialysis for lactic acid recovery

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hábová ◽  
K. Melzoch ◽  
M. Rychtera ◽  
L. Přibyl ◽  
V. Mejta
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Sodium Lactate ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Slow Flow ◽  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Bipolar Membranes ◽  
Acid Recovery

The paper deals with the possibility of using two-stage electrodialysis for recovery of lactic acid from model solutions and from fermentation broth. In the first step lactate was concentrated with desalting electrodialysis using ion exchange membranes Ralex (Mega,Czech Republic). The highest final concentration of 111 g/l was reached in the concentrate, it means an increase more than 2.5-times in comparison with the initial concentration. At the most 2 g of lactate per litre remained in the feed. The second step was the electroconversion of sodium lactate to lactic acid by water-splitting electrodialysis with the bipolar membranes Neosepta (Tokuyama Corp.,Japan). The final lactic acid concentration of 157 g/l was reached in the diluate. Total required energy in both electrodialysis processes consisting of the energy consumption for lactate transfer and for its electroconversion to lactic acid was 142 Wh/mol. The fermentation broth was decolourised before electrodialysis experiments. The best decolourisation capacity was shown by granulated active charcoal filled in the column operated by a slow flow of broth.

Performance of low pressure reverse osmosis membrane (LPROM) for separating mono- and divalent ions

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaini Ujang ◽  
G. K. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membrane ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Feed Concentration

This paper describes an investigation on the rejection of the divalent anions from ZnSO4 using LPROMs, and to establish the effect of operating pressure, feed concentration and temperature on metal removal, then to compare with the monovalent anions, ZnCl2. A bench-scale spiral wound configuration of sulphonated polysulphone low pressure reverse osmosis membrane (LPROM) was used to remove heavy metals at various operating conditions, i.e. operating conditions, solute concentrations and temperature. The results show that the higher the operating pressure the greater will be the permeate flux for heavy metals from both mono- and divalent anions. At low operating pressure however, metals from the divalent anions give a higher permeate flux than did the monovalent anions. Permeate flux in both mono- and divalent anions is shown to be subsequently increased by a decrease of the concentration of feed solution. Regarding metal removal, metals from divalent anions were rejected more effectively than monovalent anions at all levels of feed concentration.

scholarly journals Design and Optimization of Lactic Acid Purification Process by Reactive Distillation with Isoamyl Alcohol

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Jumei Xu ◽  
Zuoxiang Zeng ◽  
Weilan Xue ◽  
Zhijie Mao
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Reactive Distillation ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Yield And Purity

The purpose of this study was to investigate a continuous process for the recovery of lactic acid from fermentation broth. A reactive distillation process to purify lactic acid by esterification with isoamyl alcohol and hydrolysis was designed and simulated by Aspen. Five columns were included in the process: esterification column, purification column, hydrolysis column, dehydration column and recovery column. Effects of process parameters (operating pressure, feed composition, feed position, number of reaction and separation stages, and reboiler duty) of the esterification column on the yield and purity of lactic ester was evaluated. Further evaluation was carried out to reveal the effects of process parameters of the hydrolysis column on the yield and purity of lactic acid. The total annual cost of the whole process was calculated. Simulation studies are carried out using Aspen Plus RADFRAC module. It was shown that under the optimized condition, the concentration of lactic acid can reach up to 82.4 wt%, and the organic acid impurities were less than 3 ppm. Compared with the traditional usage of methanol and butanol, the isoamyl alcohol process can save about 20% of the total annual cost at the same output of lactic acid. Results obtained in this work can be used for scale-up study of an industrial reactive distillation operation as an efficient and economical alternative to recover lactic acid from fermentation broth.

scholarly journals Lactic Acid and Salt Separation Using Membrane Technology

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Sahar Talebi ◽  
Michael Garthe ◽  
Florian Roghmans ◽  
George Q. Chen ◽  
Sandra E. Kentish
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Partial Separation ◽  
Acid Whey ◽  
Lower Temperature

Acid whey is a by-product of cheese and yoghurt manufacture. The protein and lactose within acid whey can be recovered using nanofiltration and electrodialysis, but this leaves a waste stream that is a mixture of salts and lactic acid. To further add value to the acid whey treatment process, the possibility of recovering this lactic acid was investigated using either low energy reverse osmosis membranes or an electrodialysis process. Partial separation between lactic acid and potassium chloride was achieved at low applied pressures and feed pH in the reverse osmosis process, as a greater permeation of potassium chloride was observed under these conditions. Furthermore, lactic acid retention was enhanced by operating at lower temperature. Partial separation between lactic acid and potassium chloride was also achieved in the electrodialysis process. However, the observed losses in lactic acid increased with the addition of sodium chloride to the feed solution. This indicates that the separation becomes more challenging as the complexity of the feed solution increases. Neither process was able to achieve sufficient separation to avoid the use of further purification processes.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Precipitation of Calcium Lactate from Fermentation Broths and from Aqueous Solution

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aladár Vidra ◽  
Áron Németh ◽  
András Salgó
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Calcium Lactate ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Traditional Procedure ◽  
Statistical Designs ◽  
Fermentation Broths

Lactic acid is one of the most important organic acids which is being extensively used around the globe in a range of industrial and biotechnological applications. Lactic acid can be produced either by fermentation or by chemical synthesis but the biotechnological fermentation process has several advantages compared to the other one. However fermentation broth contains a number of impurities which must be removed from the broth in order to achieve more pure lactic acid. Efficiency of recovery is crucial to the economy of the whole process as well since the costs of separation and recovery are responsible for more than half of the entire cost of production. In the traditional procedure, the heated and filtered fermentation broth is concentrated to allow crystallization or precipitation of calcium lactate, followed by addition of sulphuric acid to remove the calcium in form of calcium sulphate. The disadvantage of this procedure is the relatively high solubility of calcium lactate which causes product loss in the crystallization step. Therefore we investigated the effects of four operating parameters of the crystallization/precipitation process from two different fermentation broths and from an aqueous solution. Thus we applied three central composite statistical designs, in which the examined parameters were the temperature of the solution, the duration of the process, the effect of ethanol addition to the solution as well as the effect of multi-cycle precipitation after separation of the precipitated calcium lactate. According to the results, more than 50 percent calcium lactate precipitation increase can be obtained from fermentation broth by adding sufficient amount of ethanol and adjusting the proper temperature of the process.

Analysis and calculation of the process of low-pressure reverse osmosis during recycling of hygienic water

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Leonid S. Bobe ◽  
Nikolay A. Salnikov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Life Support System ◽  
Cleaning Agent ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pressure Channel

Analysis and calculation have been conducted of the process of low-pressure reverse osmosis in the membrane apparatus of the system for recycling hygiene water for the space station. The paper describes the physics of the reverse osmosis treatment and determines the motive force of the process, which is the difference of effective pressures (operating pressure minus osmotic pressure) in the solution near the surface of the membrane and in the purified water. It is demonstrated that the membrane scrubbing action is accompanied by diffusion outflow of the cleaning agent components away from the membrane. The mass transfer coefficient and the difference of concentrations (and, accordingly, the difference of osmotic pressures) in the boundary layer of the pressure channel can be determined using an extended analogy between mass transfer and heat transfer. A procedure has been proposed and proven in an experiment for calculating the throughput of a reverse osmosis apparatus purifying the hygiene water obtained through the use of a cleaning agent used in sanitation and housekeeping procedures on Earth. Key words: life support system, hygiene water, water processing, low-pressure reverse osmosis, space station.

scholarly journals Groundwater Remediation of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes—A Field Study

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Ainscough ◽  
Darren L. Oatley-Radcliffe ◽  
Andrew R. Barron
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Groundwater Remediation ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Microfiltration Membranes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Site ◽  
Initial Results

Groundwater contamination by chlorinated hydrocarbons represents a particularly difficult separation to achieve and very little is published on the subject. In this paper, we explore the potential for the removal of chlorinated volatile and non-volatile organics from a site in Bedfordshire UK. The compounds of interest include trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE), 2,2-dichloropropane (DCP) and vinyl chloride (VC). The separations were first tested in the laboratory. Microfiltration membranes were of no use in this separation. Nanofiltration membranes performed well and rejections of 70–93% were observed for synthetic solutions and up to 100% for real groundwater samples. Site trials were limited by space and power availability, which resulted in a maximum operating pressure of only 3 bar. Under these conditions, the nanofiltration membrane removed organic materials, but failed to remove VOCs to any significant extent. Initial results with a reverse osmosis membrane were positive, with 93% removal of the VOCs. However, subsequent samples taken demonstrated little removal. Several hypotheses were presented to explain this behavior and the most likely cause of the issue was fouling leading to adsorption of the VOCs onto the membrane and allowing passage through the membrane matrix.

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