scholarly journals Relationship between physical activity and some parameters of nutritional state in adolescence

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Maksimovic ◽  
Gordana Ristic ◽  
Jadranka Maksimovic ◽  
Dusan Backovic ◽  
Sladjana Vukovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Introduction. In the last two decades, an increase in obesity along with a number of co-morbidities has been recorded among children and adolescents. Objective. The aim was to investigate if there was a difference in nutritional status between adolescents who were active sportsmen and those who did not engage in sport activities other than regular physical activities at school and if active training could be an independent factor in the prevention of obesity. Methods. There were 117 male adolescents on average aged 15.4?1.8 years. The subjects were divided into two groups; 32 active sportsmen engaged in regular training in football and a control group consisting of 85 adolescents engaged in no physical activity except for that at school (two hours per week). In all subjects Body Mass Index (BMI) was determined. The percentage of the total body fat was estimated from the sum of values of skin fold thickness measured at four sites (according to Durnin and Womersley). Lean Body Mass (LBM) was estimated by deducting the triceps skin fold from the upper arm circumference and comparing it to the norms. All collected data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistical methods: ?2-test, t-test. Results. Adolescent sportsmen showed a statistically significantly lower BMI and percentage of total body fat than the adolescents in the control group (p<0.01). A significantly higher LBM was found in the sportsmen (p<0.01). Conclusion. Active participation in sports can be a contributing factor in the prevention of obesity, and it is therefore recommended to combine regular physical activities with an adequate diet. BMI screening of general population can indicate a high number of children and adolescents at risk for obesity or who are already obese.

Comparison of Methods for the Measurement of Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Brazilian Children and Adolescents before and after a Lifestyle Modification Program

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Lyra ◽  
Alexandre José Bonfitto ◽  
Vera Lucia P. Barbosa ◽  
Ana Cristina Bezerra ◽  
Carlos Alberto Longui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Body

Aim: To compare the body composition of overweight children and adolescents by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) before and after physical activity program. Methods: One hundred and eleven patients with mean age (SD) of 12 (1.9) participated in the study. We assessed the weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and body composition by DXA and BIA. Patients underwent a program of diet and physical activity (1 h 30 min/day, 3 times a week for 3 months) and were evaluated before and after this period. Results: Mean initial zBMI were 2.3 (0.5) and waist SDS 5.9 (1.8). Significant differences were observed when we compared the measurements taken by DXA and BIA, respectively: total body fat percentage (40 and 31.5) and fat-free mass (43.1 and 50.6 kg). Regarding the trunk fat by DXA, there was a positive correlation with the WC/height ratio (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). After the intervention period, we observed a reduction in the zBMI, waist SDS, and total body fat and increase of fat-free mass by DXA. BIA only detected reduction in fat. Conclusion: BIA underestimates the percentage of fat and overestimates fat-free mass in relation to DXA. There is positive correlation between trunk fat and the ratio WC/height. In addition, DXA detected changes in body composition induced by a short period of physical training, unlike BIA. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

scholarly journals Ethnic and sex differences in visceral, subcutaneous, and total body fat in children and adolescents

Obesity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1251-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Staiano ◽  
S. T. Broyles ◽  
A. K. Gupta ◽  
P. T. Katzmarzyk
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Body mass index and waist circumference are better predictors of insulin resistance than total body fat percentage in middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese

Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (39) ◽  
pp. e8126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiu-Hua Cheng ◽  
Yu-Chung Tsao ◽  
I-Shiang Tzeng ◽  
Hai-Hua Chuang ◽  
Wen-Cheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Dietary fat and adiposity: a dose-response relationship in adult male rats fed isocalorically

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. E546-E550 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Boozer ◽  
G. Schoenbach ◽  
R. L. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

This study examined the effects of increasing levels of dietary fat fed isocalorically on body weight, body composition, and adipose distribution. Adult male rats were weight matched into four groups. One group that was fed a low-fat diet (12%) served as reference controls. The other three groups were fed diets of 24, 36, or 48% fat in amounts to equal the energy intake of the control group. After 6 wk, body weights of the four groups were not significantly different. Intrascapular brown fat did not differ between groups. Total body fat and adipose depot weights, however, increased in proportion to the level of fat in the diet. Total body fat and retroperitoneal and mesenteric depot weights of the 48% fat group were greater than controls (P < 0.05). Mesenteric fat in this group was also significantly increased over all other groups (P < 0.05). These results show that high-fat diets fed to adult animals cause increased body fat in the absence of significant changes in body weight and that mesenteric fat is increased disproportionately.

scholarly journals Ethnic Variation in Fat and Lean Body Mass and the Association with Insulin Resistance

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 4696-4702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Lear ◽  
Simi Kohli ◽  
Gregory P. Bondy ◽  
André Tchernof ◽  
Allan D. Sniderman
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Context: Body fat distribution varies among different ethnic groups, yet less is known regarding differences in lean mass and how this may affect insulin resistance. Objective: Our objective was to compare total body fat to lean mass ratio (F:LM) in Aboriginal, Chinese, European, and South Asian individuals with differences in insulin resistance. Participants, Design, and Setting: Aboriginal (196), Chinese (222), European (202), and South Asian (208) individuals were recruited across a range of body mass index to participate in this cross-sectional community study. Main Outcome Measures: Total body fat, lean mass, and insulin resistance were assessed using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Results: After adjustment for confounders and at a given body fat, South Asian men had less lean mass than Aboriginal [3.42 kg less; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.55–5.29], Chinese (3.01 kg less; 95% CI = 1.33–4.70), and European (3.57 kg less; 95% CI = 1.82–5.33) men, whereas South Asian women had less lean mass than Aboriginal (1.98 kg less; 95% CI = 0.45–3.50), Chinese (2.24 kg less; 95% CI = 0.81–3.68), and European (2.97 kg less; 95% CI = 1.67–4.27) women. In adjusted models, F:LM was higher in South Asian compared with Chinese and European men and higher in South Asian compared with Aboriginal, Chinese, and European women (P &lt; 0.01 for all). Insulin and HOMA were greatest in South Asians after adjustment; however, these differences were no longer apparent when F:LM was considered. Conclusions: South Asians have a phenotype of high fat mass and low lean mass, which may account for greater levels of insulin and HOMA compared with other ethnic groups.

Seasonal patterns in food intake, live mass, and body composition of mature female fallow deer ( Dama dama)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1141-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Weber ◽  
J M Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Body Tissue ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Seasonal Oscillations

Seasonal oscillations in food intake, live mass, and body component masses were investigated in two groups, each of 4 mature fallow does, which were fed high and low energy density diets ad libitum over a 17-month period. The aim of the experiment was to quantify seasonal patterns of food intake, live mass, and body tissue masses and to assess the effect of high- and low-energy diets on these patterns. Total body fat, muscle, and viscera masses were estimated on 10 occasions using computer-aided tomography. When food intake was expressed in megajoules of metabolisable energy per day, there was little difference between the groups fed the high- and low-energy diets. Food intake showed a clear deviation from a regular annual oscillation during the summer, when intake by both groups was reduced. Seasonal oscillations were apparent in live mass, empty body mass, muscle mass, and total body fat mass, with maximum values in autumn and minimum values in spring. Viscera mass did not show a seasonal pattern but was closely related to food intake. There was a lag phase of 6-7 weeks in the correlation between food intake and live mass and body tissue masses, suggesting that the changes in food intake were a precursor of subsequent changes in live mass and body composition. Further oscillations in muscle and fat masses persisted independently of changes in empty body mass, which indicated a differential change in these components according to season.

Annual Changes in Total Body Fat and Fat-free Mass in Children from 8 to 18 Years in Relation to Changes in Body Mass Index: The Fels Longitudinal Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 904 (1) ◽  
pp. 420-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGER M. SIERVOGEL ◽  
L. MICHELE MAYNARD ◽  
WAYNE A. WISEMANDLE ◽  
ALEX F. ROCHE ◽  
SHUMEI S. GUO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Annual Changes ◽  
Total Body
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