Relaxant activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. ex A.W. Hill, Apiaceae) on isolated ileum of rat

Introduction. Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is used in the traditional herbal medicine to treat intestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of aqueous and ethanol extracts of parsley on spontaneous and acetylcholine induced contractions on isolated rat ileum. Material and methods. Wistar albino rats (250-300g) were used in this study. The ileum portions were isolated out and cleaned off mesenteries. Preparations 2 cm long were mounted in 20 ml tissue baths containing Tyrode's solution maintained at 37?C and aerated with a mixture of 5% carbon dioxide in oxygen. In the first part of experiments, contractile responses to the aqueous (ethanol) extracts of parsley were recorded. In the second part, increasing concentrations of acetylcholine were added to the organ bath for a full concentration response curve and then concentration response curves were obtained after adding the aqueous (ethanol) extracts of parsley. Results and discussion. Our results showed that aqueous (62.22?7.15%) and ethanol (79.16?9.34%) extracts of parsley in dose dependent manner decreased the tonus of spontaneous contractions of isolated rat ileum. The aqueous (32.16?2.75%) and ethanol (53.96?4.86%) extracts of parsley reduced the acetylcholine induced contraction, the reduction was greater with ethanol extract than with the aqueous one. Conclusion. It can be concluded that the aqueous and ethanol extracts of parsley exert antispasmodic activity on rat ileum. The relaxant effect of ethanol extract was better comparing to aqueous extract of parsley.

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Enkephalin-induced inhibition of the isolated rat ileum is not blocked by naloxone

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y81-137 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 59 (8) ◽

pp. 901-903 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K. Nakatsu ◽

E. Goldenberg ◽

D. Penning ◽

K. Jhamandas

Keyword(s):

Dependent Manner ◽

Narcotic Antagonist ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Rat Ileum ◽

Leucine Enkephalin ◽

Isolated Rat

Both methionine- and leucine-enkephalin caused the isolated rat ileum to relax in a concentration-dependent manner; the EC50 values were in the order of 10−8 to 10−7 M. This isolated preparation was generally not sensitive to morphine. The enkephalin-induced inhibitions were not blocked by the classical narcotic antagonist, naloxone.

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Relaxant Effect of the Ethanol Extract of Helichrysum plicatum (Asteraceae) on Isolated Rat Ileum Contractions

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules15053391 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 3391-3401 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Dubravka Bigovic ◽

Suzana Brankovic ◽

Dusanka Kitic ◽

Mirjana Radenkovic ◽

Teodora Jankovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Relaxant Effect ◽

Rat Ileum ◽

Isolated Rat

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Vasorelaxant Effect Induced by the Essential Oil of Ocotea duckei Vattimo Leaves and Its Main Constituent, Trans-caryophyllene, in Rat Mesenteric Artery

Journal of Applied Life Sciences International ◽

10.9734/jalsi/2020/v23i1230202 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 31-39

Author(s):

Tays Amanda Felisberto Gonçalves ◽

Renildo Moura da Cunha ◽

Dionatas Ulises de Oliveira Meneguetti ◽

Marcio Roberto Viana Santos ◽

José Maria Barbosa- Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Mesenteric Artery ◽

Calcium Release ◽

Mesenteric Arteries ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Main Constituent ◽

Response Curves ◽

Vasorelaxant Effect ◽

Rat Mesenteric Artery ◽

Isolated Rat

Aims: To evaluate the vasorelaxant effect induced by the essential oil of the leaves of O. duckei Vattimo (ODEO) and its main constituent, trans-caryophyllene, in rat superior mesenteric arteries. Methodology: Isolated rat superior mesenteric rings were suspended by cotton threads for isometric tension recordings in Tyrode’s solution at 37ºC, gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 and different ODEO concentrations (0.1-300 μg/mL) or trans-caryophyllene (1-1000 μg/mL) were added cumulatively to the organ baths. Results: Vasorelaxant effect induced by the essential oil of Ocotea duckei leaves (ODEO) and its main constituent, trans-caryophyllene (60.54 %), was evaluated in this work. In intact isolated rat superior mesenteric rings ODEO (0.1-300 μg/mL, n=6) induced concentration-dependent relaxation of tonus induced by phenylephrine (10 µM) or K+-depolarizing solution (KCl 80 mM) (IC50=31±5, 5±0.4 µg/mL, respectively, n=6). The relaxations of phenylephrine-induced contractions were not significantly attenuated after removal of the vascular endothelium (IC50=25±5 µg/mL). ODEO antagonized the concentration-response curves to CaCl2 (10-6-3x10-2 M) and Bay K 8644 (10-10-3x10-6 M). Furthermore, in nominally without calcium solution, ODEO significantly inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, transient contractions induced by 10 µM phenylephrine or 20 µM caffeine. Trans-caryophyllene induced vasorelaxations, however, this effect was 18.6 times less potent when compared to ODEO-induced vasorelaxations. Conclusion: The relaxant effect induced by ODEO in rat superior mesenteric artery rings is endothelium-independent and seems to be related to both, inhibition of Ca2+ influx through L-type voltage-gated Ca2+-channels sensitive to dihydropyridines and inhibition of the calcium release from intracellular IP3-and caffeine-sensitive stores.

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ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF Copaifera salikounda (HECKEL) AGAINST ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETES IN RATS

Slovenian Veterinary Research ◽

10.26873/svr-1072-2020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Chinyere Aloke ◽

Emmanuel Igwe ◽

Nwogo Obasi ◽

Pascal Amu ◽

Egwu Ogbonnia

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Body Weight ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

The Body ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Dependent Manner

Accumulating evidences have reinforced the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of various ailments as a result of negative side effects associated with conventional drugs. Plant components such as phenols and flavonoids with antioxidant potential have confirmed protective roles against oxidative stress-induced degenerative diseases like diabetes mellitus (DM). The current study was carried out to investigate the effect of seed pod ethanol extract from Copaifera salikounda (SPEECS) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. SPEECS was obtained by maceration of seed pod powder in absolute ethanol for 72 h, filtered, concentrated and dried in-vacuo. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) technique was used to quantitatively elucidate the chemical constituents of SPEECS. Twenty-four male albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n=6): normal control, DM control, DM + 200 mg/kg SPEECS and DM + 400 mg/kg SPEECS groups. DM was induced in the Wistar albino rats through intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg body weight of alloxan. After 14 days of treatment, the body weight changes and the fasting blood glucose level were determined in the different groups. Also, serum biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were estimated. The GC-MS results confirm nine bioactive compounds with 9-octadecenoic acid (55.75%) being most abundant. SPEECS (200 and 400 mg/kg) administration significantly (P 0.05) caused gain in weight, decreased fasting blood glucose and reversed the elevated liver function enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) while total TP and ALB were markedly elevated relative to DM control group. Furthermore, SPEECS attenuated the activities of SOD and CAT while the level of MDA was significantly (P 0.05) decreased in dose dependent manner in comparison to the DM control. This study indicated that SPEECS can alleviate hyperglyceamia of DM. Key words: Copaifera salikounda; oxidative stress; medicinal plants; diabetes mellitus; phytochemicals; orthodox ANTIDIABETIČNI UČINEK EKSTRAKTA ETANOLA Copaifera salikounda (HECKEL) NA SLADKORNO BOLEZEN, SPROŽENO Z ALLOXAN-om, PRI PODGANAHIzvleček: Obstaja vedno več dokazov, ki poudarjajo uporabnost zdravilnih rastlin pri zdravljenju različnih bolezni, tudi zaradi različnih negativnih stranskih učinkov, povezanih s konvencionalnimi zdravili. Rastlinske sestavine kot so fenoli in flavonoidi z antioksidativnim potencialom, imajo po nekaterih raziskavah zaščitno vlogo pred degenerativnimi boleznimi, ki jih povzroča oksidativni stres, kot je sladkorna bolezen diabetes mellitus (DM). Študija je bila izvedena z namenom raziskovanja učinka etanolnega semenskega ekstrakta iz rastline Copaifera salikounda (SPEECS) pri podganah s sladkorno boleznijo, ki jo je povzročil alloxan. SPEECS je bil pridobljen z maceracijo praška semen v prahu v absolutnem etanolu 72 ur ter nadaljnjo filtracijo, koncentracijo in sušenjem v vakuumu. Za kvantitativno ugotavljanje kemijskih sestavin SPEECS je bila uporabljena tehnika plinske kromatografije in masne spektrometrije (GC-MS). Štiriindvajset samcev podgan Wistar je bilo naključno razporejenih v štiri skupine (n=6): normalna kontrola, kontrola DM, DM + 200 mg/kg SPEECS in DM + 400 mg/kg SPEECS. DM je bil pri podganah sprožen z intraperitonealno injekcijo 200 mg/kg telesne mase alloxana. Po 14 dneh zdravljenja so bile pri različnih skupinah določene spremembe telesne teže in nivo glukoze v krvi (na tešče). Poleg tega so avtorji raziskave izmerili še nekatere serumske biokemične parametre kot so ravni alaninske aminotransferaze (ALT), aspartatne aminotransferaze (AST), alkalne fosfataze (ALP), albumina (ALB), skupnih proteinov (TP), malondialdehida (MDA), superoksiddismutaze (SOD) in katalaze (CAT). Rezultati GC-MS so v izvlečku SPEECS pokazali devet bioaktivnih spojin, v katerih je največ 9-oktadecenojske kisline (55,75%). SPEECS (200 in 400 mg/kg) je povzročil znatno (P 0,05) povečanje telesne mase, znižanje glukoze v krvi na tešče in znižal raven encimov pokazateljev jetrne funkcije (ALT, AST, ALP), medtem ko je bila raven TP in ALB pri podganah, ki so prejemale SPEECS izrazito povišana v primerjavi z DM kontrolno skupino. Zdravljenje s SPEECS je tudi oslabilo aktivnosti SOD in CAT, medtem ko se je raven MDA znatno zmanjšala (P 0,05) v primerjavi s kontrolno skupino DM. Ta študija je pokazala, da lahko SPEECS ublaži hiperglikemijo pri sladkorni bolezni pri podganah.Ključne besede: Copaifera salikounda; oksidativni stres; zdravilne rastline; sladkorna bolezen; fitokemikalije; ortodoksni

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A SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT FROM TUNJUK LANGIT RHIZOME (HELMINTHOSTACHYS ZEYLANICA) ON ALBINO RATS, RATTUS NOVERTICUS (WISTAR STRAIN)

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i2.15563 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 270

Author(s):

Fitrya Fitrya ◽

Najma Annuria Fithry

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Female Rats ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Subchronic Toxicity ◽

Group V ◽

Toxic Symptom ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Wistar Strain ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Objective: Traditionally, Tunjuk langit (Helmynthostachis zaylanica) rhizome has been used as anticancer and anti-inflammation drugs; however, it may have toxic effects on major organs for a long-term continuously consecutive consumption. Therefore, this study was carried out to test sub- chronic toxicity of the ethanol extract of the rhizome on Albino rats, Rattus noverticus (Wistar strain). Methods: A total of 100 male and female rats were divided into five groups. Groups I, II, III, and IV were orally administered with ethanol extracts of 68, 136, 272, and 554 mg/kg body weight (BW), respectively. Meanwhile, Group V used as a control was no treatment with the extract. A toxic symptom has been observed by analyzing several parameters, namely BW, hematologic and biochemical properties, macroscopic organs, and relative organ weight.Results: In general, the results show that there is no any toxic symptom and statistically insignificant differences in these parameters between treated and control groups. Conclusion: We conclude that the ethanol extract of Tunjuk Langit rhizome does not have effects of subchronic toxicity.Keywords: Tunjuk langit rhizome, Ethanol extract, Subchronic toxicity.

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Tadalafil in Increasing Doses: The Influence on Coronary Blood Flow and Oxidative Stress in Isolated Rat Hearts

Pharmacology ◽

10.1159/000520498 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Nada M. Banjac ◽

Velibor M. Vasović ◽

Nebojša P. Stilinović ◽

Dušan V. Prodanović ◽

Ana D. Tomas Petrović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Anion ◽

Coronary Flow ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Superoxide Anion Production ◽

Nitrite Oxide ◽

Rat Hearts ◽

And Oxidative Stress ◽

Isolated Rat

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the influence of different doses of tadalafil on coronary flow and oxidative stress in isolated rat hearts. Methods: The hearts of male Wistar albino rats (n = 48) were retrogradely perfused according to the Langendorff technique at gradually increased constant perfusion pressure (CPP) (40–120 mm Hg). Coronary flow and oxidative stress markers: nitrite oxide (NO) outflow and superoxide anion production in coronary effluent were measured. The experiments were performed during control conditions and in the presence of tadalafil (10, 20, 50, and 200 nM) alone or with Nω-nitro-L-arginine monomethyl ester (L-NAME) (30 μM). Results: Tadalafil administration significantly increased coronary flow at all CPP values at all administered doses. Tadalafil led to an increase in the NO levels, but a statistically significant NO release increase was found only at the highest dose and highest CPP. Tadalafil did not significantly affect the release of O2−. After inhibiting the nitrite oxide synthase system by L-NAME, tadalafil-induced changes in cardiac flow and NO levels were reversed. L-NAME administration had no pronounced effect on the O2− release. Conclusion: Tadalafil causes changes in the heart vasculature in a dose-dependent manner. It does not lead to a significant increase in the production of superoxide anion radicals.

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Cyperus Iria Aqueous-Ethanol Extract Ameliorated Hyperglycemia, Oxidative Stress and Regulated Inflammatory Cytokines in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

10.21203/rs.3.rs-216684/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Myeda Saeed ◽

Ali Sharif ◽

Saeed UlHassan ◽

Bushra Akhtar ◽

Faqir Muhammad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

High Performance ◽

Aqueous Ethanol ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Good Tolerance ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Dose Dependent

Abstract Present study is involved in identification of biophenolic and flavonoids from the aqueous-ethanol extract of Cyperus iria and appraisal of inflammatory and stress markers involved in endocrine dysfunction based upon its folktale use. Significantly higher quantities of phenolic (82.79 ± 0.003 mg/g GAE) and flavonoid (13.61 ± 0.002 mg/g QE) contents were present. Inhibitory concentration (IC50) exhibited an excellent potential for both antioxidant (IC50 = 3.22 µg/mL) and alpha amylase (IC50 = 36.29 µg/mL) inhibitory assays. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), confirmed the existence of myercetin, quercetin, kaempferol and ferullic acid. Cyperus iria aqueous-ethanol extract exhibits good tolerance against glucose. Streptozotocin induced hyperglycemia declined along with improvement in inflammatory (TNF-α = 15.6 ± 0.2 g/l, COX-2 = 357 ± 0.396 U/l, IL-6 = 572 ± 0.99 pg/l) and oxidative stress markers (SOD = 163 ± 0.616 and GSH-ST = 95.8 ± 0.44 U/mL) along with biochemical parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Present study suggests that Cyperus iria aqueous-ethanol extract possess hypoglycemic potential which might be attributed to the presence of phenolics and flavonoids.

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A Comparative Study on Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Green Coffea arabica Beans by Country of Origin

The Korean Society of Beauty and Art ◽

10.18693/jksba.2020.21.3.281 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 281-293

Author(s):

Dan-Hee Yoo ◽

In-Chul Lee

Keyword(s):

Coffea Arabica ◽

Country Of Origin ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Natural Material ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Total Polyphenol ◽

Potential Source ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Ethanol Extracts

In this study, the extracts of green Coffea arabica bean by country of origin were tested as a potential source for natural ingredients in cosmetic products. Antioxidative activities were measured by total polyphenol, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), and 2,2 -azino-bis (3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assay. Anti-inflammatory activities were checked by nitric oxide (NO) assay. The total polyphenol content was found to be higher in ethanol extract than in water extracts, and in particular Ethiopia ethanol extracts had 852.39 mg/100 g, making them the highest in content. The antioxidant measurement was measured with DPPH and ABTS, indicating that antioxidant strength increased dependent on the concentration of all extracts to be superior. The cell survival rate of the extracts of green Coffea arabica beans by country of origin was confirmed by MTT assay and was close to 100 ㎍/㎖ to 100%. Anti-inflammatory activity by NO assay showed lipopolysacchride (LPS)-induced NO was significantly inhibited following treatment with extract of green Coffea arabica beans by country of origin and decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. This study confirmed the efficacy of green Coffea arabica beans by country of origin through research related to antioxidants and anti-inflammatory, and confirmed its availability as a natural material for cosmetics.

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ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF BACOLEPIS NERVOSA (WIGHT AND ARN.) DECNE. EX MOQ. EXTRACT ON ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i11.14803 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 320

Author(s):

Arockia Jenecius Alphonse A. ◽

Mohan V. R. ◽

Doss A.

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Serum Enzymes ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Wistar Albino Rats ◽

Alloxan Monohydrate ◽

Lipid Parameters

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanol extracts of stem and leaf of Bacolepis nervosa as antihyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in wistar albino rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). The ethanol extract of B. nervosa leaf and stem at a dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight was administrated at a single dose per day to diabetes-induced rats for a period of 14 d. The effect of ethanol extract of B. nervosa leaf and stem on blood glucose, insulin, urea, creatinine, HbA1C, serum protein, albumin, globulin, serum enzymes, serum lipid profiles, lipid peroxidase (LPO) and antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in the diabetic rats.Results: The ethanol extract of B. nervosa stem and leaf elicited significant reduction in blood glucose (p<0.001), serum enzymes (SGPT, SGOT, ALP) (p<0.01), lipid parameters (TC, TG, VLDL-LDL, PL) (p<0.01) except HDL-C and significantly increased insulin (p<0.01), HDL-C (p<0.05),, GPx, GSH, SOD and CAT (p<0.05) at the dose of 300 mg/kg when compared with the diabetic-induced control.Conclusion: From the above results, it is concluded that ethanol extracts of B. nervosa leaf and stem possesses significant antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effect in alloxan induced diabetic rats.

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