scholarly journals Stem cell transplant: From cell harvesting to cryopreservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Bela Balint ◽  
Milena Todorovic ◽  
Ivana Urosevic ◽  
Mirjana Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Proliferative Capacity ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Cell Harvesting ◽  
Blood Stem Cells

Stem cells could be defined as cells capable for self-renewal with high proliferative capacity and extensive potential to differentiate into blood cells or some somatic cell types - ?plasticity? due to ?trans-differentiation? - such as osteocytes, chondrocytes, hepatocytes, myocytes, cardiomyocytes and even endothelial cells. Recent increasing clinical use of various cell-mediated therapeutic approaches has resulted in amplified needs for both stem cells and operating procedures to get a minimized cell damages during collection, purification and cryopreservation. The aim of cell harvesting procedures is to obtain the best stem cells yield, high purity and good viability/clonogenicity. The goal of optimized cryoinvestigation protocols is to minimize cell injuries during the freeze/thaw process (cryoinjury). Despite the fact that different stem cells collection protocols and cell freezing practice are already in routine use, a lot of questions related to the optimal blood stem cells harvesting, purification and cryopreservation are still unresolved.

scholarly journals Successful Management of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Post TCR Alphabeta/CD19 Depleted Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplant

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 5699-5699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Prakash Yadav ◽  
Shruti Kohli ◽  
Sagar Nivargi ◽  
Dhwanee Thakkar ◽  
Neha Rastogi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Jc Virus ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Peripheral Blood Stem Cells ◽  
Blood Stem Cells ◽  
Alpha Beta

Abstract Introduction- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by JC virus is a rare but mostly fatal viral disease of brain affecting immunosuppressed patients. Here we describe successful management of JC virus induced PML in a young man post TCR alphabeta/CD19 depleted haploidentical hematopetic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Methods-A 22-year old, male with thalassemia major underwent TCR alpha-beta/CD19 depleted haploidentical HSCT in March 2014 from his 5/10 matched brother as donor. Intensive chelation and hydroxyurea were administered for 6-months before HSCT. The conditioning was with thiotepa 10 mg/kg, fludarabine 150 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 29 mg/kg and Rabbit ATG (thymoglobulin) 4.5 mg/kg. Peripheral blood stem cells (16 million/kg CD34+ cells) were harvested and infused after TCR alpha-beta/CD19 depletion. He had primary graft rejection but had autologous recovery by day+40. He underwent a second TCR alphabeta/CD19 depleted haploidentical HSCT 6-months later from his father as donor (5/10 matched). He underwent splenectomy 3-months prior to 2nd HSCT. As anti-HLA antibodies were present so he was treated with rituximab, plasmapheresis and bortezomib over 4 weeks which was followed by conditioning with alemtuzumab-1mg/kg, fludarabine 150mg/m2, treosulfan 42g/m2 and thiotepa 8 mg/kg. Peripheral blood stem cells (9 million/kg) were infused after TCR alphabeta/CD19 depletion. Neutrophils engrafted on day+11 and platelets on day+13.He developed grade I skin graft vs. host disease (GVHD) which was treated with sirolimus. It was changed to tacrolimus on day+180 for chronic skin GVHD and dryness of eyes.Chimerism on day+30, 100 and 1-year was fully donor. At 1-year his lymphocyte counts showed CD4-157/ul, CD8-368/ul, CD19-1055/ul and CD16/56-600/ul. Results- One-year post HSCT, he was re-admitted with right sided complex partial seizure. He was on tacrolimus, amlodipine and co-trimoxazole. He had severe headache. He was fully conscious, oriented and had no neurological deficits. Over next few days he developed aggressive behavior, hallucinations and short term memory loss. CT head showed left parieto-occipetal region edema. MRI brain with contrast and spectroscopy showed non-contrast enhancing white matter changes in the region corresponding to CT scan. CSF showed no cells and protein & sugar were normal. However CSF was positive by PCR for JC virus confirming the diagnosis of PML.Quantitative PCR in CSF showed 21000 copies/ml of JC virus. Tacrolimus was stopped. He was then started on intravenous cidofovir with oral probenicid as per protocol. Cidofovir 5mg/kg loading dose followed by 3 mg/kg once a week for 8 weeks. JC virus copies reduced to 1200/ml in CSF after 3 weeks and became negative after 5 weeks. Tablet risperidone (2 mg orally twice daily) was given to block serotonin receptor mediated uptake of virus in oligodendrocytes for 2 months. Tablet mefloquine was also given for its antiviral effect in JC virus-5mg/kg daily for 3 days followed by once weekly for 6 months. His condition improved and was discharged a month later. He is very well now more than 3-years after JC virus infection.He has no neurological deficits and memory is normal. He is off all medications and has no GVHD. Conclusion - JC virus induced PML post HSCT can possibly be managed by removing immune suppression adding risperidone and giving antiviral cidofovir and mefloquine. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals From nucleated to ex vivo manipulated stem cells: An updated biological and clinical synopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bela Balint ◽  
Mirjana Pavlović ◽  
Milena Todorovic
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Hematopoietic Growth Factors ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Extensive Quantity ◽  
Research Frontiers

Hematopoietic stem cells (SCs) are responsible for the production and replacement (proliferation) of an extensive quantity of functionally competent blood cells (differentiation) during the entire life, while simultaneously maintaining the ability to reproduce themselves (self-renewal). A complex network of interactive substances and factors organize and protect the survival, maturation and multiplication of SCs. Hemobiological events in the bone marrow (BM) are synchronized and balanced by the extracellular matrix and microenvironment provided by stromal cells. These cells-including macrophages, fibroblasts, dendritic, endothelial and other cells-stimulate SCs by producing specific hematopoietic growth factors. Other cytokines secreted by stromal cells regulate the adhesion molecules positioned on SCs, allowing them to remain in the BM or migrate to an area where the respective cell type is needed. Thus, hematopoietic SCs could be defined as cells with high proliferative capacity and extensive potential to differentiate into all blood cells or some somatic cell types (SC plasticity)-such as cardiomyocytes, myocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, hepatocytes, and even endothelial cells. Recent increasing clinical use of cell-mediated therapeutic approaches has resulted in increased needs for SCs, but in superior operating procedures during their ex vivo manipulations. The aim of cell harvestings is to obtain a higher SC yield and improved viability or clonogenicity. The goal of optimized cryoinvestigation protocols is to get a minimized cell damages (cryoinjury). Despite the fact that different SC collection protocols and cell freezing practice are already in routine use, a lot of questions related to the optimal SC ex vivo manipulations are still unresolved. This review summarizes fundamental knowledge and methodological approaches, and recapitulates data enabling progress on constantly evolving research frontiers in the SC area. The studies (including also our investigations) that evaluated the efficiency and safety of SC-treatment (transplants and regenerative medicine) will be also concisely presented.

scholarly journals Current Advances in Red Blood Cell Generation Using Stem Cells from Diverse Sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoojin Seo ◽  
Kyung-Hwa Shin ◽  
Hyung Hoi Kim ◽  
Hyung-Sik Kim
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Cell Sources ◽  
Blood Stem Cells

Blood transfusions hold an indispensable part in the modern healthcare system. Up to date, the blood supply is largely dependent on donations. Unfortunately, collecting the clinical-grade blood products has become a challenging mission due to accelerated population aging, which not only increases the need for blood transfusions but also decreases the number of healthy donors. Moreover, individuals with severe hematological abnormalities or rare blood phenotypes need alternative therapeutic approaches instead of conventional blood transfusion. In these aspects, the concept ofin vitro/ex vivoproduction of blood cells has been emerging and many attempts have been focused on manufacturing mature erythrocytes, so-called red blood cells (RBCs), the most common and important component among the blood derivatives. In this review, we provide a general overview regarding the current strategies for generating RBCs from various stem cell sources including pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as well as circulating blood stem cells and the remaining challenges that must be overcome prior to their practical application.

scholarly journals The Prospect of Stem Cells for HIV and Cancer Treatment: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khandaker Nujhat Tasnim ◽  
Sumiya Haque Adrita ◽  
Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Shahrukh Zaman Akash ◽  
Shazid Sharker
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Cell Engineering ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Hiv And Cancer

Background: The news regarding the successful treatment of uncured diseases is extremely exciting. Recently, the study of stem cells has been widely considered. Objectives: The stem cells have the potential to be converted to all specialized functional cells. Methods: Advances in cell engineering and genetic reprogramming of the stem cells have contributed to novel approaches that may bring hope to HIV and cancer patients. Results: In this regard, HIV patients recently received a stem-cell transplant that replaced their white blood cells with HIV-resistant versions (obtained from stem cells). However, only a few clinically successful approaches are available on new stem cells. Conclusion: This review includes two parts; in the first section, the reader can obtain a basic idea about stem cells, whereas the second part emphasizes new opportunities and directions in translating stem cells basic research to the clinical applications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document