scholarly journals Trends of forest area and population and the impact of population on forest area per hectare in Serbia without APS

2012 ◽  
pp. 183-196
Author(s):  
Nenad Rankovic
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Socio-economic changes throughout history have shaped the attitude towards the forest and most significant ones are changes in terms of population. Over the centuries population and population density have had a significant impact on deforestation and the reduction of forest areas. Therefore, it is important to check what kind of trends are concerned and how population growth affects forest areas, forest cover and forest area per capita. These elements are important for assessing the direction, intensity of activity and the degree of success in the implementation of all forest policy measures in Serbia.

scholarly journals Evaluating Forest Cover and Fragmentation in Costa Rica with a Corrected Global Tree Cover Map

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3226
Author(s):  
Daniel Cunningham ◽  
Paul Cunningham ◽  
Matthew E. Fagan
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
Alos Palsar ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The Impact

Global tree cover products face challenges in accurately predicting tree cover across biophysical gradients, such as precipitation or agricultural cover. To generate a natural forest cover map for Costa Rica, biases in tree cover estimation in the most widely used tree cover product (the Global Forest Change product (GFC) were quantified and corrected, and the impact of map biases on estimates of forest cover and fragmentation was examined. First, a forest reference dataset was developed to examine how the difference between reference and GFC-predicted tree cover estimates varied along gradients of precipitation and elevation, and nonlinear statistical models were fit to predict the bias. Next, an agricultural land cover map was generated by classifying Landsat and ALOS PalSAR imagery (overall accuracy of 97%) to allow removing six common agricultural crops from estimates of tree cover. Finally, the GFC product was corrected through an integrated process using the nonlinear predictions of precipitation and elevation biases and the agricultural crop map as inputs. The accuracy of tree cover prediction increased by ≈29% over the original global forest change product (the R2 rose from 0.416 to 0.538). Using an optimized 89% tree cover threshold to create a forest/nonforest map, we found that fragmentation declined and core forest area and connectivity increased in the corrected forest cover map, especially in dry tropical forests, protected areas, and designated habitat corridors. By contrast, the core forest area decreased locally where agricultural fields were removed from estimates of natural tree cover. This research demonstrates a simple, transferable methodology to correct for observed biases in the Global Forest Change product. The use of uncorrected tree cover products may markedly over- or underestimate forest cover and fragmentation, especially in tropical regions with low precipitation, significant topography, and/or perennial agricultural production.

scholarly journals India’s Commitments to Increase Tree and Forest Cover: Consequences for Water Supply and Agriculture Production within the Central Indian Highlands

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Benjamin Clark ◽  
Ruth DeFries ◽  
Jagdish Krishnaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Central India ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
The Impact

As part of its nationally determined contributions as well as national forest policy goals, India plans to boost tree cover to 33% of its land area. Land currently under other uses will require tree-plantations or reforestation to achieve this goal. This paper examines the effects of converting cropland to tree or forest cover in the Central India Highlands (CIH). The paper examines the impact of increased forest cover on groundwater infiltration and recharge, which are essential for sustainable Rabi (winter, non-monsoon) season irrigation and agricultural production. Field measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) linked to hydrological modeling estimate increased forest cover impact on the CIH hydrology. Kfs tests in 118 sites demonstrate a significant land cover effect, with forest cover having a higher Kfs of 20.2 mm hr−1 than croplands (6.7mm hr−1). The spatial processes in hydrology (SPHY) model simulated forest cover from 2% to 75% and showed that each basin reacts differently, depending on the amount of agriculture under paddy. Paddy agriculture can compensate for low infiltration through increased depression storage, allowing for continuous infiltration and groundwater recharge. Expanding forest cover to 33% in the CIH would reduce groundwater recharge by 7.94 mm (−1%) when converting the average cropland and increase it by 15.38 mm (3%) if reforestation is conducted on non-paddy agriculture. Intermediate forest cover shows however shows potential for increase in net benefits.

scholarly journals The impact of forest regeneration on streamflow in 12 mesoscale humid tropical catchments

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2613-2635 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Beck ◽  
L. A. Bruijnzeel ◽  
A. I. J. M. van Dijk ◽  
T. R. McVicar ◽  
F. N. Scatena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Annual Time Series ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Annual Time

Abstract. Although regenerating forests make up an increasingly large portion of humid tropical landscapes, little is known of their water use and effects on streamflow (Q). Since the 1950s the island of Puerto Rico has experienced widespread abandonment of pastures and agricultural lands, followed by forest regeneration. This paper examines the possible impacts of these secondary forests on several Q characteristics for 12 mesoscale catchments (23–346 km2; mean precipitation 1720–3422 mm yr−1) with long (33–51 yr) and simultaneous records for Q, precipitation (P), potential evaporation (PET), and land cover. A simple spatially-lumped, conceptual rainfall–runoff model that uses daily P and PET time series as inputs (HBV-light) was used to simulate Q for each catchment. Annual time series of observed and simulated values of four Q characteristics were calculated. A least-squares trend was fitted through annual time series of the residual difference between observed and simulated time series of each Q characteristic. From this the total cumulative change (Â) was calculated, representing the change in each Q characteristic after controlling for climate variability and water storage carry-over effects between years. Negative values of  were found for most catchments and Q characteristics, suggesting enhanced actual evaporation overall following forest regeneration. However, correlations between changes in urban or forest area and values of  were insignificant (p ≥ 0.389) for all Q characteristics. This suggests there is no convincing evidence that changes in the chosen Q characteristics in these Puerto Rican catchments can be ascribed to changes in urban or forest area. The present results are in line with previous studies of meso- and macro-scale (sub-)tropical catchments, which generally found no significant change in Q that can be attributed to changes in forest cover. Possible explanations for the lack of a clear signal may include errors in the land cover, climate, Q, and/or catchment boundary data; changes in forest area occurring mainly in the less rainy lowlands; and heterogeneity in catchment response. Different results were obtained for different catchments, and using a smaller subset of catchments could have led to very different conclusions. This highlights the importance of including multiple catchments in land-cover impact analysis at the mesoscale.

scholarly journals Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan Di Provinsi Lampung Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Insidensi Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Agustin Arisandi Mustika ◽  
Samsul Bakri ◽  
Dyah Wulan S. R. Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
The Impact

The conversion of forest area into non-forest area generally can causing the ecology and micro climate change especially rainfall.   The impact of these changes in other side can increasing the probability in occurrence of vector-born disease such as Aedes aegypti mosquito couse of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF).   Besides of environmental factors, poverty level, rainfall, and housing conditions the suspected also affect the incidence of dengue.  This research aimed to determine of changes in forest cover and land, poverty level, and housing conditions as well as the impact to the incidence of dengue fever in Lampung. Data collected included primary data of land use changes of Lampung Province and the secondary  data  such  as  the  data  of  precipitation  rapid,  poverty  level,  healthy  house proportion and Incidence Rate of dengue.  The dynamic of changes in forest cover and landper distric/city identified through by Landsat image interpretation 5, 7 and 8  in 2002, 2009 and 2014.   While the impact on DHF analyzed using multiple linear models.   The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the changes of the people forest cover   -1,2634   (p=0,001),   intensive   agricultural   0,5315   (p=0,016),   the   number   of precipitation rapid 0,06869 (p=0,087) and the poverty level -0,2213 (p=0,038) and urbanism region in the towns and villages 28,75 (p=0,010) toward the incidence of dengue in Lampung from the year 2003 to 2014.  Based on the reseacrh result that the goverment should be able to increase the percentage of forest area cause able to decrease the incidence DHF. Keyword: forest conversion, incidence DHF, land use changes

Density-Dependent Population Growth

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
Michael J. Fogarty ◽  
Jeremy S. Collie
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Multiple Equilibria ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Discrete Time Models ◽  
Complex Dynamical Behavior

The observation that no population can grow indefinitely and that most populations persist on ecological timescales implies that mechanisms of population regulation exist. Feedback mechanisms include competition for limited resources, cannibalism, and predation rates that vary with density. Density dependence occurs when per capita birth or death rates depend on population density. Density dependence is compensatory when the population growth rate decreases with population density and depensatory when it increases. The logistic model incorporates density dependence as a simple linear function. A population exhibiting logistic growth will reach a stable population size. Non-linear density-dependent terms can give rise to multiple equilibria. With discrete time models or time delays in density-dependent regulation, the approach to equilibrium may not be smooth—complex dynamical behavior is possible. Density-dependent feedback processes can compensate, up to a point, for natural and anthropogenic disturbances; beyond this point a population will collapse.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK, INFLASI DAN KORUPSI: ANALISIS EMPIRIS ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE (EKC) DI KAWASAN ASEAN PERIODE 2002-2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fajri Setia Trianto ◽  
Evi Yulia Purwanti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

The economy that continues to grow has the impact of environmental damage. This study aims to prove empirically the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis by analyzing the relationship of economic growth with environmental damage as measured by GDP per capita, and CO2 emissions. The data used are secondary data in the form of data on GDP per capita, CO2 emissions, population growth, inflation, and control of corruption in 10 countries in the ASEAN region in 2002-2016. Data analysis using the Fixed Effect model. The results show that there is a relationship between economic growth and environmental damage that forms an inverted U curve. Economic growth will initially have a positive effect on environmental damage so that at a point of economic growth negatively affects environmental damage. By adding control variables: population growth, inflation and corruption, inflation and corruption positively impact environmental damage, while population negatively affect environmental damage.

First World Congress of Rural Sociology

1964 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
D. J. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Rural Sociology ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Human Society ◽  
World Congress ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World

The main theme of this Congress, held in the cité universitaire in Dijon, was the impact of agricultural changes on society in developed and developing countries. The modernisation of agriculture (industrialisation, commercialisation, decrease of manpower, increase of production per capita) is accompanied by a set of changes which affects not only the rural population itself; but also human society as a whole. Technological and economic changes have an influence on cultural and social structure. The Congress aimed to study this influence with emphasis on the effects on society as a whole, and to compare the experiences of developed and developing countries.

scholarly journals Local Government Forestry Expenditure and Forest Land Cover: A Preliminary Lesson from Decentralized Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Firda Hidayati ◽  
Yogi Vidyattama ◽  
Cameron Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Negative Change ◽  
Wood Extraction ◽  
Forest Land Cover

Even though government of Indonesia invests billions of rupiah to tackle deforestation, its effectiveness has been questionable. This study analyses changes in rates of forest cover in Indonesia and their association with forestry expenditures (FE) spent by the provincial governments. Based on 2007 to 2010 data, linear multiple regression results indicate that FE is not enough to tackle the negative change in forest land cover that could represent deforestation. Moreover, it was found that FE have negative association with forest land cover and therefore, can be associated to deforestation. This negative association remains when other factors that affect forest land cover such as wood extraction, agriculture outcome, forestry outcome, population growth and population density and initial environmental conditions have been controlled.AbstrakWalaupun pemerintah Indonesia telah menginvestasikan trilyunan rupiah untuk mengurangi deforestasi, akan tetapi efektifitasnya dipertanyakan. Penelitian ini menganalisa tingkat perubahan luasan tutupan hutan di Indonesia and asosiasinya dengan Pengeluaran Sektor Kehutanan (PSK) yang dibelanjakan oleh pemerintah provinsi. Berdasar data tahun 2007 sampai 2010, hasil regresi multiple linier mengindikasikan bahwa PSK tidak cukup untuk mengurangi akibat negatif dalam perubahan hutan dan lahan yang dapat mngakibatkan deforestasi. Lebih lanjut, ditemukan bahwa PSK berhubungan erat pengurangan luasan hutan, yang dapat dikaitkan dengan deforestasi. Asososiasi yang negatif ini tetap terjadi walaupun faktor lain yang memengaruhi tutupan hutan seperti penebangan kayu, hasil pertanian, hasil kehutanan, pertumbuhan populasi dan kepadatan populasi dan kondisi awal lingkungan telah dikontrol.Kata kunci: Deforestasi, Hutan Tropis; Populasi Penduduk; Tutupan Hutan; Pengeluaran untuk Reboisasi HutanJEL classifications: E62; Q58; H76

A Cross-national Study of Environmental Performance and Culture: Implications of the Findings and Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1051-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushant Kumar ◽  
Vishlavath Giridhar ◽  
Pradip Sadarangani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
National Study ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

The study investigates the impact of culture on environmental performance across 78 countries. The article explores the possible relationship with two datasets of international indices: (a) the six dimensional index of national culture proposed by Hofstede and (b) the environmental performance index (EPI) published by Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy. It is widely established that population and economic development of a country play significant role in the improvement of environmental performance. In our study, we examine the impact of population growth rate and per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) on environmental performance using structure equation modelling. The results show that environmental performance is significantly influenced by the culture of the country. Per-capita GDP and population growth rate have a positive and negative relationships on the environmental performance. By measuring the cultural dimensions and their impact on global environmental performance, countries could identify the favouring cultural dimensions and design appropriate strategy to optimize the environmental performance. The article proposes the practical implication of results and strategies to improve environmental performance. The study is among the first in studying the cultural dynamics on environment and identify its favourable and adverse relationships for an optimum strategy.

scholarly journals On the impact of Urbanisation on CO2 Emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Luqman ◽  
Peter Rayner ◽  
Kevin Gurney
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Urban Extent ◽  
Urban Emissions ◽  
The Impact

We use a globally consistent, time-resolved data set of CO2 emission proxies to quantify urban CO2 emissions in 91 cities. We decompose emissiontrends into contributions from changes in urban extent, population density and per capita emissions. We find that urban CO2 emissions areincreasing everywhere but that the dominant contributors differ according to development level. A cluster analysis of factors shows that developingcountries were dominated by cities with rapid area and per capita CO2 emissions increases. Cities in the developed world, by contrast, show slow area and per capita CO2 emissions growth. China is an important intermediate case with rapid urban area growth combined with slower per capita CO2 emissions growth. For many developed countries, urban per capita emissions are often lower than their national average suggesting that urbanisation may reduce overall emissions. However trends in per capita urban emissions are higher than their national equivalent almost everywhere suggesting that urbanisation will become a more serious problem in future. An important exception is China whose per capita urban emissions are growing more slowly than the national value. We also see anegative correlation between trends in population density and per capita CO2 emissions, highlighting a strong role for densification as a tool toreduce CO2 emissions.

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