scholarly journals Malignant diseases in medicolegal practice

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Bogdanovic ◽  
Slobodan Savic ◽  
Gordana Basta-Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Malignant Diseases ◽  
Natural Death

Introduction: In many cases of natural death (so-called obscure natural death), medicolegal assessment and elucidation are required. Although malignant tumors may be the cause of obscure natural death, their forensic significance has not been particularly studied in our population. Objective The objective of the study was to provide a general report on medicolegal importance of malignant diseases. Method Autopsy material of the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Belgrade, from 1990 to 2000, was analyzed. The data were obtained from autopsy records, investigation reports, family members of the deceased and available medical documentation. Results The malignant tumor was the cause of death in 81 cases (0.69% out of a total of 11771 autopsies), in 52 males and 29 females, respectively. The incidence of malignant diseases increased with age. The most frequent cause of death was the lung cancer - diagnosed in 33 cases (40.7% out of 81), with somewhat higher percentage in females (41.4%) than in males (40.4%), but this difference was not statistically significant (?2 =0.13; p>0.05). Other locations of malignancies were less frequently found: brain (7 cases), colon (6), stomach (5) and pancreas (4). In 67 cases, widespread tumor with metastases was identified as an immediate cause of death, in 8 cases there was a hemorrhage from eroded blood vessels, and in 6 cases peritonitis due to gastric or intestinal leakage into the abdominal cavity at the site of wall perforation. In 61.7% cases, fatal tumor was not diagnosed during the life, and was recorded more frequently in female group (75.9%) than in males (53.8%), but this difference was not statistically significant (?2=2.71; p>0.05). In most cases of lung cancer (22 or 66.7% out of 33), which was predominant type in the analyzed sample, malignancy remained unrecognized during the life. Conclusion The most important medicolegal problems regarding fatal malignant diseases are associated with exclusion of violent death in cases that are characterized as obscure (suspicious) natural death, as well as assessment of possible legal responsibility of medical staff in cases in which malignant tumor has not been diagnosed during the life.

Metastasis of missed cholangiocarcinoma in the left lobethrough abdominal wall laparoscopic port-site and umbilicus after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: case report and literature review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesheng Huang ◽  
Hongyi Li ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Jinghua Jiang ◽  
Wanchun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Port Site ◽  
Laparoscopic Port ◽  
Missed Diagnosis ◽  
Upper Abdominal

Abstract Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been widely used by surgeons. However, a serious but rare condition may be happened, which is the missed diagnosis of intraperitoneal malignant tumor. If the malignancy exists, the changes of the abdominal environment or the laparoscopic operation might brought the cancer cells to the abdominal cavity or the abdominal wall. The missed laparoscopic malignant tumors are prone to metastasis, especially at the laparoscopic port-site. More extreme condition will be located in the navel, which is known as Sister Mary Joseph’s nodule(SMJN).Case presentation: A 63-year-old female who had undergone cholecystectomy and choledocholithotomy ten months ago was hospitalized for upper abdominal pain. Laboratory examination indicated that the most of tumor markers were increased. CT scan revealed that there was a diffused irregular and progressively enhanced mass around the left lobe bile duct, multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the abdominal cavity and multiple nodular lesions were found under the costal margin of the right upper abdominal wall, right lower abdominal wall and the umbilicus. Biopsy of the nodules under the original surgical scar showed an infiltrative or metastatic middle differentiated adenocarcinoma. So the diagnosis was left lobe cholangiocarcinoma of the liver, multiple lymph nodes metastasis in the abdominal cavity and multiple implant metastasis in abdominal wall laparoscopic port-site and umbilical.Conclusion: In laparoscopic cholecystectomy, surgeons should not only focus on the local lesions, like gallstone in biliary system, but also look around other the tissues and organs to avoid missing the abdominal malignant tumor or other lesions. When atypical symptoms or abnormalities have been found pre-operation, all abdominal organs should be evaluated in detail to avoid missed diagnosis of potential malignant tumors. On the other hand, when there is a nodule in the umbilicus, all the organs and tissues in abdomen should be examined to find the potential malignant tumor. Finally, multiple cholelithiasis in the left lobe of the liver should be regarded as a high risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma.

Creatine Kinase-BB Activity in Malignant Tumors and in Sera from Patients with Malignant Diseases

1989 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ante Roguljić ◽  
Tayfour Safwan ◽  
Viktor Šeparović
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Malignant Diseases ◽  
Creatine Kinase Bb ◽  
Serum Activity ◽  
Tumor Tissues

Creatine kinase (CK EC 2.7.3.2) and CK-BB activity was analyzed in 41 malignant tumors of 6 different sites and different histological structures. The same analyses were done on 150 sera of patients with malignant diseases of various localizations. The rate of CK activity was determined kinetical-ly, whereas tissue and serum CK-BB were separated chromatographically (Mercer). Insofar as malignant tumor tissues are concerned, the highest average rate of CK-BB activity was detected in tumors of the prostate (mean 1450 IU/g), and the lowest in tumors of the parotid gland (mean 5.2 IU/g). CK-BB was detected by the Mercer technique in 56 (37.3 %) of 150 analyzed sera of patients with malignant diseases. The rate of CK activity in sera of patients with malignant diseases was 8 to 74 IU/I. In comparison with the site of the malignant process no significant CK serum activity differences were observed. T2-T3 tumors did not significantly influence the activity of either CK or CK-BB in the case of either tissues or sera (T1-T3). Enzyme activity was found to be much higher - both in tumoral tissue and in sera - with T4 tumors. The highest rate of CK-BB activity was found in sera of patients with malignant tumors of the stomach (mean 8.1 IU/I), and the lowest in malignant tumors of the rectum (mean 1.8 IU/I).

scholarly journals Analysis of the Onset and Mortality of Common Malignant Tumors Among Registered Residents in Xishan District in 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejing Xia ◽  
Dazhuo Lu ◽  
Meiqiong Jiang ◽  
Xincai Zhou ◽  
Weilin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Cancer Colorectal ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Female Breast Cancer ◽  
Female Breast ◽  
And Control

Objective: To analyse the cancer incidence and mortality in xishan district in 2016, and to provide scientific basis for tumor prevention and control. Methods: The 2016 malignant tumor registration report data in xishan district were collected and analysed, stratified according to gender and age, and the reported incidence of malignant tumor in xishan district was calculated and analysed (all the following incidence rates belong to the reported incidence), gender, age incidence, bid acceptance rate, mortality and other related indicators. Results: The total registered population of malignant tumor in xishan district in 2016 was 540,494 (268 553 males and 271 941 females), and 876 new cases were reported. The incidence rate was 162.07/105, the bid-winning rate was 176.39 /105, the world standard rate was 91.16/105, and the cumulative rate (0-74 years old) was 10.44%. The incidence of malignant tumors in males (159.00/105) was lower than that in females (165.11/105). Incidence increases with age, rises sharply and rapidly around age 40, and declines after reaching a peak at age 75. Lung cancer, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer and female breast cancer are common malignant tumors in the western mountainous areas. It accounts for about 55% of the total number of new malignant tumors. In 2016, 653 people died of malignant tumors in xishan district. The mortality rate was 120.82/105 (male mortality 151.11/105, female mortality 90.46/105), the bid-winning mortality rate was 43.53/105, and the bid-winning mortality rate was 57.72/105. Lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer and stomach cancer are the malignant tumors with high mortality, accounting for about 62% of the death. Conclusion: The morbidity and mortality of malignant tumors are relatively high in xishan district, and prevention and control of lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, female breast cancer and thyroid cancer should be emphasized.

Malignancy Associated Changes in False Negative Sputum Specimens

1971 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Rilke ◽  
Silvana Pilotti
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Sputum Specimen ◽  
Diagnostic Aid ◽  
Negative Sputum

100 consecutive sputum specimens from 100 patients of this Institute with squamous and/or cylindrical cells containing hyperchromatic nuclei arrested in telophase (MAC-A) were evaluated. Retrospective analysis of clinical data revealed in 88 cases a proven malignant tumor; 6 cases were still under investigation with strong clinical evidence of lung cancer and 6 cases had no malignant tumor. In 34 cases malignant tumor cells (MTC) were found in the first sputum specimen, and in a further 17 cases MTC appeared in repeated sputa. The strong coincidence (88%) of cells with MAC-A in sputum specimens, with or without MTC, and malignant tumors, either in the respiratory tract or elsewhere is preliminary evidence for the suitability of MAC-A as a diagnostic aid. The presence of MAC-A positive cells indicates the need for further clinical search for possible occult malignancies.

Hepatocyte ultrastructural alterations in perimetastatic areas

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 768-769
Author(s):  
H. J. Finol ◽  
M. E. Correa ◽  
L.A. Sosa ◽  
A. Márquez ◽  
N.L. Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Pancreas Carcinoma ◽  
Duct Carcinoma ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Primary Malignant Tumor ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Remote Sites

In classical oncological literature two mechanisms for tissue aggression in patients with cancer have been described. The first is the progressive invasion, infiltration and destruction of tissues surrounding primary malignant tumor or their metastases; the other includes alterations produced in remote sites that are not directly affected by any focus of disease, the so called paraneoplastic phenomenon. The non-invaded tissue which surrounds a primary malignant tumor or its metastases has been usually considered a normal tissue . In this work we describe the ultrastructural changes observed in hepatocytes located next to metastases from diverse malignant tumors.Hepatic biopsies were obtained surgically in patients with different malignant tumors which metatastized in liver. Biopsies included tumor mass, the zone of macroscopic contact between the tumor and the surrounding tissue, and the tissue adjacent to the tumor but outside the macroscopic area of infiltration. The patients (n = 5), 36–75 years old, presented different tumors including rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, pancreas carcinoma, biliar duct carcinoma and colon carcinoma. Tissue samples were processed with routine techniques for transmission electron microscopy and observed in a Hitachi H-500 electron microscope.

THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF PD-L1 EXPRESSION IN TUMOR AND IMMUNE CELLS IN SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE ORAL MUCOSA

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 759-765
Author(s):  
Svetlana Kutukova ◽  
Natalya Belyak ◽  
Grigoriy Raskin ◽  
Marina Mukhina ◽  
Georgiy Manikhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Hard Palate ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Alveolar Process ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Lower Jaw

The most frequent of malignant tumor cites of the oral mucosa are tongue - 55 %, mucosa of the cheek - 12 %, the fundus of the oral cavity - 10 %, the alveolar process of the upper jaw and the hard palate - 9 %, the alveolar process of the lower jaw - 6 %, the soft palate - 2 %. Malignant tumor cells carry PD-L1 ligands on their surface and its expression level is often correlated with an unfavorable prognosis in particular for such tumors as melanoma, kidney cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. It is relevant to evaluate the correlation between overexpression of PD-L1 and overall survival in patients with malignant tumors of the oral mucosa.

A Novel Adaptive PET/CT Image Fusion Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 658-666
Author(s):  
Kai-jian Xia ◽  
Jian-qiang Wang ◽  
Jian Cai
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Image Fusion ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Ct Image ◽  
Fusion Algorithm ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Frequency Components

Background: Lung cancer is one of the common malignant tumors. The successful diagnosis of lung cancer depends on the accuracy of the image obtained from medical imaging modalities. Objective: The fusion of CT and PET is combining the complimentary and redundant information both images and can increase the ease of perception. Since the existing fusion method sare not perfect enough, and the fusion effect remains to be improved, the paper proposes a novel method called adaptive PET/CT fusion for lung cancer in Piella framework. Methods: This algorithm firstly adopted the DTCWT to decompose the PET and CT images into different components, respectively. In accordance with the characteristics of low-frequency and high-frequency components and the features of PET and CT image, 5 membership functions are used as a combination method so as to determine the fusion weight for low-frequency components. In order to fuse different high-frequency components, we select the energy difference of decomposition coefficients as the match measure, and the local energy as the activity measure; in addition, the decision factor is also determined for the high-frequency components. Results: The proposed method is compared with some of the pixel-level spatial domain image fusion algorithms. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm is feasible and effective. Conclusion: Our proposed algorithm can better retain and protrude the lesions edge information and the texture information of lesions in the image fusion.

Cancer as a Scottish Problem

1968 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 338-348
Author(s):  
A. J. Haddow
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Cancer Of The Lung

Cancer, responsible for about 1 death in 5 in Scotland, cost over £1 per head of population in 1965 and led to bed occupation of almost 2,000 bed years. Time lag (symptoms-doctor-hospital-treatment) is usuallv small. Age distribution is as in other European countries. Excluding accidents, cancer is the second most important cause of death in children. In relation to other countries Scotland's position is very poor and the lung cancer mortality in both sexes is the highest known. Lung cancer is the most important in males, breast cancer in females. Alimentary cancers come second in both sexes. In this century alimentary cancers increased till the thirties or forties and then declined. Cancers of pancreas, cervix uteri, ovary, prostate, kidney and bladder, together with leukaemia, have all increased. Cancer of the lung has increased elevenfold in women and fiftyfold in men. It now accounts for 9 to 12 per cent of all male deaths in cities and large towns

Lung Cancer in Brazil

2012 ◽  
pp. 426-431
Author(s):  
Gilberto Schwartsmann
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Incident Cancer ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tremendous Challenge

Overview: Cancer is now the second leading cause of death in Brazil (after cardiovascular diseases) and a public health problem, with around 500,000 new cases in 2012. Excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer, lung cancer is the second most incident cancer type in men, with 17,210 expected new cases. In women, it is the fifth most incident cancer, with 10,110 expected new cases. The estimated age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rate is about 13/100,000 for men and 5.4/100,000 for women. Lung cancer rates in men increased until the early 1990s and decreased thereafter, especially in the younger population. In contrast, a steady upward trend was observed for women. The positive effects in men were probably due to the successful anti-tobacco campaign conducted in Brazil over the last decades, which led to a decrease in the adult smoking population, from 32% in the early 1980s to 17% in the 2000s. Although the Brazilian National Cancer Institute is strongly committed to providing excellence in multimodality care to cancer patients, limitations in availability and adequate geographic distribution of specialists and well-equipped cancer centers are evident. Major disparities in patient access to proper staging and state-of-the-art treatment still exist. Considering that World Health Organization (WHO) officials estimate that cancer will become the number one cause of death in most developing countries, including Brazil, in the next decades, it is highly recommended for government authorities to implement firm actions to face this tremendous challenge.

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