scholarly journals The Kashubian indefinite marker jeden ‘one’ and its grammaticalisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Motoki Nomachi
Keyword(s):  
Indefinite Article ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diachronic Change ◽  
Per Se

This article analyses the use of the indefinite marker jeden ?one? in contemporary Kashubian, which has often been treated simply as an indefinite article in previous studies. A synchronic description has been presented in the first part of this paper, comparing the use of the indefinite marker in Kashubian with that in Polish, Upper Sorbian and German. The second part deals with the diachronic change in Kashubian in this respect. The main conclusion of this paper is that Kashubian has never developed the indefinite article per se, while its usage was far more frequent in the past, which could be explained by the emergence of the German influence.

Language as an Identity: Hindi and Provincial Languages in Colonial India

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-337
Author(s):  
Amit Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
Nationalist Party ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Hindi Language ◽  
Inherent Part ◽  
Union Government

Language is an inherent part of an individual’s identity. Any attempt to subjugate that identity is vehemently resisted by the people. In India, Hindi is not only seen as a language per se but also linked with North Indian Hindus. In the past, the introduction and imposition of Hindi in non-Hindi-speaking states, mainly Tamil Nadu, had faced strong opposition. Since the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) led by the Hindu Nationalist Party—Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP)—elected to power in May 2014, the union government has taken measures to what it calls promoting the use of the Hindi language in India. These measures have been strongly resisted in the non-Hindi-speaking states of the country. This article looks at the debates between Hindi and non-Hindi speakers since the years of the anti-colonial movement in India. It examines the character of the movement to promote Hindi and the resistance against the Hindi movements in India. This article also discusses the demands for language-based states in India. In this paper, the author argues that in the non-Hindi-speaking states, Hindi is mainly looked at as a means to subsume and suppress the native’s identity. To protect their linguistic identity, which is inextricably intertwined with other identities, people in non-Hindi-speaking areas have protested in past and also resist such attempts in present.

scholarly journals Are the communists dying out in Russia?☆

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Roderick Kiewiet ◽  
Mikhail G. Myagkov
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Se

Many predicted that the strength of the Communist Party in Russia would wane as the elderly pensioners who disproportionately supported the party died off. Contrary to this prediction, the findings of our analysis indicate that voters who reached retirement age during the past decade were even more supportive of the communists than the cohort of pensioners who preceded them. We believe this occurred because it was workers approaching retirement, not pensioners per se, who were disproportionately injured by the transition to a more market-oriented economy. Like pensioners they lost savings, but in many cases they also lost their jobs. They also had little opportunity to learn the new skills that the Russian economy increasingly calls for. There is as yet no indication that the communists have begun to die out.

Skin as a Source of Nosocomial Infection: Directions for Future Research

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis G. Maki
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogens ◽  
The Past ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Per Se

Whereas infections of the skin per se comprise only a fraction of all institutionally-acquired infections, the skin has become one of the most important reservoirs of nosocomial pathogens in the hospital. Professor Noble has provided a scholarly review of the increasing importance of the major constituents of the cutaneous microflora as nosocomial pathogens and what we know of their epidemiology. Unfortunately, the empiricism and limited scientific data which underlie essential infection control measures in this area, particularly in regard to cutaneous antisepsis and handwashing, is almost incongruous in an era in which controlled clinical trials have dominated most other areas of medicine. The numerous outbreaks traced to contaminated antiseptics and disinfectants over the past two decades, stand as mute testimony to the inadequate investigative attention this area has received.

scholarly journals NEUROMUSCULAR CHANGES WITH AGING AND SARCOPENIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
B.C. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conceptual Definition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function

Sarcopenia was originally conceptualized as the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass. Over the ensuing decades, the conceptual definition of sarcopenia has changed to represent a condition in older adults that is characterized by declining muscle mass and function, with “function” most commonly conceived as muscle weakness and/or impaired physical performance (e.g., slow gait speed). Findings over the past 15-years, however, have demonstrated that changes in grip and leg extensor strength are not primarily due to muscle atrophy per se, and that to a large extent, are reflective of declines in the integrity of the nervous system. This article briefly summarizes findings relating to the complex neuromuscular mechanisms that contribute to reductions in muscle function associated with advancing age, and the implications of these findings on the development of effective therapies.

The End of Art and the Non-End of Religion: Hegel on Aesthetics and Religion

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
David Lê
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
Per Se ◽  
End Of Art ◽  
Role Of Religion

Abstract While Hegel’s infamous “end of art” thesis states that art is “for us, a thing of the past” he insists that philosophy and, to a degree that is often underestimated by contemporary readers, religion endure within the structure of modern life. In this paper I aim to demonstrate how by focusing on Hegel’s claim that religion meets no end, we can come to a better understanding of how and why he thinks art does end. This will lead us away from common, but false, picture of Hegel as being indifferent (or even hostile) to art’s sensuous mode of intelligibility. Inasmuch as religion remains both necessarily sensuous and a component of social life that realizes freedom and divinity within modernity, the “problem” with art cannot be its sensuousness per se. What art ultimately finds itself unable to do, and what religion can do, is find a way to reconcile the destabilizing force of individual, subjective freedom with a jointly-held representation of who and what we are and what we value most, what Hegel calls “divinity” (das Göttliche). By countenancing the vital role of religion in Hegel’s thought, we can therefore better understand one of his most famous, and least understood philosophical claims.

scholarly journals The erosion of nongambling spheres by smartphone gambling: A qualitative study on workplace and domestic disordered gambling

2020 ◽  
pp. 205015792095212
Author(s):  
Hibai Lopez-Gonzalez ◽  
Susana Jiménez-Murcia ◽  
Mark D Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Internet Gambling ◽  
Disordered Gambling ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Group Settings ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Related Harm

The potential dangers of internet-based gambling as compared with more traditional land-based gambling have been increasingly investigated over the past decade. The general consensus appears to be that although internet gambling might not be a more dangerous medium for gambling per se, the 24/7 availability it generates for problem gamblers, however, is. Because smartphones have become the most used way of gambling online, internet gambling must, therefore, be further subcategorized according to the device by which it is accessed. This study examines the issue by exploring the views of smartphone gamblers undergoing treatment for gambling disorder in focus group settings ( N=35). Utilizing thematic analysis, the paper shows that smartphone gambling has colonized spaces previously regarded as nongambling spheres. The workplace, especially in male-dominated contexts, emerged as an accommodator and stimulator of gambling behavior, raising issues of productivity rather than criminality. Domestic gambling was mostly characterized by an invasion of bathroom and bedtime spheres of intimacy. The study examines the implications of prevention and treatment, focusing on the minimization of exposure to gambling stimuli, the erosion of intimacy that recovering gamblers must endure, and the necessity of embracing a broader definition of gambling-related harm.

Anthropology Meets History

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Social Resource ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Future ◽  
Per Se

This article analyses the difficult relation between anthropology and history. The point, therefore, is to show how anthropology conceptualises the past differently from history as a discipline. Beginning with the differences between anthropology and history in terms of the concept of time, the article highlights that while for history time is concrete, objective and exogenous to human beings, for anthropology it is characterised by its being condensed, collectively subjective and endogenous. By analyzing actual examples, the article shows that the anthropologist is not interested in the past per se, but rather in the past as a dimension of the present. Accordingly, actualised, revised and manipulated history as well as the role of the past in the present need to be taken into account. Consequently, history and the past have their own specific efficiency because they are also a form of knowledge and social resource mobilised by single individuals or groups to find their bearings and act accordingly in the present and likewise to plan the future.

Gaspirali v. Il'Minskii: Two Identity Projects for the Muslims of the Russian Empire

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Özgür Tuna
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Russian Empire

In 1913, an article in a Russian missionary journal compared two “very typical representatives” of Islamic studies in Russia: İsmail Bey Gaspıralı (1851–1914) and Nikolai Ivanovich Il'minskii (1822–1891). Nothing could better symbolize the two opposing points of view about the past, present and future of the Muslims of Russia in 1913. Il'minskii was a Russian Orthodox missionary whose ideas and efforts had formed the imperial perceptions and policies about the Muslims of the Russian empire in the late Tsarist period, while Gaspıralı was a Muslim educator and publisher whose ideas and efforts had shaped the Muslim society per se in the same period. Il'minskii, beginning in the 1860s, and Gaspıralı, beginning in the 1880s, developed two formally similar but inherently contradictory programs for the Muslims of the Russian empire. Schooling and the creation of a literary language or literary languages constituted the hearts of both of their programs. Besides their own efforts, both Gaspıralı and Il'minskii had a large number of followers that diligently worked to put their programs into practice among the Muslims of Russia. As a result of the inherent contradiction of these programs, a bitter controversy developed between what we may call the Il'minskii and Gaspıralı groups, which particularly intensified after the revolution of 1905. In this article, I will discuss the underlying causes and development of this controversy by focusing on the role of language in the programs of Gaspıralı and Il'minskii. Then, I will conclude my article with an evaluation of the legacies of these two individuals in their own time and beyond.

scholarly journals A REALISTIC POLITICAL IDEAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Schmidtz
Keyword(s):  
Human Condition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Common Purpose ◽  
Political Ideal ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Human Condition

Abstract:Over the past decade, political philosophers and political theorists have had a common purpose: to reflect on the merits of realism and idealism when theorizing about the human condition and the nature of justice. We have settled that no one is against being realistic or against being idealistic per se. The contributions to this volume represent a conversation about what would make one attempt to articulate ideals better than another.

scholarly journals Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Irene Calboli ◽  
Martin Senftleben
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Trademark Law ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
The Past ◽  
Trademark Protection ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Flexible Application

During the past decades, the domain of trademark law and the scope of trademark protection have been expanded significantly. The flexible application of prerequisites for registration has paved the way for the recognition of a wide variety of signs as subject matter eligible for trademark protection. This includes single colors, shapes, sounds, smells, video clips, holograms, and even gestures. However, this expansion of the scope of trademark protection has been accompanied only by a partial expansion of the grounds for refusal relating to these registrations and the creation of defenses that permit unauthorized use in the interest of freedom of competition and freedom of expression. Hence, the expansion of trademark protection to non-traditional marks can have serious effects on market competition as these signs often protect products, or parts of products, per se. Likewise, the protection of these signs can prevent other socially valuable uses in related or unrelated non-commercial contexts. In this Introduction, the editors of this Book explain the risks posed by the protection of non-traditional trademarks, the causes for these risks, and the development of this type of protection, and lay groundwork for the more detailed discussion of the topic in the contributions to the Book.

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