scholarly journals Conventional and contemporary methods for water treatment: From wastewater to ultra pure water

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 307-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladana Rajakovic ◽  
Ljubinka Rajakovic
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Controlling Processes

In this paper modern methods and techniques for water purification are described. Good water quality and the rational use of water are an absolute need of the new millennium. The quality of life depends on water quality. Although it is an ecological priority to prohibit the contamination of water, it is a responsibility for environmental engineers and chemists to develop and apply effective methods for water purification. Beside well-known methods and techniques, it is necessary to create new methods for water purification and treatment. Water recycling is especially important. Plants with membrane separation technologies enable savings in fresh water with high efficiency. Methods for monitoring and controlling processes and water protection should be developed simultaneously with the development of techniques for the methods for purification.

scholarly journals The Sustainable Treatment Effect of Constructed Wetland for the Aquaculture Effluents from Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) Farm

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3418
Author(s):  
Bing Li ◽  
Rui Jia ◽  
Yiran Hou ◽  
Chengfeng Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fish Culture ◽  
Megalobrama Amblycephala ◽  
Blunt Snout Bream ◽  
Aquaculture Effluents ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Microbial Contaminants

In aquaculture, constructed wetland (CW) has recently attracted attention for use in effluent purification due to its low running costs, high efficiency and convenient operation,. However, less data are available regarding the long-term efficiency of farm-scale CW for cleaning effluents from inland freshwater fish farms. This study investigated the effectiveness of CW for the removal of nutrients, organic matter, phytoplankton, heavy metals and microbial contaminants in effluents from a blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) farm during 2013–2018. In the study, we built a farm-scale vertical subsurface flow CW which connected with a fish pond, and its performance was evaluated during the later stage of fish farming. The results show that CW improved the water quality of the fish culture substantially. This system was effective in the removal of nutrients, with a removal rate of 21.43–47.19% for total phosphorus (TP), 17.66–53.54% for total nitrogen (TN), 32.85–53.36% for NH4+-N, 33.01–53.28% NH3-N, 30.32–56.01% for NO3−-N and 42.75–63.85% for NO2−-N. Meanwhile, the chlorophyll a (Chla) concentration was significantly reduced when the farming water flowed through the CW, with a 49.69–62.01% reduction during 2013–2018. However, the CW system only had a modest effect on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the aquaculture effluents. Furthermore, concentrations of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) were reduced by 39.85% and 55.91%, respectively. A microbial contaminants test showed that the counts of total coliform (TC) and fecal coliform (FC) were reduced by 55.93% and 48.35%, respectively. In addition, the fish in the CW-connected pond showed better growth performance than those in the control pond. These results indicate that CW can effectively reduce the loads of nutrients, phytoplankton, metals, and microbial contaminants in effluents, and improve the water quality of fish ponds. Therefore, the application of CW in intensive fish culture systems may provide an advantageous alternative for achieving environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Concept of contemporary methods for monitoring and determination of cyanide in water

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 338-342
Author(s):  
Dragana Cickaric ◽  
Ljubinka Rajakovic
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Water And Wastewater

The quality of life depends on water quality. Good water quality and the rational use of water are an absolute need of the new millennium. Although it is an ecological and health priority to prohibit the contamination of water and water protection, it is a responsibility for environmental engineers and chemists to develop and apply effective methods for monitoring and controlling of water quality, and at that way prevent ecological and technological catastrophe on time. In this paper modern methods and process for monitoring, control and detection of cyanide in water and wastewater are presented. Recent developments in instrumental techniques and treatment for determination of this toxic substance in water are described, particularly the methods according to green analytical aspects.

An On-Line Multiparametric Water Quality Monitoring System Based on Visible Spectrophotometry

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 2801-2804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Yang Liao ◽  
Peng Tian ◽  
Yu Du ◽  
Zhi Yu Wen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Visible Spectrophotometry ◽  
On Line

Water quality monitoring plays an important role in contamination control and environment protection. This paper describes an on-line multiparametric water quality monitoring system based on visible spectrophotometry, which combines embedded technology with GPRS telecommunication technology. This system can realize online wireless monitoring to concentrations of chromium (Cr), plumbum (Pb), A surfactant (AS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (AN), total phosphorus (TP) and total phenol (TPh) in real time. The mechanical structure, hardware circuit and software design of the system are completed. The absorption spectrums of pure water and MB-SDS complex have been measured. Preliminary experiments using a model machine show that each mechanism of the system runs well. Moreover, the monitor possesses many advantages, such as high degree of automation, high reliability, high efficiency, compact structure, small size, and so on.

The Effect of Water Purification Ecological Engineering on the Cao Yang Round Creek

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Chongxiao ◽  
Cai Jie ◽  
Zhou Jiaxin ◽  
Xu Sailan ◽  
Yu Yiping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Ecological Engineering ◽  
Total Suspended Solids

It nas been proved that planting various aquatic vascular plants with proper arrangements of time and space in tne eutropnic water of tne Cao Yang Round Creek nas formed an effective and stable ecological system for purifying water. Within two years, the water quality of the Round Creek has been improved significantly. The density of algae (content of chlorophyll a) has dropped by 95%, the total suspended solids is decreased by more tnan 90%, and COD is also reduced by 50%. The transparency of the water has increased from 15cm Before treatment to 53cm after treatment. Some parts of tne Creek are clear enough to see the bottom, to count tne fish. At the same time, beautification and planting of plants on the water surface has been carried our, together with the purification of the water. In this way, tne sightseeing value of water body is also increased. The paper intends to probe an efficient way of harnessing the eutropnic water By practicing witn purification, Deautification and plant planting all at one time.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purpose using Different Water Quality Indices in Parts of Gautam Budh Nagar District, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1128-1138
Author(s):  
Meenu Agarwal ◽  
Meenakshi Singh ◽  
Jakir Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Canadian Council ◽  
Ccme Wqi ◽  
Drinking Purpose

Water Quality Index (WQI) is a mathematical value for quality of water, which includes the concentration of a number of constituents present in it. Chemical and biological measures of water quality are used to represent water quality index. Measured value of the selected parameters, ideal concentration of that parameter in pure water and standard value given by different quality control organizations are used to determine this number. In the present study, three indexing methods; Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI), Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI) and Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) were used to calculate water quality index of groundwater. A hydrochemical analysis of 22 groundwater samples was conducted to evaluate the quality of groundwater for drinking purpose. Ten hydrochemical parameters were selected for computing WQIs of groundwater samples and BIS standards were used for standardization. Analytical results show that 100 % of samples have magnesium and total hardness above the acceptable limit of BIS (10500, 2012). The mean concentration of nitrate was found 196.96 ± 9.3.18 mg/L. Spatial distribution of various parameters shows that south-east part of study area has contaminated groundwater. The results of water quality index shows that drinking water quality of 82 % (WAWQI), 95 % (GWQI) and 77 % (CCME WQI) of groundwater samples were poor to unsuitable type. Water quality index map also reveals that groundwater of village Badhpura, Dhoom Manikpur, Dairy Maccha, Khera Dharampura, Bisrakh road, Duryai and Dujana of district Gautam Budh Nagar of India, was not fit for human consumption.

Development of Electric Rust Preventive Machining Method - Correspond to Difference of Water in World: Use of Deionized Refined Water

2012 ◽  
Vol 497 ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohiro Nishikawa ◽  
Y. Sato ◽  
K. Kudo ◽  
T. Murase ◽  
T. Sawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Grinding Fluid ◽  
Water Recycle ◽  
Disposal Cost

Grinding fluid & cutting oil are contained various chemicals. Waste fluid treatment causes huge disposal cost and heavy environmental load. This investigation proposes the electric rust preventive machining method system that water is used as machining fluid. However, there are various problems for this practical use. In this paper, using and re-using of machining water are considered. Water quality is different in various foreign regions for containing impurity ingredient varying with each area. Correspond to water difference, water purification and deionization is examined in developed machining water refine recycle system experimentally. Synthesized water that is likened to hard water is composed from refined water (pure water which is made by water recycle system). And, it is confirmed that synthesized water is refined to deionize by water recycle system. Moreover, 12.25L/min refined water is achieved. In addition, it is indicated that electric rust prevention is possible by refined water at least 1hour. However, high voltage and device twist is necessary.

The role of the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System in the control of water quality of Lake Balaton

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Tátrai ◽  
Kálmán Mátyás ◽  
János Korponai ◽  
Gábor Paulovits ◽  
Piroska Pomogyi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Lake Balaton ◽  
Water Protection

scholarly journals Does the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System (KBWPS) Effectively Safeguard Lake Balaton from Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 960
Author(s):  
Zoran Marinović ◽  
Nada Tokodi ◽  
Damjana Drobac Backović ◽  
Ilija Šćekić ◽  
Nevena Kitanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Lake Balaton ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Cyanobacterial Biomass

Lake Balaton is the largest shallow lake in Central Europe. Its water quality is affected by its biggest inflow, the Zala River. During late 20th century, a wetland area named the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System (KBWPS) was constructed in the hopes that it would act as a filter zone and thus ameliorate the water quality of Lake Balaton. The aim of the present study was to test whether the KBWPS effectively safeguards Lake Balaton against toxic cyanobacterial blooms. During April, May, July and September 2018, severe cyanobacterial blooming was observed in the KBWPS with numbers reaching up to 13 million cells/mL at the peak of the bloom (July 2018). MC- and STX-coding genes were detected in the cyanobacterial biomass. Five out of nine tested microcystin congeners were detected at the peak of the bloom with the concentrations of MC-LR reaching 1.29 µg/L; however, accumulation of MCs was not detected in fish tissues. Histopathological analyses displayed severe hepatopancreas, kidney and gill alterations in fish obtained throughout the investigated period. In Lake Balaton, on the other hand, cyanobacterial numbers were much lower; more than 400-fold fewer cells/mL were detected during June 2018 and cyanotoxins were not detected in the water. Hepatic, kidney and gill tissue displayed few alterations and resembled the structure of control fish. We can conclude that the KBWPS acts as a significant buffering zone, thus protecting the water quality of Lake Balaton. However, as MC- and STX-coding genes in the cyanobacterial biomass were detected at both sites, regular monitoring of this valuable ecosystem for the presence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins is of paramount importance.

Evaluation of source water quality for selection of drinking water purification system

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hayashi ◽  
H. Yokota ◽  
H. Furumai ◽  
M. Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Purification System

When renewing water purification facilities, it is important to select a suitable purification system that can accommodate the quality of the respective source water. The Japan Water Research Center has been collecting a large amount of water quality data from drinking-water utilities across Japan, categorising and analysing these data, and evaluating the suitability of water purification processes. Multivariate analyses such as hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed to investigate the relationships between the quality of source water used for water supply and various factors that affect the purification process. Based on these results, water sources throughout Japan were clearly categorised into four groups, and suitable water purification systems were identified for the different water quality groups. The results can serve as an important reference for water utilities during future facility renewal projects.

Influence of chemical composition of snow and water protection zones of Uchinsky and Pestovo reservoir on water quality

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Sergey Suslov ◽  
Ludmila Gruzdeva ◽  
Vladimir Gruzdev ◽  
Marina Hrustaleva
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Protection Area

Ecological geochemical research of water protection areas was held in Moscow region. Precipitation (snow) is known to influence the formation of water chemical structure and determine geochemical effect. It shows the results of snow research in water protection area of Uchinsk and Pestovo reservoirs in order to find out the sources of pollution, to assess water quality and work out the recommendations to reduce and eliminate the sources of pollution. The article gives the evaluation of water quality depending on waterflow from the catchment area and various temporary flows. It shows the influence of excessive use of fertilizers on water quality (especially in spring) which leads to eutrophication processes and worsens the quality of water.

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