Modeling of sorption and degradation of selected pharmaceuticals: Case study of Belgrade groundwater source

The application of a mathematical model that analyzes the transport of selected pharmaceuticals from the Sava River to a corresponding radial collector well at Belgrade?s groundwater source is assessed. The occurrence of the selected pharmaceuticals in surface water and the corresponding well was monitored from 2009 to 2015. The pharmaceuticals selected for the present study are carbamazepine, trimethoprim, and metamizole metabolites 4-AAA and 4-FAA. Transport is analyzed based on experimental data (sorption isotherms) and a field tracer experiment that includes injection of the selected pharmaceuticals. The analysis shows that sorption of carbamazepine is relatively low and that this pharmaceutical does not degrade under the studied conditions, so it is not possible to accurately determine the degradation half-life. Trimethoprim is detected in the Sava River with an average concentration 8.5 ng/L, but there is no positive detection in well Rb-16. The average concentration of 4-AAA in the surface water is 34 ng/L and of 4-FAA 13 ng/L. The average concentrations of 4-FAAand 4-AAA in the groundwater are in the range from 1 and 1.85 ng/L. The objective of the research is to use an existing hydrogeologic model and apply a transport model to determine the minimum degradation half-life of the investigated pharmaceuticals.

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The study of the interactions between Sava River and Zagreb aquifer system (Croatia) using water stable isotopes

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20199812017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 ◽

pp. 12017

Author(s):

Jelena Parlov ◽

Zoran Kovač ◽

Jadranka Barešić

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotopes ◽

Surface Water ◽

Spatial Variability ◽

River Water ◽

Aquifer System ◽

Protection Zones ◽

Sava River ◽

Water Fractions ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Sava River

Water stable isotopes were used to investigate hydrological pathways and interactions between surface water and groundwater in the Zagreb aquifer system (Croatia). δ2H and δ18O values indicate a spatial variability of the influence of individual groundwater sources inside the aquifer – local precipitation and the Sava River water. Fractions of surface water in groundwater strongly depend on fluctuations of the river water level and less on the distance from the Sava River. These data extend our understanding of groundwater flow in the Zagreb aquifer system, interactions between Sava River water, local precipitation and groundwater. The results of the research allow more precise monitoring plans and definition of the sanitary protection zones of the well fields in the future.

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Semi-analytical 3D solution for assessing radial collector well pumping impacts on groundwater–surface water interaction

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2017.201 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 17-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ali A. Ameli ◽

James R. Craig

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Transport Model ◽

Water Remediation ◽

Pumping Rate ◽

River Bank ◽

Meandering River ◽

Unconfined Aquifers ◽

Well Location ◽

Head Protection ◽

Radial Collector Well

Abstract We present a new semi-analytical flow and transport model for the simulation of 3D steady-state flow and particle movement between groundwater, a surface water body and a radial collector well in geometrically complex unconfined aquifers. This precise and grid-free Series Solution-analytic element method approach handles the irregular configurations of radial wells more efficiently than grid-based methods. This method is then used to explore how pumping well location and river shape interact and together influence (1) transit time distribution (TTD) of captured water in a radial collector well and TTD of groundwater discharged into the river and (2) the percentage of well waters captured from different sources. Results show that meandering river shape plays a significant role in controlling the aforementioned metrics and that increasing the pumping rate has different consequences in different situations. This approach can also inform the design of water remediation and groundwater protection systems (e.g., river bank filtration and well head protection area).

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A new approach to the definition of design criteria for radial collector wells in anoxic settings

Geoloski anali Balkanskog poluostrva ◽

10.2298/gabp1879031d ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 31-45

Author(s):

Milan Dimkic ◽

Milenko Pusic

Keyword(s):

Structural Characteristics ◽

Iron Concentration ◽

3D Analysis ◽

New Approach ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Potential Capacity ◽

Definition Of ◽

Groundwater Source ◽

Radial Collector Well ◽

The Sava River

The outcomes of a study on groundwater flow from a river to a radial collector well are presented in the paper. The considered well, RB-16, is part of a groundwater source that provides water supply to Belgrade (Serbia). The source relies on the alluvial aquifer of the Sava River. The groundwater is mildly anoxic (Eh ~ 125 mV, Fe2+ = 0.46 mg/L, NO3 ~ 0.24 mgN/L, O2 ~ 0.1 mg/L). The paper is specific in the sense that it presents a novel approach to the definition of water well susceptibility to iron incrustation in an anoxic alluvial setting. Maximum permissible screen entrance velocities, as well as the structural characteristics of the horizontal screens and the radial collector well itself, are determined based on correlations established between the rate of well incrustation, redox potential, iron concentration in groundwater, and screen entrance velocities. One of the criteria is that the hydraulic resistances, caused by the precipitation of iron on the horizontal screens, are being lower than specified. The correlations between maximum permissible screen entrance velocities (the velocities that still allow a lower-than-specified increase in local hydraulic resistances at the entrance to the screens) and biochemical indicators (Eh, Fe2+) were taken from previous papers by the same authors and their associates. Original software was used for hydraulic analysis of the potential capacity of the location of well RB-16. The software supports 3D analysis, including boundary conditions, and was adapted for this particular purpose.

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Synthesis of past isotope hydrology investigations in the area of Ljubljana, Slovenia

Geologija ◽

10.5474/geologija.2020.019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 251-270

Author(s):

Klara Nagode ◽

Tjaša Kanduč ◽

Sonja Lojen ◽

Branka Bračič Železnik ◽

Brigita Jamnik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Stable Isotope ◽

Large Scale ◽

Numerical Data ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Sava River ◽

The Impact ◽

Ljubljansko Barje ◽

The Sava River

Water isotope investigations are a powerful tool in water resources research as well as in understanding the impact that humans have on the water cycle. This paper reviews past hydrological investigations of the Ljubljansko polje and Ljubljansko barje aquifers that supply drinking water to the City of Ljubljana, with an emphasis on hydrogen, oxygen and carbon stable isotope ratios. Information about the methods used and results obtained are summarised, and the knowledge gaps identified. Overall, we identified 102 records published between 1976 and 2019. Among them, 41 reported stable isotope data of groundwater, surface water and precipitation and were further analysed. Isotope investigations of the Ljubljansko barje began in 1976, while groundwater and surface water investigations of the Ljubljansko polje and along the Sava River began as late as 1997. Isotope investigations of carbon started even later in 2003 in the Ljubljansko polje and in 2010 in the Ljubljansko barje. These investigations were performed predominantly in the frame of short-term groundwater research projects at five main wellfields and sites along the Sava River. Almost no large-scale, long-term stable isotope studies have been conducted. The exceptions include groundwater monitoring by the Union Brewery in Ljubljana (2003- 2014) and precipitation in Ljubljana since 1981. Since 2011, more detailed surveys of the Ljubljansko barje were performed, and in 2018, the first extensive investigation started at wellfields and objects that form part of the domestic water supply system. Given the number of available studies, we felt that publishing all the numerical data and appropriate metadata would allow for a better understanding of the short and long-term dynamics of water circulation in the urban environment. In the future, systematic long-term approaches, including the appropriate use of isotopic techniques, are needed.

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BELGRADE GROUNDWATER SOURCE, CONDITION AND POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2007.059 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Dimkic ◽

V. Tausanovic ◽

M. Pusic ◽

Đ Boreli-Zdravkovic ◽

D. Đuric ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Source ◽

Extensive Study ◽

River Bed ◽

Sava River ◽

Horizontal Drains ◽

City Water ◽

Groundwater Source ◽

The Impact ◽

The City ◽

The Sava River

The Sava river alluvion was the only water-supplying resource in Belgrade for decades, until 1986 (Fig. 1). Since 1986, water-supplying resource has become the river Sava, from whose waterflow certain quantities of water are being tapped and treated. The water source consists of 100 wells with horizontal drains and certain number of vertical tubular wells. The basic water source problems are related to the yield decrease. The reasons are colmation of the river bed and well ageing. Recently, the impact of ageing and colmation of well drains is becoming more and more dominant. The problem of safe city water supply is becoming evident, because all the installations are placed on one resource – the Sava river. The problem of the city-water source interaction is also evident. The city is putting “pressure” on the source, and the protection zones of the source disturb the city. The realization of very extensive study is in progress, which should point to the directions and ways to solve these problems. This work shortly presents the Belgrade groundwater source. Also, it shortly presents the installation ageing at the Belgrade water source, and directions for solving the problem.

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USING A REACTIVE TRANSPORT MODEL TO EVALUATE TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT ARSENIC RELEASE DOWNGRADIENT OF NUTRIENT-RICH SURFACE WATER SYSTEMS

10.1130/abs/2018nc-313009 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Aubrey J. Dunshee ◽

◽

G.-H. Crystal Ng ◽

Douglas B. Kent ◽

Deborah A. Repert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Reactive Transport ◽

Transport Model ◽

Water Systems ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Reactive Transport Model ◽

Surface Water Systems

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Determination of Cd, Pb and As in sediments of the Sava river by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc1001113m ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 113-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Simona Murko ◽

Radmila Milacic ◽

Marjan Veber ◽

Janez Scancar

Keyword(s):

Nitric Acid ◽

Analytical Procedure ◽

Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Magnesium Nitrate ◽

Matrix Modifier ◽

Reliable Determination ◽

Sava River ◽

The Sava River

The applicability of nitric acid, palladium nitrate and a mixture of palladium and magnesium nitrate as matrix modifiers was estimated for the accurate and reproducible determination of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) in sediments of the Sava River by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, ETAAS. Decomposition of the samples was done in a closed vessel microwave-assisted digestion system using nitric, hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids, followed by the addition of boric acid to convert the fluorides into soluble complexes. The parameters for the determination of Cd, Pb and As in sediments were optimized for each individual element and for each matrix modifier. In addition, two sediment reference materials were also analyzed. In determination of Cd and Pb, nitric acid was found to be the most appropriate matrix modifier. The accurate and reliable determination of Cd and Pb in sediments was possible also in the presence of boric acid. The use of a mixture of palladium and magnesium nitrate efficiently compensated for matrix effects and enabled the accurate and reliable determination of As in the sediments. Quantification of Cd and As was performed by calibration using acid matched standard solutions, while the standard addition method was applied for the quantification of Pb. The repeatability of the analytical procedure for the determination of Cd, Pb and As in sediments was ?5 % for Cd, ?4 % for Pb and ?2 % for As. The LOD values of the analytical procedure were found to be 0.05 mg/kg for Cd and 0.25 mg/kg for Pb and As, while the LOQ values were 0.16 mg/kg for Cd and 0.83 mg/kg for Pb and As. Finally, Cd, Pb and As were successfully determined in sediments of the Sava River in Slovenia.

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Measuring and modelling the isotopic composition of soil respiration: insights from a grassland tracer experiment

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-8-1333-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 1333-1350 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

U. Gamnitzer ◽

A. B. Moyes ◽

D. R. Bowling ◽

H. Schnyder

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Isotopic Composition ◽

Transport Model ◽

Tracer Experiment ◽

Atmospheric Co2 ◽

Soil Co2 ◽

Soil Air ◽

Co2 Transport ◽

Atmosphere System

Abstract. The carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of CO2 efflux (δ13Cefflux) from soil is generally interpreted to represent the actual isotopic composition of the respiratory source (δ13CRs). However, soils contain a large CO2 pool in air-filled pores. This pool receives CO2 from belowground respiration and exchanges CO2 with the atmosphere (via diffusion and advection) and the soil liquid phase (via dissolution). Natural or artificial modification of δ13C of atmospheric CO2 (δ13Catm) or δ13CRs causes isotopic disequilibria in the soil-atmosphere system. Such disequilibria generate divergence of δ13Cefflux from δ13CRs (termed "disequilibrium effect"). Here, we use a soil CO2 transport model and data from a 13CO2/12CO2 tracer experiment to quantify the disequilibrium between δ13Cefflux and δ13CRs in ecosystem respiration. The model accounted for diffusion of CO2 in soil air, advection of soil air, dissolution of CO2 in soil water, and belowground and aboveground respiration of both 12CO2 and 13CO2 isotopologues. The tracer data were obtained in a grassland ecosystem exposed to a δ13Catm of −46.9 ‰ during daytime for 2 weeks. Nighttime δ13Cefflux from the ecosystem was estimated with three independent methods: a laboratory-based cuvette system, in-situ steady-state open chambers, and in-situ closed chambers. Earlier work has shown that the δ13Cefflux measurements of the laboratory-based and steady-state systems were consistent, and likely reflected δ13CRs. Conversely, the δ13Cefflux measured using the closed chamber technique differed from these by −11.2 ‰. Most of this disequilibrium effect (9.5 ‰) was predicted by the CO2 transport model. Isotopic disequilibria in the soil-chamber system were introduced by changing δ13Catm in the chamber headspace at the onset of the measurements. When dissolution was excluded, the simulated disequilibrium effect was only 3.6 ‰. Dissolution delayed the isotopic equilibration between soil CO2 and the atmosphere, as the storage capacity for labelled CO2 in water-filled soil pores was 18 times that of soil air. These mechanisms are potentially relevant for many studies of δ13CRs in soils and ecosystems, including FACE experiments and chamber studies in natural conditions. Isotopic disequilibria in the soil-atmosphere system may result from temporal variation in δ13CRs or diurnal changes in the mole fraction and δ13C of atmospheric CO2. Dissolution effects are most important under alkaline conditions.

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