scholarly journals Specific transformations of mineral forms of nitrogen in acid soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Kresovic ◽  
Miodrag Jakovljevic ◽  
Srdjan Blagojevic ◽  
Srboljub Maksimovic
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Forms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Investigations were performed on soils of different acidity, ranging in the pH interval 4.65-5.80 (in water). Changes of the mineral nitrogen forms in the examined soils were studied by applying short-term incubation experiments performed under aerobic conditions, with a humidity of 30 % and a temperature of 20?C, both with and without the addition of 100 and 300 ppm NH4-N. The results of the incubation experiments showed that retarded nitrification was present in all the examined soils. Increased and toxic quantities of nitrites (35.7 ppm) were formed during the incubation, which remained in the soil solution for several days, and even weeks, in spite of favorable conditions of moisture, aeration and temperature for the development of the process of chemoautotrophic nitrification. Decelerated chemoautotrophic nitrification was the source of the occurrence of nitrite in the examined less acid soil (soil 1), while in soils of higher acidity (soils 2 and 3) after addition of 100 and 300 ppm NH4-N, nitrite occurred due to chemical denitrification (chemodenitrification). Nitrites formed in the process of chemodenitrification underwent spontaneous chemical oxidation resulting in nitrate formation (chemical nitrification). The content of mineral nitrogen (NH4 + NO3 + NO2-N) decreased during the incubation period, proving gaseous losses from the examined soils. Application of lower doses of nitrogen fertilizers could decrease nitrogen losses by denitrification as well as the occurrence of nitrite in toxic quantities in the investigated pseudogley soil.

scholarly journals Nitrogen transformation in acid soils subjected to pH value changes

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Kresovic ◽  
M. Jakovljevic ◽  
S. Blagojevic ◽  
Branka Zarkovic
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Value Changes

The aim of this investigation was to determine which application of fertilizer and lime material does not form toxic quantities of nitrite nitrogen and when the losses by denitrification are the lowest in the examined acid soils. Investigations were performed on pseudogley soils of different acidity. Changes of available nitrogen forms were examined by the method of short-term incubation experiments. Experimental treatments were without the use of mineral fertilizers and with application of (NH4)2SO4 (100 ppm of NO3-N) and KNO3 (100 ppm of NO3-N); with and without addition of Ca(OH)2 (50% of full neutralization and full neutralization). When (NH4)2SO4 was used, nitrites occurred in both examined soils as a result of decelerated nitrification and when KNO3 was added as a result of chemical denitrification. Application of Ca(OH)2 caused the intensification of mineralization, nitrification and biological denitrification processes. When a higher dose of lime material was used (full neutralization), nitrites occurred in larger quantities as a result of the strengthening of nitrification and denitrification processes. Application of a lower lime dose caused nitrite occurrence in smaller quantities. Therefore, in these soils as well as in soils of similar chemical properties, application of lower doses of lime material can be recommended (<50% of full neutralization) as well as the application of ammonium fertilizer, bearing in mind that in such conditions losses of added fertilizer in the denitrification process are reduced and the occurrence of nitrites as an intermediate product of this process is prevented.

scholarly journals Micro-Dosing of Lime, Phosphorus and Nitrogen Fertilizers Effect on Maize Performance on an Acid Soil in Kenya

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O. Kisinyo ◽  
P. A. Opala ◽  
V. Palapala ◽  
S. O. Gudu ◽  
C. O. Othieno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Recovery ◽  
Experimental Treatments

<p>High cost of inorganic fertilizers and lime has precluded their use by smallholder farmers to remedy the problem of soil acidity and infertility in Kenya. To address the problem, we tested a precision technique referred to as micro-dosing, which involves application of small, affordable quantities of inorganic inputs on an acid soil in Busia County, Kenya. Experimental treatments were N-fertilizer (0 and 37.5 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>), P-fertilizer (0 and 13 kg P ha<sup>-1</sup>) and lime (0, 0.77 and 1.55 tons lime ha<sup>-1</sup>). 37.5 kg N and 13 kg P ha<sup>-1 </sup>are 50% of the recommended fertilizer rates for maize production in Kenya while 0.77 and 1.55 tons lime ha<sup>-1</sup> are 25 and 50% of the actual requirement. Soil chemical changes, maize grain yield and nutrient recovery were determined. Lime and P-fertilizer significantly affected only the top-soil pH, Ca, Mg and available P, while the effects of N-fertilizer were evident on both top- and sub-soil N likely due to its faster mobility than P and lime. Grain P-fertilizer recovery efficiencies were 14 and 16-27% due to 13 kg P and 13 kg P + 0.77-1.55 tons lime ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. N-fertilizer recovery efficiencies were 37 and 42-45% due to 37.5 kg N and 37.5 kg N + 0.77-1.55 tons lime ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Fertilizers applied to supply 37.5 kg N, 13 kg P and 0.77-1.55 tons lime ha<sup>-1 </sup>increased grain yield above the control by 134, 39 and 12-22%, respectively, therefore micro-dosing of these inputs can increase maize production on Kenyan acid soils.</p>

scholarly journals Fixation of soluble forms of fertilizer phosphorus in salt affected soils of Ramanathapuram and Trichy districts and acid soil of Ariyalur district of Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
R, Thamaraiselvi ◽  
K. Arulmozhiselvan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Monopotassium Phosphate ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Phosphatic Fertilizers

Soluble phosphorus (P) applied through phosphatic fertilizers is quickly converted into low soluble P compounds in soil.  For evaluating fixation ability of P fertilizers laboratory incubation experiments were conducted with saline, sodic and acid soils. Phosphatic fertilizers selected were single super phosphate (SSP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), monopotassium phosphate (MPP) and 19:19:19 N, P2O5, K2O % (All-19). Fixation of P was computed based on the amount of P recovered after addition of P in the soil in increasing levels. At a typical P addition at 16 kg ha-1 the results were compared in all soils. In saline soil, high fixation of P occurred when DAP (12.18 kg ha-1) and MPP (11.28 kg ha-1) were applied. In sodic soil, high fixation of P resulted when SSP (7.10 kg ha-1) was applied. In acid soil, high fixation of P occurred when All -19 (12.64 kg ha-1), MAP (12.40 kg ha-1), SSP (12.22 kg ha-1), and DAP (11.74 kg ha-1) were applied. With all forms of phosphatic fertilizers fixation of added P occurred to the extent of 57.9 to 79.0 per cent in acid soil, 55.0 to 70.5 per cent in saline soil and 25.5 to 44.4 per cent in sodic soil. In saline soil availability of P might be higher for SSP and All-19 compared to ammonium/ potassium phosphate fertilizers. On the other hand, MPP, MAP and All-19 may be preferably applied in sodic/ acid soils alternative to SSP or DAP for realizing higher P release in soils from added fertilizers for the benefit of crop utilization.

scholarly journals Influence of lime and fertilizers upon the mineralization of peat nitrogen in incubation experiments

1954 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila ◽  
Sylvi Soini ◽  
Erkki Kivinen
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Sphagnum Fuscum ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Different Origins

An attempt has been made to elucidate the influence of lime and fertilizers upon the mineralization of peat nitrogen under laboratory conditions. The main object was to study differences between the responce of various kinds of peats to these treatments and to the incubation under conditions favourable for the activity of microorganisms. The material consisted of eight peat samples from North Finland. Four of them were fen peats with a virgin productivity of 6—8. The other four originated from untillable bogs with a virgin productivity of 1—3. All the samples were from virgin peat lands and only slightly decomposed. In spite of the different origins of these peat groups no marked differences in their chemical composition and characteristics could be found. This was supposed to be due to their low degree of decomposition. In the first large incubation experiment carried out at 15°—22 °C the accumulation of nitrate-nitrogen during the B—lo8—10 months of incubation was relatively high in all the limed samples, but marked nitrification occurred also in most of the un-limed samples, the Sphagnum fuscum peat being the most prominent exception. On the average, the effect of lime upon the total accumulation of mineral nitrogen was positive only in three of the fen peats and in the Sphagnum fuscum sample. In the second experiment lime seemed to stimulate the ammonification in the Sphagnum peats during the first month of incubation, but later on the accumulation of mineral nitrogen was found to be almost equally intensive in the limed and un-limed samples. No significant effect of potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers could be stated in the incubation experiments. The same was true in respect to the effect of copper sulphate, zinc chloride or ammonium molybdate. The influence of ash upon the changes in the mineral nitrogen content of one fen peat was supposed to be due to its neutralizing agencies. The accumulation of mineral nitrogen, particularly of ammonium nitrogen, was highest in the untreated samples. Although some superiority of the fen peats to the Sphagnum peats in respect to the speed of the accumulation of mineral nitrogen could be stated, the differences between these groups after the prolonged incubation were negligible. This can be explained by the different intensity of immobilization and denitrification of nitrogen in these peats under the conditions of the experiments. It also may be taken to mean that no distinct differences existed between the decomposability of the nitrogen compounds of these slightly humified fen peats and Sphagnum peats.

Orientation of processes of biological nitrogen transformation in winter rye agroecosystems under different levels of fertilization background

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
V. Volkogon ◽  
I. Korotka
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Nitrogen Transformation ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Microbial Preparation ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Aim. To determine physiologically expedient rates of mineral nitrogen in winter rye production on sod-podzol- ic soils based on the orientation of the processes of biological nitrogen transformation in the plants rhizosphere. Methods. Field studies, gas chromatography determination of potential nitrogen fi xation activity and potential emissions of N 2 O. Results. The results obtained have demonstrated that the rates of mineral nitrogen, not ex- ceeding 60 kg/ha, can be considered physiologically expedient for winter rye production on sod-podzolic soils. Under the application of microbial preparation Diazobakteryn, there is a higher physiological need of plants for nitrogen, which allows increasing the rates of nitrogen fertilizers up to 90 kg/ha. Conclusions. The orienta- tion of the processes of biological nitrogen transformation in the root zone of plants is a reliable indicator of determining the appropriateness of nitrogen fertilization of crops.

Linking microbial taxa and the effect of mineral nitrogen forms on residue decomposition at the early stage in arable soil by DNA-qSIP

Geoderma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 400 ◽  
pp. 115127
Author(s):  
Weiling Dong ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Enzhao Wang ◽  
Xiongduo Liu ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Forms ◽  
Residue Decomposition

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Straw Decomposition under Different Nitrogen Fertilizers

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Gabriela Mühlbachová ◽  
Pavel Růžek ◽  
Helena Kusá ◽  
Radek Vavera ◽  
Martin Káš
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
N Fertilisers

The climate changes and increased drought frequency still more frequent in recent periods bring challenges to management with wheat straw remaining in the field after harvest and to its decomposition. The field experiment carried out in 2017–2019 in the Czech Republic aimed to evaluate winter wheat straw decomposition under different organic and mineral nitrogen fertilizing (urea, pig slurry and digestate with and without inhibitors of nitrification (IN)). Treatment Straw 1 with fertilizers was incorporated in soil each year the first day of experiment. The Straw 2 was placed on soil surface at the same day as Straw 1 and incorporated together with fertilizers after 3 weeks. The Straw 1 decomposition in N treatments varied between 25.8–40.1% and in controls between 21.5–33.1% in 2017–2019. The Straw 2 decomposition varied between 26.3–51.3% in N treatments and in controls between 22.4–40.6%. Higher straw decomposition in 2019 was related to more rainy weather. The drought observed mainly in 2018 led to the decrease of straw decomposition and to the highest contents of residual mineral nitrogen in soils. The limited efficiency of N fertilisers on straw decomposition under drought showed a necessity of revision of current strategy of N treatments and reduction of N doses adequately according the actual weather conditions.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SOIL ACIDITY PROBLEM IN ALBERTA AND NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG ◽  
P. B. HOYT ◽  
W. A. RICE ◽  
B. SIEMENS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Crop Species

The amount of cultivated acid soil in Alberta and northeastern British Columbia was estimated from pH values of farm samples analyzed by the Alberta Soil Testing Laboratory, and the effect of soil acidity on crops was assessed from field experiments on 28 typical acid soils. The field experiments consisted of two cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and one cultivar each of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown with and without lime for 2 yr. There are about 30,000 ha of soils with a pH of 5.0 or less where soil acidity seriously restricts yields of all four crop species. There are approximately 300,000 ha with a soil pH of 5.1–5.5 where liming will on the average increase yields of alfalfa by 100%, yields of barley by 10–15%, and yields of rapeseed and red clover by 5–10%. There are a further 1,600,000 ha where soil pH ranges from 5.6 to 6.0 and liming will increase yields of alfalfa by approximately 50% and yields of barley, rapeseed and red clover by at least 4–5%.

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